Namaqua dwarf adder bite.
The first known case of a bite by a Namaqua dwarf adder (Bitis schneideri) is reported. The effect of the venom was weakly cytotoxic, with no apparent systemic side-effects.
Animals↗
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Hypertension in the Bushman.
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Adolescent↗
Rabies in kudus (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) in South West Africa/Namibia.
A serious outbreak of rabies amongst kudus in South West Africa/Namibia has accounted for the deaths of an estimated 10 000 of them since 1977. The disease has spread at a rate of 40-60 km per year although its progress in an easterly direction was checked for more than 2 years by a game fence. Although the fence restricted the movements of big game such as kudus, it did not prevent movement of the known vectors of rabies such as dogs and jackals. The outbreak coincided with a few years above average rainfall with a resultant improvement in vegetation and an increase in the population density of kudus and jackals. The incorporation of game especially kudus into the farming industry in South West Africa/Namibia and the greater awareness of farmers of the need of protecting them contributed to the population increase of kudus. Circumstantial evidence is supplied to suggest a horizontal spread of the disease amongst kudus. Factors involved include their grooming habits, social behaviour, the restricted spread of the disease through the game fence and the absence of a corresponding increase in the number of cases of rabies in other species. Mouth lesions caused by the browsing of thorn-bush may be a contributory factor.
Animals↗
A survey of obstetric anaesthesia in the Republic of South Africa and South West Africa.
In this report we analyse the results of a questionaire sent to 341 hospitals throughout the Republic and South West Africa, asking for details of their caesarean section rate and obstetric anesthetic techniques used. Non-specialist practitioners provided 90% of anaesthetic services in the 131 (38,4%) hospitals from which replies were received. General anaesthesia was used in preference to regional anaesthesia in 90% of these hospitals. Of the institutions surveyed, 24% used neither stomach emptying nor antacid therapy pre-operatively. These and other results pertaining to their choice of anaesthetic agents and techniques are presented and discussed.
Anesthesia, Conduction↗
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in southern Africa. Recent additions to the SSPE Registry.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis can no longer be regarded as a rare disease in all parts of southern Africa. Information derived from a third postal survey added to that from our own experience in Cape Town has brought to light 116 cases; 61 of the patients came from the Cape Province, 40 from the Transvaal and the remaining 15 from the other regions. This unequal distribution and the high prevalence in the Coloured community are important factors in any attempt to understand the epidemiology and the pathogenesis of this serious complication of measles.
Adolescent↗
Isolation of Chlamydia spp. from ostriches (Struthio camelus) (short report).
Post mortem examination of ostrich chicks (Struthio camelus) originating from a flock with a high mortality rate is described. The main pathological lesions found, indicated colibacillosis which was further corroborated by the isolation of pure culture E. coli. Furthermore Chlamydia spp. was isolated for the first time from ostriches. A detailed isolation procedure is presented. The association of colibacillosis with Chlamydia and the latency of Chlamydia is discussed.
Animals↗
[The nutritional status of the Kung population (the Kalahari Desert)].
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Angola↗
DBP (vitamin D binding protein) and BF (properdin factor B) allele distribution in Namibian San and Khoi and in other South African populations.
The genetic polymorphism of vitamin D binding protein (DBP) and of properdin Factor B (BF) was determined in unrelated Namibian San and Khoi, and in South African Blacks, Caucasoids and Cape Coloureds. Alleles have been confirmed by segregation patterns in family studies. The DBP phenotypes were identified by isoelectric focusing on ultrathin polyacrylamide gels and the BF phenotypes were identified by electrophoresis on 1% agarose gels; both methods were followed by immunofixation. The DBP and BF allele frequencies for all population groups were found to be in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. DBP*1S and BF*S allele frequencies in the San, Khoi and Blacks were similar; their frequency was far lower than in Caucasoids. The frequencies of the DBP*1F and BF*F were also similar in the San, Khoi and Blacks; however, the allele frequency was much higher in these groups than in Caucasoids. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001).
Alleles↗
The distribution of plasminogen (PLG) polymorphism in the Namibian !Kung San and Kavango populations.
Genetic polymorphism of the PLG serum protein was examined in the Namibian !Kung San and Kavango (Bantu) populations by means of IEF technique. The two samples revealed very similar allele frequencies (!Kung San: PLG*A = 0.8351, PLG*B = 0.1649; Kavango: PLG*A = 0.8228, PLG*B = 0.1732 and PLG*M4 = 0.004). The Namibian distributions were within previously observed African PLG ranges. The effects of natural selection were also discussed.
Adult↗
Characterization of Leishmania aethiopica from rock hyrax, Procavia capensis trapped in Najran, Saudi Arabia.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. aethiopica is endemic in Ethiopia, Kenya and South-west Africa. In a previous paper, the present authors reported natural Leishmania species infection in two hyraxes, P. capensis. In this paper, an isolate from a rock hyrax. P. capensis (Pallas, 1766) was enzymatically characterized by demonstrating the mobilities of seven enzymes, to be identical with the reference strain of L. aethiopica.
Animals↗
A redescription of Cylicocyclus triramosus (Nematoda: Strongyloidea): a parasite of the zebra, Equus burchelli antiquorum.
Cylicocyclus triramosus, a rare species of Cyathostominae from the southern African Burchell's zebra (Equus burchelli antiquorum) is redescribed, and a neotype is proposed. The external leaf-crown of the species consists of 30 elements and the internal leaf-crown numerous small and clear elements. The buccal capsule is cylindrical, oval in cross section, and approximately 3 times as wide as deep. The thin walls of the buccal capsule taper anteriorly from a large ringlike, hoop-shaped thickening around the posterior margin. The dorsal gutter is nipple-shaped. The mouth collar is notched dorsally and ventrally. The dorsal ray of the copulatory bursa is slightly elongate and distinctly set off from the lateral lobes. The branches of the dorsal ray have auxiliary branches. Appendages of the genital cone consist of 2 separated, large, semilunar plates with finger-shaped processes on the margins. The vulva-to-anus distance is greater than the tail length. The species is most similar to Cylicocyclus radiatus. Cylicocyclus triramosus differs from all similar species in the presence of dorsal and ventral notches in its mouth collar. In addition, C. triramosus also has a distinctive form of male genital cone appendage. Cylicocyclus radiatus differs further from C. triramosus in lacking a dorsal gutter and having a more elongate dorsal ray and a female tail nearly equal in length to the vulva-to-anus distance.
Animals↗