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PubMed1976

[Antibiotic residues in organs and muscle tissues of broilers. I. Bacitracin, flavomycin, spiramycin and viriniamycin residues following administration of diets containing low levels of these antibiotics (author's transl)].

Two groups of broilers were fed two different feed mixtures. A feed containing a mixture of bacitracin, flavomycin, spiramycin and virginiamycin (20 ppm each) was administered to sixity broilers. Sixty other broilers were given a similar feed not containing any antibiotics. After slaughter, samples of kidney, liver and breast were examined for the presence of antibiotic residues. All samples were found to be negative for antibiotic residues. Four micro-organisms were used in performing the tests: Bacillus cereus Kiel, Bacillus subtilis 165, Bacillus subtilis BGA and Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1995

The uptake and release of molecular iodine by the skin: chemical and bactericidal evidence of residual effects caused by povidone-iodine preparations.

The residual effect of iodine-based disinfectants is caused by a dynamic back-diffusion which is the reverse of the absorption occurring during application. A very sensitive photometric method was used to measure the iodine flux of the back-diffusion after treating the skin with povidone-iodine preparations and Lugol's solution. After removal of the preparation the intensity of the iodine flux decreases with time and correlates with the amount of iodine being resorbed. The latter depends on the concentration of free molecular iodine of the preparation, the contact time and the thickness of the horny layer of the treated skin. With Lugol's solution (approximately 170 ppm free molecular iodine) iodine flux could be observed 12-24 h after an application of 20-60s, while with low-level povidone-iodine preparations (0.5-20 ppm free iodine) the measurable flux lasted only 0.5-1 h after an application time of 3 min. The bactericidal activity of the back-diffusing iodine from skin previously treated with a commercial povidone-iodine preparation was assayed by using an inoculation with Micrococcus luteus. This showed a logarithmic reduction of 0.4 in bacterial concentration. Since the skin was washed with soap for 1 min after application this bactericidal action reflected the residual effect of the back-diffusing iodine.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Well-defined insoluble primers for the enzymatic synthesis of oligo- and polynucleotides.

Two methods are described by which primer molecules like UpU and oligodeoxythymidylates can be coupled with high efficiency to an insoluble polymer, like hydroxypropylated Sephadex G-50, by one covalent linkage. In one procedure aliphatic dicarboxylic dichlorides (e.g. adipoyl dichloride) are used to serve as spacers of variable length and for anchoring the primer molecule UpU. The other method involves pU as an anchor for (pdT)3 and (pdT)6, which are coupled to the polymer using condensation reactions with 2,4,6-triisopropylphenylsulfonyl chloride. In both cases the homogeneous primer molecules are bound specifically to the polymer. The insoluble primers are tested for their priming efficiency using polynucleotide nucleotidyltransferase from Micrococcus luteus and DNA nucleotidylexotransferase from calf thymus. The primers and synthesized polynucleotides can be cleaved from the polymer under conditions which are not damaging to ribo- and deoxyribopolynucleotides.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Repair of pyrimidine dimers in radiation-sensitive mutants rad3, rad4, rad6 and rad9 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The ability to remove ultraviolet (UV)-induced pyrimidine dimers was examined in four radiation-sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The susceptibility of DNA from irradiated cells to nicking by either the T4 UV-endonuclease or an endonuclease activity found in crude extracts of Micrococcus luteus was used to measure the presence of dimers in DNA. The rad3 and rad4 mutants are shown to be defective in dimer excision whereas the rad6 and rad9 mutants are proficient in dimer excision.

Coliphages↗
PubMed1981

[Acinetobacter isolates from environmental sampling in hospitals (author's transl)].

By environmental culturing Acinetobacter could be isolated from human sources and wet sites as well as from air and dry surfaces. In variety "anitratus" strains from patients and hospital personal resistance against antibiotics and metal salts was more dominant than in other strains. Acinetobacter strains were more tolerant of dryness than E. coli but less than Micrococcus luteus. By repeated contacts Acinetobacteres could be recovered from contaminated surfaces of polyvinyl chloride in significantly higher numbers than from paving tile.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1976

Repair of ultraviolet light-induced damage in Micrococcus radiophilus, an extremely resistant microorganism.

Repair of ultraviolet radiation damage was examined in an extremely radioresistant organism, Micrococcus radiophilus. Measurement of the number of thymine-containing dimers formed as a function of ultraviolet dose suggests that the ability of this organism to withstand high doses of ultraviolet radiation (20,000 ergs/mm2) is not related to protective screening by pigments. M. radiophilus carries out a rapid excision of thymine dimers at doses of ultraviolet light up to 10,000 ergs/mm2. Synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid is reduced after irradiation, but after removal of photodamage the rate approaches that in unirradiated cells. A comparison is drawn with Micrococcus luteus and M. radiodurans. We conclude that the extremely high resistance to ultraviolet irradiation in M. radiophilus is at least partly due to the presence of an efficient excision repair system.

Cell-Free System↗
PubMed1980

Competitive fluorescence polarization study of the binding of 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis[(2-[(2-hydroxyethyl) amino] ethyl]amino] 9-10-anthracenedione to DNA.

The title compound is now undergoing Phase I clinical trials as an experimental antitumor agent. Fluorescent polarization was used to determine the extent of inhibition of the binding of acridine orange to DNA. Displacement of 50% of the acridine orange was achieved by 0.21 microM of the title compound, 0.32 microM daunorubicin, 0.41 microM doxorubicin, 0.61 microM dactinomycin, and 7.8 microM cis-platinum. Binding inhibition was essentially equivalent with natural DNAs (calf thymus and Micrococcus luteus) and synthetic polymers [poly d(A):d(T) and poly d(G):d(C)] of widely differing adenine plus thymidine content.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1986

Biological properties of Pyrularia thionin prepared from nuts of Pyrularia pubera.

Pyrularia thionin is a 47 amino acid basic peptide which resembles wheat purothionin and mistletoe viscotoxin. It is toxic to mice, with an LD50 of 1.5 mg/kg body weight and is cytotoxic to tumor and normal cells in culture, with ID50 values ranging from 0.62 to 17 micrograms/ml. Against seven bacterial species it was toxic only to Micrococcus luteus. The toxin did not protect mice against transplanted B16 melanoma, nor did it show any mitogenic activity with mouse spleen lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Production of inhibitors of lytic activity in the Micrococcaceae.

Eight Staphylococcus xylosus strains lacking lytic activity (LA) were found to excrete agar-diffusible factors inhibiting the LA of LA-positive strains of the same species. The same eight strains, when tested against LA-positive indicator strains from other species of Micrococcaceae, caused marked LA inhibition only of strains of S, saprophyticus and S. cohnii, both species closely related to S. xylosus. Micrococci and planococci, unlike staphylococci, do not normally show LA, yet Micrococcus lylae and M. sedentarius strains produced inhibitors effective against the LA of almost all the indicator strains, and planococci inhibited the LA of a few indicator strains. Micrococcus luteus strains caused LA inhibition of homologous indicators only, i.e. exceptional M. luteus strains exhibiting LA. Thus, a specific and a non-specific type of LA inhibition can be distinguished, and it is suggested that the apparent lack of LA might, in some instances, be explained by the simultaneous production of a specific inhibitor.

Bacteriolysis↗
PubMed1985

Antimicrobial effect of sugar osazones and anhydro sugars.

The antimicrobial effect of 14 sugar osazones and anhydro sugars was studied with model strains of Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus licheniformis, Escherichia coli and strains Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical material. The relationship between the structure of these compounds, their solubility in water and 1-octanol and antimicrobial effect was investigated.

Bacillus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

3'-Arylazido-beta-alanyl-2-azido ATP, a cross-linking photoaffinity label for F1ATPases.

The synthesis of the 3'-arylazido-2-azido ATP derivative 3'-O-(3-[N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)-amino]propionyl)2-azido-adenosine 5'-triphosphate (2,3'-DiN3ATP) is described. The bifunctional photoreactive ATP analog is characterized spectroscopically. Photoaffinity labeling of F1ATPase from Micrococcus luteus by this analog results in the inactivation of the enzyme and in the formation of higher molecular weight cross-links, composed of alpha- and beta-subunits.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1979

A method for the synthesis of oligonucleotide by single addition of 2'-O-(o-nitrobenzyl)nucleoside 5'-diphosphates using polynucleotide phosphorylase.

Two hexanucleotides A-U-G-U-G-A and C-A-A-U-U-G were synthesized from the chemically synthesized trimers C-A-A and A-U-G by addition of 2'-O-(o-nitrobenzyl)nucleoside diphosphates using polynucleotide phosphorylase isolated from either Escherichia coli or Micrococcus luteus. In each reaction the preference of the enzyme was tested. The o-nitrobenzyl group was removed after addition of the mononucleotide and the deblocked product was isolated by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex in high yields.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed2000

A survey on the microbiological changes during the manufacture of dry-cured lacón, a Spanish traditional meat product.

This article describes a microbiological study carried out on lacón, a dry-cured meat product made in the north-west of Spain from the fore extremity of pig. Using classical methods, aerobic mesophilic flora, salt-tolerant flora, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, moulds and yeasts were enumerated, some physicochemical parameters (pH, aw and moisture and NaCl contents) were determined and a representative number of isolates of the salt-tolerant flora (the main microbial group) were identified during the manufacture of five batches. All the microbial groups, with the exception of Enterobacteriaceae and enterococci, reached maximum counts both on the surface and in the interior of the pieces at the end of the post-salting stage and afterwards progressively dropped during the drying-ripening stage. Staphylococcus xylosus, Staph. saprophyticus, Staph. simulans, Staph. sciuri and Micrococcus luteus were the main species isolated throughout manufacturing. This study will significantly increase knowledge of the microbiology of cured meat products made from entire pieces.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

A transition state analog of lysozyme catalysis prepared from the bacterial cell wall tetrasaccharide.

Treatment of the cell wall tetrasaccharide GlcNAcbeta(1 leads to 4)-MurNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-GlcNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-MurNAc with alkali resulted in the formation of the unsaturated tetrasaccharide GlcNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-MurNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-GlcNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-delta2,3-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucoseen. The same compound was also formed by transglycosylation upon incubation of the unmodified tetrasaccharide with the unsaturated disaccharide GlcNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-delta2,3-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucoseen (Tipper, D. J. (1968) Biochemistry 7, 1441-1449) and hen egg white lysozyme. The unsaturated tetrasaccharide was further characterized by paper electrophoresis, amino sugar analysis, and NMR. From NMR analysis it is concluded that the delta2,3-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucoseen at the reducing end of the unsaturated tetrasaccharide has a half-chair conformation. This conformation is similar to the one proposed for the sugar at subsite D in the lysozyme-substrate complex in the transition state. Addition of the unsaturated tetrasaccharide to a solution of hen egg white lysozyme quenched the fluorescence of the enzyme and shifted the fluorescence maximum to the blue, similar to the effect produced by the parent compound. The association constant of the unsaturated tetrasaccharide and lysozyme was measured at pH 6.0 and 24 degrees by spectrofluorimetry and microcalorimetry and found to be 1.45 X 10(5) M-1 and 2.5 X 10(5) M-1, respectively. The average value is 100 times higher than that found for the binding of unmodified tetrasaccharide to the enzyme under the same conditions. The unsaturated tetrasaccharide proved to be a better inhibitor of the lysis of Micrococcus luteus cells than the parent compound by a factor of 35. These results support the hypothesis that the active site of the enzyme is constructed so as to bind the transition state for the reaction it catalyzes more firmly than the substrate itself.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Identification of bacteria isolated from an oligotrophic lake with pesticide removal capacities.

We studied the growth and capacities for pesticides removal of bacterial strains isolated from the Laguna Grande, an oligotrophic lake at the South of Spain (Archidona, Málaga). Strains were isolated from water samples amended with 10 and 50 microg/ml of nine pesticides: organochlorinated insecticides (aldrin and lindane), organophosphorous insecticides (dimetoate, methyl-parathion and methidation), s-triazine herbicides (simazine and atrazine), fungicide (captan) and diflubenzuron (1-(-4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl urea), a chitinase inhibitor. The majority of the strains belonged to the genera Pseudomonas and Aeromonas and only 9% of the total of strains were Gram positive. From all the strains isolated, only 22 showed a wide growth range in all the pesticides tested and 4 of them were chosen for pesticide removal studies. The genetic identification of these strains showed their affiliation to Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus sp. and Exiguobacterium aurantiacum. These last two strains were those that showed the highest pesticide removal capacities and a high bacterial growth.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1982

Species specificity of promoter recognition by RNA polymerase and its transfer by the sigma factor.

RNA polymerase holoenzyme from Micrococcus luteus synthesizes in vitro a run-off transcript of 85 nucleotides from a DNA fragment containing part of gene E of bacteriophage phi X174. This RNA starts with GTP as the 5' terminus 18 nucleotides downstream from the start of gene E on the viral (+)strand. Transcription does not occur when the fragment is cleaved 36 nucleotides upstream of the initiation site. No transcript is obtained with RNA polymerase core or holoenzyme from Escherichia coli. Other DNA fragments containing the three major E. coli promoters of phi X174 are transcribed by both enzymes although much less efficiently by M. luteus RNA polymerase. When subunit sigma in E. coli RNA polymerase is replaced by sigma from M. luteus the resulting hybrid enzyme actively transcribes the DNA fragment containing the inner region of gene D with formation of the same run-off transcript which is obtained with M. luteus holoenzyme. In the presence of sigma from E. coli this RNA is not synthesized. The hybrid enzyme also transcribes a DNA fragment containing the gene A promoter of phi X174 with even higher efficiency than RNA polymerase holoenzyme from E. coli.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1983

[Excision of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers from the DNA of Chinese hamster cells of the CHO line].

Using DNA sedimentation in alkaline sucrose gradients, the excision of pyrimidine dimers from DNA of CHO cells with the help of UV-endonuclease from Micrococcus luteus has been studied. A considerable proportion (approximately 80%) of pyrimidine dimers was shown to be excised within 26 hours, whereas during the initial 17 hours after the UV-fluence (4 J/M2) the excision was slight (approximately 15%).

Animals↗