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Results for “Medical Informatics Computing”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

An automated real time underwater weighing system.

Hydrodensitometry generally involves up to 10 trials as the subject becomes familiarized with the underwater weighing and breathing apparatus. The final result is usually an average obtained from trials with the highest underwater weights. This study describes a new underwater weighing system based on automated data acquisition and real time display of data during underwater weighing and in-tank residual volume measurement. Results are immediately available after each trial, making possible the use of percent body fat as the criterion for selecting trials for averaging. It is proposed that percent fat is a more logical choice than maximum underwater weight, because for the use of the latter to be valid, true residual volume must be accurately determined. Accuracy of percent body fat requires only that corresponding values of underwater weight and lung volume be known, without the necessity for the weight to be maximum or the volume truly residual. This also reduces the number of trials, which in this study averaged 4.3 +/- 1.0, because each trial was potentially useful regardless of the magnitude of the underwater weight.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

CD-ROM: a primer for physicians.

Compact disks with read-only memory (CD-ROM) are a powerful storage medium and are rapidly becoming standard equipment on personal computers. Each disk has the capacity to store 680 million bytes (megabytes or MB) of text, graphics, photographic images, audio, animation, and full-motion video. Many medical reference texts are currently available in CD-ROM format, with the advantage of improved search, retrieval, cross-referencing, and printing capabilities.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1993

Discrimination and reproducibility of an information maximizing multivariable model.

Predictor variables for multivariate rules are frequently selected by methods that maximize likelihood rather than information. We compared the discrimination and reproducibility of a prediction rule for pneumonia derived using extended dependency analysis (EDA), an information maximizing variable selection program, with that of a validated rule derived using logistic regression. Discrimination was measured by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and reproducibility by rederivation of the rule on 200 replicate samples of size 250 and 500, generated from a training cohort of 905 patients using Monte Carlo techniques. Four of the five predictor variables selected by EDA were identical to those selected by logistic regression. With each variable weighted by its conditional contribution to total information transmission, EDA discriminated pneumonia and nonpneumonia in the training cohort with an ROC area of 0.800 (vs 0.816 for logistic regression, p = 0.60), and in the validation cohort with an area of 0.822 (vs 0.821 for logistic regression, p = 0.98). EDA demonstrated reproducibility comparable to that of logistic regression according to most criteria for replicability. Replicate EDA models showed good discrimination in the training and testing cohorts, and met statistical criteria for validation (no significant difference in ROC areas at a one-tailed alpha level of 0.05) in 80.8% to 94.2% of cases. We conclude that extended dependency analysis selected the most important variables for predicting pneumonia, based on a validated logistic regression model. The information-theoretic model showed good discriminatory power, and demonstrated reproducibility according to clinically reasonable criteria. Information-theoretic variable selection by extended dependency analysis appears to be a reasonable basis for developing clinical prediction rules.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1993

Health-risk appraisal applied to ordinary AMHTS.

The main purpose of an automatic health testing system (AMHTS) has changed from early detection to primary prevention. Health-risk appraisal is now widely available as a tool of health education aiming at the modification of unhealthy lifestyles. However, the opportunity to offer appropriate health education was less frequent for those who had no particular findings during AMHTS. The results of an AMHTS should be evaluated from the viewpoint of health-risk appraisal, because the system is expected to supply useful information regarding one's lifestyle. Our system consists of two health-risk appraisal subsystems. One subsystem estimates the degree of improvement in medical indicators after a patient's lifestyle has been modified. The other subsystem predicts the occurrence of abnormal findings in medical indicators. These health-risk appraisal subsystems provide patients with information about their health-risks, based on their AMHTS results. Our health-risk appraisal subsystems should play an important role in future health education through the application of ordinary AMHTS.

Health Education↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A Brazilian issue.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Brazil↗
PubMed1996

An ontological perspective on surgical procedures.

We studied terminological phrases on surgical procedures-from coding systems, controlled vocabularies, textbooks, and medical records-by an ontological point of view. A surgical procedure can be accurately described only by a set of sentences, in textbooks or surgical reports; a terminological phrase is just a short synthesis of that description. We outline three points of view actually used to construct a phrase, based on i) relevant phases and variants; ii) focus on structures, functions and pathologies; iii) evolution of information and decisions during the process of care. For each of them we discuss potential principles and mechanisms, with the aim of deriving guidelines to generate homogeneous systematic names, to organize regularities in classifications and nomenclatures, to normalize expressions in formal languages.

Medical Informatics Computing↗
PubMed1996

Classification systems in nursing: formalizing nursing knowledge and implications for nursing information systems.

The development of nursing information systems (NIS) is often hampered by the fact that nursing lacks a unified nursing terminology and classification system. Currently there exist various initiatives in this area. We address the question as to how current initiatives in the development of nursing terminology and classification systems can contribute towards the development of NIS. First, the rationale behind the formalization of nursing knowledge is discussed. Next, using a framework for nursing information processing, the most important developments in the field of nursing on formalization, terminology and classification are critically reviewed. The initiatives discussed include nursing terminology projects in several countries, and the International Classification of Nursing Practice. Suggestions for further developments in the area are discussed. Finally, implications for NIS are presented, as well as the relationships of these components to other sections of an integrated computerized patient record.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed1997

Harnessing and controlling the information deluge.

A number of information management tools are available to assist the general practitioner to cope more readily with the deluge of information presented to them. These tools can also enable the practitioner to seek out relevant pieces of information in a timely fashion to assist with patient care.

Humans↗