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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Pseudodisaster: a case of mass hysteria involving 19 schoolchildren.

A case of mass hysteria involving 19 children has been presented. Our case demonstrated many of the common symptoms and vectors identified in the literature. No children were harmed, but significant health care dollars were spent ensuring their safety. Better education of child care personnel and preplanning by schools may reduce the frequency of this condition.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Payment and attendance at general practice preventive health examinations.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study's purpose was to determine how conditions of payment influence attendance at preventive health examinations. METHODS: A multi-practice study of 65 general practitioners (GPs) was conducted in two areas in the county of Aarhus, Denmark. The GPs invited 2,452 men aged 40-49 to a preventive health examination for coronary heart disease (CHD). The examination was free in one area but cost $40 in the other area. A risk profile was estimated, based on a summation of points for risk factors for CHD, including blood pressure, serum cholesterol, smoking behavior, body mass index, and family history of CHD. RESULTS: Attendance at the examinations was 37% in the required payment area and 66% in the free area. Of the total attenders, 13% had an increased risk of CHD. A slight but significant tendency, a lower risk for developing CHD, existed among attenders who paid for the examination. CONCLUSION: A requirement for payment for health examination leads to fewer patients obtaining examinations.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Charisma and attachment theory: a crossdisciplinary interpretation.

The attachment theory of Bowlby and his followers has not previously been applied to the interpretation of charismatic phenomena in the bonding of large numbers of people with their leaders in crisis. This essay, which builds on the author's 'Surviving trauma: loss, literature and psychoanalysis', attempts to use attachment theory and sociological concepts such as homogamy, anomie, negative imprinting and de-individuation, as well as classical Freudian concepts such as transference and splitting of the ego, in interpreting the charismatic bond. It is argued that charismatic homogamy becomes viable at the point of intersection between the inner world of the charismatic leader and social and political reality. The bonding of the individual and the public may be based partly upon a symbolic link between public crisis and the charismatic's experience of trauma that has deeply scarred or even ended the affectional bonds in his family of orientation. This trauma, however, is a source of insight and power as well as of disability, for it has schooled him in crisis and given him the capacity to offer directional leadership. The charismatic and his society are bonded in crisis through a mutual attempt to break free of anomie and alienation, and a sense of powerlessness and despair.

Defense Mechanisms↗
PubMed1996

Solitary fibrous tumor of the mesentery.

We report a solitary fibrous tumor of the abdominal cavityt that presented as a encapsulated mass attached to the mesentery in a 33-yr-old man. Histologically, the lesion showed a disorganized arrangement of spindle cells in a collagenous background and prominent vascular channels of varying size. Tumor cells showed immunohistochemical reactivity for vimentin only. Cytokeratins and CD34 were negative. This report further extends the anatomic range of solitary fibrous tumor, a neoplasm that must be included in the differential diagnosis of well-defined abdominal masses. The behavior of this mesenteric solitary fibrous tumor has been benign.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The dancing plague: a public health conundrum.

The phenomenon of mass, frenzied dancing affected large populations in various parts of Europe from the thirteenth century and lasted, on and off, for three centuries. The exact aetiology of the Dancing Plague (or Dancing Mania) is still unclear. Retrospective historical review of this public health problem reveals claims for causative factors including demonic possession, epilepsy, the bite of a tarantula, ergot poisoning and social adversity. It seems unlikely that Dancing Mania resulted from a single cause but rather resulted from multiple factors combining with a predisposing cultural background and triggered by adverse social circumstances. Dancing Mania remains one of the unresolved mysteries of public health.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1997

How groups work.

Almost all work is done in groups. Although groups all have the twin characteristics of striving to accomplish a common task and serving the needs of members, the variety of groups is enormous. Seventeen types of groups found in work settings are discussed. Norms and roles are also discussed because these are the rules for membership and the job descriptions which groups create and enforce for their own use.

Community Networks↗
PubMed1998

A critical review of the Pfiesteria hysteria hypothesis.

Mass hysteria or mass psychogenic illness is the spread of the belief of an illness (symptoms and the origins of the symptoms) through a population. The characteristics of mass psychogenic illness were reviewed and compared to the recent outbreak of human illness in the Pocomoke region in Maryland in the summer of 1997. The findings suggest that the nature of the symptoms complex--the onset and recovery course; the absence of secondary gain or job-related stress for most of the symptomatic persons; the predominance of males in the symptomatic group; and the baseline emotional stability of all persons examined--are inconsistent with the reported features of psychogenic illness in response to unknown environmental or chemical toxins. Although there may be individuals who exhibited hypochondriacal, hysterical, or other functionally based reactions, the recent outbreak of Pfiesteria-related illness probably does not represent an episode of mass psychogenic illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Risk factors for spirit possession among school girls in southern Thailand.

In September 1993, at a school in the south of Thailand, an outbreak of spirit possession suddenly afflicted 32 girls aged 9-14 years. A case-control study was done to investigate factors that predispose a child to spirit possession. Psychiatric evaluation was done on 32 cases and 34 matched controls. Parents were interviewed regarding the child's psychosocial history. Results of the study were as follows. Children with spirit possession were first-born and came from small families with 1-3 children. Compared with the controls their family life was characterized by more psychosocial stressors and there were significantly higher rates of psychiatric disorders, anxious and fearful character traits, histrionic character traits and history of recurrent trance states. The history of traumatic experiences and exposure to spirit possession ceremonies were more frequent in spirit-possessed children than in the control group but the difference was not significant. This study showed that being first-born from a small family, individual vulnerability especially psychiatric disorders, problematic character traits and dissociative tendency were significant risk factors in the development of possession states in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Traumatic asphyxia following stadium crowd surge: stadium factors affecting outcome.

BACKGROUND: Stadium crowd surges frequently occur following major athletic events. A recent crowd surge injured more than 80 persons by trampling and/or crushing. This incident was reviewed to identify injury patterns consistent with crush-related injury. In addition, the incident was reviewed to determine which stadium policy and design factors may have potentiated this event. METHODS: A recent crowd surge occurred following a college football game. This resulted in 86 people being transported to the University of Wisconsin and other area hospitals. All charts were reviewed to evaluate patient outcomes. The stadium was examined as were security system video tapes to evaluate stadium factors that contributed to this event. Current policies were obtained through the university sports administration. RESULTS: Of 86 patients transported for evaluation of stadium-related injuries, 10 were treated for traumatic asphyxia. Other injuries requiring hospital admission included musculo-skeletal trauma in two patients and one grade II liver injury. Six others were admitted overnight for observation. Several stadium factors were identified that contributed to the event, and appropriate changes in crowd control policies and stadium design were instated to prevent recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: This report details the largest single report of traumatic asphyxia second to the England Hillsborough disaster. Several stadium factors were identified that resulted in crush-related injury. Cooperative review and modification of stadium policies and design may prevent such events in the future.

Adolescent↗