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PubMed1988

Activation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase by a monosaccharide precursor of Escherichia coli lipid A.

The E. coli lipid A precursor lipid X (N2,O3-diacylglucosamine 1-phosphate) activates calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in a noncooperative, calcium-independent manner by increasing its Vmax and decreasing its Km for substrate. The glycolipid produces half-maximal activation at 11 micrograms/ml and does not further enhance activation by calcium-calmodulin. Lipid X activation of phosphodiesterase requires the presence of the O3-linked hydroxymyristoyl residue. These findings suggest that lipid X could produce some of its biological effects by modulating intracellular cAMP levels.

Calcineurin↗
PubMed1989

Interaction of vanadate with monosaccharides and nucleosides: a multinuclear NMR study.

Proton, 13C and 51V nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to study the interaction of vanadate with several molecules containing more than one hydroxyl group, including various aldoses and nucleosides. The aldoses D-mannose and D-ribose mainly form tridentate complexes, of trigonal bipyramidal geometry, with vanadate at pH 7. These sugars use three consecutive hydroxyl groups, cis to each other, of their pyranose forms to bind vanadate in those cyclic triesters. Other aldoses, like D-glucose, which do not have this unique structural characteristic, do not form tridentate complexes, but can form weaker bidentate cyclic diesters using two consecutive pyranose cis hydroxyl groups. Of course, the pyranose forms of D-mannose and D-ribose, as well as the furanose form of D-ribose, also yield cyclic diesters of vanadate. All these aldoses form weak monodentate noncyclic monoesters of tetrahedral geometry using a single hydroxyl group. The nucleosides uridine, cytidine and adenosine form two complexes of trigonal bipyramidal geometry with vanadate. In these complexes, having 1:1 and 2:1 ligand-to-metal stoichiometries, the nucleosides form cyclic diesters with vanadate using their C2, and C3, hydroxyl groups.

Adenosine↗