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PubMed1982

Being there: the effect of the user's presence on MEDLINE search results.

An evaluation was conducted at the University of Iowa Health Sciences Library to determine what effect the user's presence had on MEDLINE search results. One hundred users participated over a four-month period. Three main criteria were used: search precision, search recall, and user satisfaction. Each MEDLINE search was processed twice, once prior to the user's arrival and a second time during the scheduled appointment with the user. The two searches for each user were processed by different searchers, and four searchers alternated processing the user-absent or the user-present search. Users were asked to compare the citations on the two searchers by checking each printout for relevant citations. A short questionnaire was administered to determine general information about users and satisfaction measures for each search. The extensiveness of the interview for the user-absent search was varied in order to determine if the depth of the initial interview would affect the search results. Evaluation of the findings indicated an increase in precision, recall, and user satisfaction for the user-present search. Some difficulties in designing the experiment are discussed and implications of the evaluation results are considered.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1982

Hiring drug information personnel.

An analysis of the functions performed at a drug information center (DIC) is described as the basis for hiring personnel. A functional job analysis demonstrated a division in the duties of DIC personnel. The workload demanded a drug literature specialist (DLS) to access, store, and retrieve drug information, and a practitioner in drug information (PDI) to analyze this information and make the appropriate clinical judgements. The DIC hired a DLS with a background in library science and experience with computer searching techniques to work with the PDI. It is suggested that the combination of a qualified librarian and a drug information pharmacist can provide the DIC with the optimal personnel. The analysis was a valuable tool in selecting personnel who possess the appropriate skills, job understanding, attitude, and innovative abilities.

Computers↗
PubMed1978

Fees for information services to hospitals: a California experience.

The project was directed toward planning, developing, and implementing a subregional biomedical information network among the forty-three health care facilities (hospitals) of the four-county area served by Loma Linda University's health sciences library. The project coordinator contacted administrators and health care professionals in the forty-three institutions to present a plan for the network. The health care facilities were encouraged to support the continuation of the network through contract fees. The availability of specific information services was assured through contractual agreements. It was anticipated that the subregional network would be self-supporting after the twelve-month project period (December 1, 1976-November 30, 1977). The working territory (40,429 square miles) encompassed Mono, Inyo, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties. The project resulted in nine of the forty-three hospitals signing annual contracts for library services. It is recommended that projects of this kind extend beyond a year's duration in order to educate health professionals concerning the value of access to biomedical literature in improving patient care.

California↗
PubMed1981

The limits of the comprehensible: reflections on medical librarianship.

The current state of the health sciences library field is explored with emphasis on how changes in perspective and approach may be instituted. Special attention is paid to the attitudes and skills of the individual librarian as related to institutions and organizations.

Libraries, Medical↗
PubMed1980

The librarian's life, scholarship and librarianship.

Librarians must be more than custodians of the record or merely managers of information services if they are to understand their role and to participate in the life of scholarship. There are many approaches to this understanding including the historical, the social, the psychological and the epistemological. It can also be sought through a study of the sociology of knowledge and a study of the ways in which changes in communication technology in writing and printing have impacted on scholarship in the past. This may also provide us with the means of preparing for the impact of new computer technology on the scholarship of the future.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1995

The virtual hospital. Providing multimedia decision support tools via the Internet.

Physicians in the clinical setting remain isolated from important sources of medical information. The authors have created a multimedia database known as The Virtual Hospital that improves access to current medical data, which is used to improve patient care decisions. The Virtual Hospital is a digital health sciences library stored on a server (computer) at The University of Iowa and delivered via the Internet to inexpensive personal computers in the workplace. The emerging standard of the World Wide Web is used to provide cross-platform distribution.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1995

Testing Orr's document delivery test on biomedical journals in South Africa.

This paper describes the use of a document delivery test (DDT) to measure the availability of biomedical research journals in South African health sciences libraries. The methodology employed was developed twenty years ago by a team of researchers from the Institute for the Advancement of Medical Communication under the direction of R. H. Orr. The testing of the methodology was in itself an objective of the present research. A citation pool consisting of 307 items was constructed from references to journal articles in papers published in 1989 by South African biomedical researchers. The availability of each article was determined at each of seven medical library sites; the performance was measured and presented as an arithmetical value or document delivery capability index (CI). The results of the tests show a high level of availability, ranging from CI = 81.68 to CI = 92.97 for the journals sampled. The DDT methodology was found to be practical, applicable to such studies, and flexible. Its use is recommended for similar studies.

Information Systems↗
PubMed1994

CPMCnet: an integrated information and internet resource.

The Network and Computer Systems department of the Health Sciences Library developed CPMCnet, an UNIX-based information and Internet server at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center. The project linked Gopher and World-Wide Web protocols as well as clients into an integrated application, providing the advantages of both. Development and use of CPMCnet has opened new channels of communication among information providers and end-users.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1994

Electronic document delivery using the Internet.

The Health Sciences Libraries Consortium (HSLC) was established in 1985 by thirteen founding member institutions in Pennsylvania and Delaware. In 1989, the Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery, and Union List Task Force, appointed by the HSLC Board of Directors, successfully demonstrated the feasibility of supplying 94% of all interlibrary loan (ILL) photocopy requests in forty-eight hours or less by a network application of group 3-level memory telefacsimiles. However, the expenses associated with the telefacsimile operation and the limitations associated with network polling protocols challenged participants to seek new alternatives for ILL. In 1990, the HSLC introduced HSLC HealthNET, an online wide-area network linking eleven of the thirteen institutions and their resources while providing access to the Internet. The HSLC HealthNET additionally supports a centralized shared library system, several locally mounted databases, and consortiumwide electronic mail. In 1991, a project was initiated to evaluate Ariel software, pioneered by the Research Libraries Group (RLG), compared to the existing network application of group 3-level telefacsimiles. Factors identified as critical to Ariel's potential to replace the telefacsimile network were the proprietary software specifications for Internet access, the use of HSLC's existing wide-area network (WAN), and a hardware platform that was optimal for an ILL environment. This article describes the Ariel project history, the transition to Ariel from the telefacsimile network, evaluation of equipment features for processing efficiency, and operational issues affecting ILL policy.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1994

Legal considerations for document delivery services.

Health sciences libraries that provide fee-based information services must consider and develop policies and procedures for complying with legal requirements. This paper reviews the provisions of copyright law that pertain to document delivery, including two court decisions concerning copyright. Also discussed are recent actions by publishers to reinforce their view of libraries' responsibilities for royalty fees for articles copied and their use of licenses to impose additional restrictions on the use of and reproduction of materials.

Copyright↗
PubMed1993

Beyond the classroom: self-direction in professional learning.

Against the backdrop of a rapidly changing profession, the context for professional thinking among medical librarians is changing. Competent performance increasingly is linked with the educational efforts of self-directed adult learners. This paper examines strategies that facilitate self-direction, including skills development, organizational learning, learner-based decision making, and alternative teaching models. The analysis provides the basis for a recommended agenda for redesign and development of educational programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Use of group 3-level memory telefacsimiles for enhanced interlibrary loan, part II: Network application.

The Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery, and Union List Task Force of the Health Sciences Libraries Consortium (HSLC) accepted the charge of maximizing use of the advanced features of group 3-level memory telefacsimiles. A pilot project was initiated to address the task force's recommendation to the HSLC Board that all nonrush interlibrary loan (ILL) documents be transmitted to participants within forty-eight hours of request receipt. This paper describes the project, which tests a network application for unattended, overnight transmission of documents. In determining whether this technology could be used as the primary medium for ILL of photocopies, the following criteria were used: the percentage of ILL requests filled by telefacsimile; the speed, quality, and reliability of service; and the impact of telefacsimile on document delivery costs. The article discusses the project history, optimal use of equipment features for library applications, full-scale implementation, and operational issues that affect ILL policy.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1996

Library instruction in the medical school curriculum: a survey of medical college libraries.

Future physicians must learn to cope with continuing changes in access to medical information. New instructional techniques, such as problem-based learning, emphasize the importance of research skills to medical students. To investigate the feasibility of establishing library instruction as a required part of the East Tennessee State University College of Medicine curriculum for undergraduates, the university's medical library surveyed 123 medical school libraries to determine the level of instruction offered by other academic medical libraries. The survey asked whether formal instruction was offered or required, and which courses were taught at each level of undergraduate training. Analysis of the fifty-five responses revealed that 75% offered formal library instruction, and that 49% of these respondents (36% of the total sample) required all students to take such courses. The courses offered most often were library tours, online catalog instruction, and MEDLINE-on-CD-ROM classes. Overall, thirty-three different course titles were offered by responding libraries. The majority of classes involved second- and third-year students. The survey responses reveal the prevalence of required library instruction in medical school curricula, and a broad-scale commitment to the development of lifelong learning skills among future health professionals.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1977

The circuit rider librarian.

Many hospitals are unable to maintain a full-or even half-time professional librarian to support the professional and nonprofessional hospital staff, and to assist with the development of education programs. To answer this need, the Cleveland Health Sciences Library has developed the "circuit rider librarian" concept. A designated librarian from the staff visits a group of hospitals and, for a fee, provides library service which the hospital could not or would not readily supply for itself. The only limitations on the expansion of such a program are the interest of the hospitals, their geographic proximity to each other and to the resource library, and the ability of the latter to handle the increased demand.

Economics, Hospital↗