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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Diagnosis of a toxic liver lesion based on spermiographic changes].

8% of andrological patients are exposed to harmful substances at work. Testicular function can be impaired by mechanical and thermic irritation, but, above all, many chemical substances have a detrimental effect on spermatogenesis. A case is presented of a 23 year-old painter who showed a significant rapid decrease in sperm quality in spite of a course of treatment with mesterolone. The toxic agents were nitro lacquer thinners and resin dispersions, which had caused toxic liver damage, as seen from the raised liver enzyme activities. The elimination of the noxious substances resulted in a normalization of liver enzyme activities and a restitution of fertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Survival of anthrax spores on surfaces (author's transl)].

The survival of spores of Bac. anthracis on the surfaces of wood, resopal, aluminum, teflon, PVC, lacquered sheet metal and ceramics was investigated during a period of 987 days. Two figures are showing the logarithmical reduction rates of germ counts on these materials. The lowest reduction rates were found on wood, the highest on ceramics. On dark surfaces the reduction rate was not as high as on light ones. The increase of relative humidity from 35% to 45% seems to enforce th inactivation of the spores of Bac. anthracis.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1981

Ethoxyethanol behavioral teratology in rats.

2-ethoxyethanol, a solvent developed for nitrocellulose and also used in lacquers, dyes, varnish removers, and in numerous industrial processes, was evaluated for possible functional effects in offspring of rats exposed during gestation. A dose finding study revealed that no offspring survived inhalation exposure (7 hours/day) from gestation days 7-13 or 14-20 at 900 ppm, and there were approximately 34 percent neonatal deaths even after prenatal exposure to 200 ppm-the current Federal occupational standard. Consequently, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 100 ppm ethoxyethanol for 7 hours/day on gestation days 7-13 or 14-20. The only effect observed in the mothers was slightly prolonged gestation in he mothers exposed on days 14-20 of gestation (p less than .001). Behavioral testing of offspring from dams exposed to ethoxyethanol on gestation days 7-13 revealed: (a) impaired performance on a rotorod test of neuromuscular ability (p = .002); (b) prolonged latency of leaving the start area of an open field (p = .009); and (c) marginal superiority in avoidance conditioning begun on day 34 of age (p = 061). Offspring from dams exposed to ethoxyethanol on gestation days 14-20: (a) were less active than controls in a running wheel (p = 0.32), and (b) received an increased number and duration of shocks in avoidance conditioning begun on day 60 of age (p = .004). Neurochemical evaluation of whole-brain samples from newborn pups revealed significantly decreased levels of norepinephrine in offspring from both exposure periods (p less than .01). In regional analyses of brains from 21-day-old offspring of dams exposed to 100 ppm ethoxyethanol on gestation days 7-13, the cerebrum had significant elevations in acetylcholine (p less than .01), norepinephrine ( p less than .01), and dopamine (p less than .05), the cerebellum had nearly a 3-fold increase in acetylcholine (p less than .01); the brainstem had an increase in norepinephrine (p less than 0.01); and the midbrain had excesses of acetylcholine (p less than .01), norepinephrine (p less than .05) and protein (p less than .05). In brains from 21-day-old offspring of dams exposed to ethoxyethanol on gestation days 14-20, the cerebrum had significant elevations in acetylcholine, dopamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (p less than .05). Overall, the results indicate that there are behavioral and neurochemical alterations in offspring of rats following prenatal exposure to 100 ppm ethoxyethanol.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Express method of laboratory study of the outgassing of thermostable plastics and rubbers].

Time-temperature dependence of concentrations of outgasing products of polymers and rubbers was studied. Applying the principle of time-temperature equilibrium, the exposure time for a laboratory rapid study of polymers at 100 degrees C was estimated to be 1 hr for enamels, lacquers and dyes, 1.5 hr for block and sheet polymers, 2.5 hr for sealants and rubbers, and 4 hr for textile materials, measured from the time when the preassigned temperature was achieved. The rapid method can be recommended for preliminary chemical study of polymers at the stage of their laboratory testing.

Construction Materials↗
PubMed1995

White matter changes caused by chronic solvent abuse.

PURPOSE: To examine the brain damage of solvent abusers in Japan, where pure industrial toluene is frequently abused. METHODS: Twenty solvent abusers 17 to 33 years of age with 7.2 +/- 4.0 years of abuse were examined with a 1.5-T MR imaging system. RESULTS: White matter hyperintensities in cerebrum, brain stem, and cerebellum on T2-weighted images were found in seven cases. The extent of white matter change was most clearly shown on proton density-weighted images. The patients with restricted white matter change and intermediate white matter change showed white matter hyperintensities in the brain stem and cerebellum on T2-weighted images, in some cases, with additional hypointensities in the corresponding T1-weighted images. These patients had mainly abused pure toluene. The patients with diffuse white matter change showed obvious brain atrophy, including hippocampal atrophy and thinning of the corpus callosum. These patients had mainly abused lacquer thinner. CONCLUSION: There are some patients with restricted but severe enough change to cause the neurologic symptoms in specific regions, such as the brain stem and/or cerebellum, before the brain atrophy becomes apparent. This suggests that the restricted white matter change represents not only an early change of diffuse white matter change, but at least in some cases also represents a qualitatively different change than that of diffuse white matter change. We suggest that pure toluene has a possible relation to this qualitative difference.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Early lesion of choroidal neovascularization. 2. Early lesion of choroidal neovascularization in pathological myopia].

We describe early features of choroidal neovascularization in 50 pathologically myopic eyes. The eyes were classified into three categories on the basis of degree of myopic chorioretinal degeneration in the posterior pole: mild diffuse atrophy, severe diffuse atrophy and focal atrophy. Choroidal neovascular membranes (CNMs) were grouped into a minimally leaking type and a markedly leaking type in fluorescein angiographic patterns. CNMs were more frequently associated with the mild diffuse atrophy than with the other atrophies. Of the markedly leaking CNMs, 83% were seen in eyes with mild myopic chorioretinal degeneration and 78.5% of the minimal leaking CNMs were found in eyes with severe myopic chorioretinal degeneration. In association with CNMs, lacquer crack and the granular hypofluorescein lesions were observed in 72% and 40%, respectively. The visual acuity deteriorated in all of the 14 eyes which could be followed up more than 1 year.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[An infrared spectrophotometric method for determining acetone in the air of a work area in the presence of other solvents].

The acetone is used on a large scale in practice as solvent of nitro-cellulose and acetyl-cellulose paints and lacquer, rubber and resins. A spectrophotometric method in the infrared area for direct determination of gas phase of acetone is developed by means of 20 m.gas cuvette. The determination is performed in the specific for the acetone peaks at 1216 cm-1 and 1737 cm-1. With the method could be determined the acetone concentrations of 10 mg/m3 to 2000 mg/m3. For this purpose are worked out different standard scales of the acetone at various length of the gas cuvette. The method is specific in the presence of the most frequently used organic solvents--toluol, ethanol, butanol, mineral turpentine and cyclohexan. Ketones only stand in the way of determination.

Acetone↗
PubMed1994

[The chemical working environment among car painters in Bergen].

Official guidelines have been prepared for the working environment in Norwegian spraylacquering garages, in order to reduce the incidence of symptoms and diseases related to exposure to organic solvents. 11 garages were visited to see if the guidelines were being followed. All the sprayers (n = 28) were examined by questionnaire about the occurrence of acute symptoms connected to the central nervous system, the skin, the eyes and the airways during work, and about their use of personal protective equipment. All the garages had specially ventilated rooms for the lacquering procedure, and all the workers used personal respiratory protective equipment. The sprayers did not report more acute symptoms than a control group of office workers employed in the same companies.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1994

Prevention of root caries with dentin adhesives.

This in vitro investigation determined the feasibility of using dentin adhesives to protect root surfaces against caries. The roots of 22 recently extracted human teeth were all painted with a protective lacquer leaving two unprotected small windows. On each specimen, one window (control) was left untreated and the other window (experimental) was treated using a dentin adhesive (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose). The roots were then immersed in an in vitro acetate/calcium/phosphate demineralization model at pH 4.3. After 70 days, the samples were removed and sectioned through the windows. The undecalcified ground sections were examined under transmitted and polarized light. Lesions characteristic of natural root caries were seen in the untreated control windows. No such lesions were apparent in the experimental windows. The results of this preliminary study suggest that dentin adhesives may provide protection against root caries.

Dentin-Bonding Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The results of comprehensive caries prophylaxis in children under endemic goiter conditions].

Caries prevention was carried out in 800 children aged under 7 living in regions endemic for goiter. The complex of preventive measures included natrium fluoratum tablets (Polfa, Poland), a combination of fluoride lacquer with 3% remodent, Azerbaijan black tea tincture with F, 10 mg/l, all of these combined with antistrumin, an iodine-containing drug. Clinical data, enamel acid solubility values, data of microbiologic examinations of dental deposit, status of natural antibacterial defense of tissues and organs of the oral cavity demonstrated a high caries-preventive efficacy of the measures taken. A high caries-preventing efficacy of tea preparations has been revealed, their antibacterial properties among other things.

Azerbaijan↗
PubMed1993

The byssus of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha. II: Structure and polymorphism of byssal polyphenolic protein families.

The byssus of the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha is the key element of its adhesive strategy. It consists of a bundle of threads tipped by adhesive plaques and attached to the mussel at the base of its byssal-synthesizing organ, the foot. Two polyphenolic protein precursors of the byssus have been purified from the foot. These precursors, Dpfp-1 and Dpfp-2 (Dreissena polymorpha foot protein), with apparent M(r) values of 76 and 26 K, respectively, contain 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) integrated into their primary sequence, but differ from previously characterized polyphenolic proteins from marine mussels. The related quagga mussel (Dreissena spp.?) has homologous proteins with significantly different compositions. The zebra mussel DOPA proteins are tandemly repetitive with unique oligopeptide motif sequences, contain tryptophan, and are O-glycosylated primarily on threonine residues. Galactosamine was the only carbohydrate detected after hydrolysis. Dpfp-1 constitutes a polymorphic family of polypeptides with, unusually, an acidic range of pI values between 5.3 and 6.5. The detection of carbohydrate in the thread and in the juncture between thread and plaque suggests that these two proteins are localized in those regions where they may function as lacquers or structural elements.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

The effect of cigarette smoking on the indexes of immunity and acute phase reaction in subjects with occupational exposure to organic solvents.

The study was carried out in 156 men, including 49 nonsmokers and 47 smokers who had never been exposed to chemicals, 19 nonsmokers exposed to organic solvents, and 41 smokers exposed to organic solvents. The results of toxicological analysis of air in the working place carried out in the range depending on the type of solvents used in the process of lacquering of steel cans and on the data obtained from the producer showed that the solvents contained benzene, toluene, xylene and their derivatives partly hydrogenated, paraffin hydrocarbons, oleins, naphthenes (components of painter's naphtha), monohydric and polyhydric alcohols (butanol, cyclohexanol, butyloglycol), esters (ethylglycol acetate, butyl acetate) and ketones (methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone). Measured benzene concentrations varied from 0 to 370 mg x m-3 (0 to 116 ppm), with arithmetic mean annual averages of about 100 mg x m-3 (31 ppm) in the late 1960's and less than 50 mg x m-3 (16 ppm) in the 1970's. In the 1980's values for the TWA were 0-38 mg x m-3 (0-12 ppm) with arithmetic mean averages of about 19 mg x m-3 (6 ppm) and for the level of benzene 0-351 mg x m-3 (0-110 ppm), with arithmetic mean annual averages of about 48 mg x m-3 (15 ppm). Phenol concentration in the urine of the workers in groups was 7.9 +/- 3.5; 10.0 +/- 5.8; 16.8 +/- 6.2 and 18.4 +/- 9.7 mg x 1(-1) respectively. Hippuric acid concentration in the urine of the workers in groups was 496 +/- 326, 538 +/- 341, 982 +/- 420 and 1107 +/- 507 mg x 1(-1) respectively. The parameters of immunity and proteins acute phase reaction were determined, measuring the count of T, B, and "non-T, non-B" circulating lymphocytes, the concentration of immunoglobulins, lysozyme, C3c, C4, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobulin and ceruloplasmin in serum. The results of the presented study suggest the role of cigarette smoking as a co-factor in the immunological changes brought out by occupational exposure to organic solvents. This phenomenon is reflected in the changes of IgA, IgD, IgG, IgM and lysozyme in the serum, and number of circulating T cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Severe myopia or myopia-disease?].

An increased axial length over 26 mm is one of the characteristics of highly myopic eyes. High myopia represents a marked type of the refraction disorders in which distance vision is impaired and leads to wear glasses in childhood. But this high myopia is also a degenerative myopia due to the distension of the whole envelopes of the ocular bulb mainly at the posterior part of it. Prevalence of high myopia in the general population ranges from 1 to 4%. The disease is usually inherited and transmitted in a dominant fashion. Degenerative myopic eyes are potentially blind eyes due to many complications occurring during lifetime at the choroidal or retinal level. Vision threatening retinal detachments are frequent and severe, and are sometimes related to a macular hole. Other diseases including glaucoma and cataract are more frequently encountered in those eyes but may be managed with higher success. Specific oculo-motor disturbances and strabismus are also encountered. At present, the main risk threatening central vision is macular disease with lacquer cracks and hemorrhages associated with subretinal new vessels growth. Only laser photocoagulation can halt the progression of the disease and avoid or delay severe loss of central vision.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Gold plating on spectacle frames.

An investigation was carried out into the thickness and standard of application of the plating and lacquer coatings applied to three metal spectacle frames. All conform to BS 6625 (1991) for plating thickness, but there was considerable variation in regularity and porosity.

Electroplating↗
PubMed1997

[Posterior scleral reinforcement surgery].

UNLABELLED: Scleral reinforcement is proposed to stabilize the visual acuity in patients with macular myopic staphyloma. Although many patients have been treated, this procedure is still debated. PURPOSE: Evaluation of the feasibility of scleral reinforcement and the operative risk of this procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were eligible for this prospective study patients with a clinical history of visual loss, staphyloma concerning the macular area associated with atrophic lesion and or lacquer cracks. Sixteen eyes in 13 successive patients have been operated on with a single band of PTFE. RESULTS: At the last examination, visual acuity was unchanged for 14 cases. In one case, an improvement of the vision was related to the disappearing of a macular detachment by shortening of the axial length. In one case, vision decline was associated with inadequate band position. Diplopia occurred in 2 cases. A choroidal detachment, and a vitreous haemorrhage disappeared without sequelae. CONCLUSION: An accurate technique is necessary to avoid operative risk. Further long term studies are needed to assess the benefit of scleral reinforcement.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Environmental restoration of a TiO2 plant.

Titanium dioxide is a brilliant white, nontoxic pigment. It is used worldwide to obtain vivid whites, clean tints, and brillant colors in paints, lacquers, printing inks, plastics, rubber, floorings, paper, fibers, cosmetics, vitreous applications, and other industries. It can be produced through two industrial routes: the sulfate or the chloride process. Whatever production route is used, it produces effluents during the process. In the past, such effluents were freely discharged into the environment (air, water, land) without special care. Today, environmental legislation requires specific treatments and sets strict limits, often differing from country to country. We present a case of a TiO2 plant, located in central Italy (Tuscany), where several steps have been taken during the last 20 years concerning the effluent treatment to become one of the more advanced examples of total treatment in the TiO2 industry worldwide. Details are presented concerning the treatment systems for gaseous, liquid, and solids effluents.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed1997

[Fluorides in group prophylaxis].

In most of the industrialised countries there has been a decline in the incidence of dental caries during the past few years largely due to the use of fluorides. For many years now, fluorides have taken root both in private homes and on a professional basis. Side effects caused by them are mostly due to chronic overdosage producing whitish stains in the dental enamel, but in Germany such stains are rare and by no means severe. Application of fluorides within the overall framework of group prophylaxis can be practised in Germany only with the written consent of parents or guardians. Various systems are being used in this country, either brushing with highly concentrated fluoride jelly or applying fluoride lacquer. Considering the present prevalence of dental caries in Germany, it can be expected that group prophylaxis with fluorides would further reduce the incidence. Realisation of correspondingly more intensive prevention programmes must be planned on the spot. Dentists should supervise and instruct trained dental staff in the application of fluorides in group prophylaxis.

Adolescent↗