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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Clinical and parasitological studies on malaria in Liberian adults living under intense malaria transmission.

Occurrence of fevers and chills, headaches and body and joint pains, and body temperature and malaria parasitaemias were recorded monthly for a year for 121 Liberian adults. There was no apparent correlation between any of the symptoms and the presence or density of blood parasites; it was therefore not possible to define a case of clinical malaria in the study population, which was probably highly immune to infection. Only a few people with patent blood infections had elevated blood temperatures and these were below 37.5 degrees C. Malaria prevalence and levels of parasitaemia declined with age and indicated that immunity continues to develop well into adult age. The data did not support the view that adults experience symptoms at lower parasitaemias than children. Pregnant and non-pregnant women had similar levels of symptoms, but high levels of parasitaemia were found more frequently in the pregnant group.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Morphometric characterization of members of the Simulium damnosum Theobald complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) from East and West Africa.

Morphometric multivariate analyses were carried out in order to separate the females of the closely related anthropophilic and non-anthropophilic members of the Simulium damnosum s.l. complex occurring in western Uganda. Simulium kilibanum (= 'Nyamagasani'), 'Nkusi', 'Sebwe' and S. pandanophilum were compared with the West African S. damnosum subcomplex, S. soubrense and S. yahense to correlate the results with those of previous studies. Simulium pandanophilum could be clearly discriminated. However, only 72%-88% of identifications among the closely related S. kilibanum, 'Sebwe' and 'Nkusi', which all belong to the 'Sanje' subcomplex, were correct. The two forest species S. soubrense and S. yahense slightly overlapped but were distinct from all others.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immaculate conceptions in sub-saharan Africa: exploratory analysis of inconsistencies in the timing of first sexual intercourse and first birth.

Survey data from a number of developing countries show that a considerable proportion of parous women report that they had their first birth one or more years before they first had sexual intercourse. In this paper, I use data from eight African Demographic and Health Surveys to explore factors that contribute to cross-national differentials in the prevalence of these "immaculate conceptions." The results suggest that this data problem results not only from recall errors, but also from the fact that some respondents misinterpret the question on first sexual intercourse and report their age at the onset of intercourse with either their first or current husband rather than their age at sexual initiation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The expression pattern of hepatitis B e antigen and antibody in different ethnic and clinical groups of hepatitis B surface antigen carriers.

The presence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and its antibody (anti-HBe) was studied in 249 asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) of different ethnic origin and clinical course. Among male homosexuals, renal transplant recipients, and hemodialysis patients, > 90% were HBeAg-positive. In contrast, anti-HBe was present in > 85% of HBsAg-positive Danish pregnant women and blood donors. In presumably immunologically intact persons, significantly elevated levels of transaminases were found in the HBeAg-positive group as compared with the anti-BHe group (P < 0.0001). Among persons with Down's syndrome, males showed a tendency toward clearing of HBeAg and development of anti-BHe as compared with females. In Eskimos a correlation was found between presence of hepatitis B e markers, age of the HBsAg carrier, and geographic origin of the carrier. A similar age relationship was found in Vietnamese refugees. It is proposed that in the general population a correlation may exist between the prevalence of HBsAg carriers and the percentage of HBeAg-positive HBsAg carriers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The culture of female circumcision.

The issue of female circumcision takes on special significance as more women migrate to the United States from countries where the practice has religious and traditional underpinnings. Female circumcision is a problem unfamiliar to most Western health care practitioners. This article describes an ethnographic study of the types of female circumcision, the reasons for and against the practice, the health implications of this practice, and cultural attitudes of circumcised women both in Western Africa and as migrant refugees living in the United States. Ethical dilemmas in dealing with this practice and implications for nurses and health care providers are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

A world apart.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Diarrhea, Infantile↗
PubMed2005

Malaria among refugee children at arrival in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Malaria infects >70% of children at any given time in highly disease-endemic areas, such as parts of West Africa. Many infected children are asymptomatic. There are no published data regarding the prevalence of malaria among refugee children arriving in the United States from highly disease-endemic areas. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of malaria among asymptomatic children from West Africa. METHODS: A retrospective chart review for Liberian refugee children arriving in the United States was conducted from 1997 to 2000. RESULTS: Fifty-seven charts were reviewed. There were 28 (64%) positive thick and thin blood smears among the 44 children who had malaria smears performed during refugee medical screening examinations. There were 3 children who had been treated recently for malaria. An additional 3 children had splenomegaly and were treated for presumed malaria. Overall, the prevalence rate was 60% (34 of 57 cases). No sign or symptom, singly or in combination, was sufficient to predict the presence or absence of malaria. However, splenomegaly, fever and thrombocytopenia were highly specific for malaria and should alert clinicians to the likelihood of the diagnosis. Twenty-nine percent of children with malaria were asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that refugee children arriving from West Africa have a significant burden of malaria. It is recommended that children who arrive in the United States as refugees from West Africa be subjected to a thorough physical examination, complete blood count and malaria blood smear.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2006

Mazzotti reaction after presumptive treatment for schistosomiasis and strongyloidiasis in a Liberian refugee.

We report a case of the Mazzotti reaction in a 13-year-old Liberian refugee after presumptive treatment of schistosomiasis and strongyloidiasis with ivermectin, praziquantel and albendazole. The patient was hospitalized with fever, urticaria, abdominal pain and angioedema. Twelve hours after treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone he had complete resolution of his symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Thinking ahead about reproductive health: contingency planning and emergency preparedness in crisis situations (Iraq and West Africa).

The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) coordinated efforts to integrate RH into contingency planning for the 2003 Iraq crisis and the 2003 regional response for displaced populations in West Africa. Using UNFPA's network of country offices in the Middle East, staff developed logistics plans, conducted workshops and pre-positioned RH supplies. Though refugee movements did not occur, the contingency planning enhanced the response capacity of UNFPA offices and made it possible to rapidly provide assistance inside Iraq. In West Africa, multi-country workshops and follow-up resulted in country-level and regional action plans useful during the renewed crises of 2003; scarce funding, however, limited their full implementation. UNFPA's experiences show that contingency planning requires committing resources for crises, some of which will not occur; new staff skills; and follow-up. Moreover, RH is considered by some to be additional to the core elements of contingency planning. RH's political sensitivity, particularly with certain donors, further complicated integrated planning.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed1999

Stories of growing up amid violence by refugee children of war and children of battered women living in Canada.

PURPOSE: To explore how two groups of children who grew up amid violence "make sense" of their experience. As violence has become a common element of some societies, growing numbers of children have been forced to live in dangerous environments. Although considerable research has been conducted with children who are abused or neglected, the needs of those who witness violence have been largely overlooked. DESIGN: Critical narrative and descriptive. Data were collected, 1995-1996, in Canada from a convenience sample of 16 refugee children of war and 16 children of battered women. METHODS: Participants were asked open-ended questions about the violence in their lives, their feelings about what occurred, their thoughts about the reasons for violence, and their ways of surviving and growing. Common themes were identified and validated. FINDINGS: Despite differences in the children's stories, many parallels were evident. Both groups of youngsters endured pain, suffering, and feelings of betrayal. Both used creative strategies to survive. The way the children endured growing up amid violence was mediated by social, political, and cultural constructions of violence. Because these meanings were unique, violence was experienced in several ways. CONCLUSIONS: Although the children showed remarkable strength and insight, they face many challenges. Despite a common perception that children are unable to talk about deeply troubling experiences, this research demonstrated that children not only want to discuss their experience, but also welcome the opportunity to do so.

Adolescent↗