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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Sub-acute intestinal obstruction by Strongyloides stercolaris.

Strongyloides stercolaris infestation is rather rare in Iraq. Individuals with infection confined to the intestinal tract are often asymptomatic. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss and other non-specific complaints. The diagnosis depends upon repeated examination of stool and duodenal aspirate. Two cases presenting as sub-acute intestinal obstruction and mimicking primary intestinal lymphoma (PIL) on presentation are presented. Differentiation between the two conditions regarding presenting features, barium studies and pathology are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Intestinal obstruction in adults at the Aga Khan University Hospital.

During the period January, 1987 to June, 1991, 208 adults with mechanical bowel obstruction were managed at The Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH). Post-operative adhesions accounted for 34% of the cases and were the most frequent cause of intestinal obstruction. External hemia (16%), malignancy (13.5%) and tuberculous stricture (10%) were the next most frequent causes. The predominance of adhesive intestinal obstruction at AKUH shows a trend towards a Western disease pattern. Socioeconomic status was a significant determinant of the cause of obstruction. The proportion of self paying to welfare patients was significantly lower in tuberculous obstruction as compared with adhesive or malignant obstruction and in obstruction caused by hernia as compared with that due to malignant disease (P < 0.05). The present study demonstrates the synchronal occurrence of old and new diseases in a population and points towards the epidemiological transition which is affecting urban areas in the developing world.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of cisapride in patients with cystic fibrosis and distal intestinal obstruction syndrome.

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, we investigated the effects of the prokinetic drug cisapride in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic recurrent distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS). After a baseline period, 17 patients (12.9 to 34.9 years; 12 boys) received, in random order, cisapride (7.5 to 10 mg) and placebo three times daily by mouth, each for 6 months. Gastrointestinal symptoms (flatulence, abdominal pain, fullness, abdominal distension, nausea, anorexia, heartburn, diarrhea, vomiting and regurgitation) were scored three times monthly and physical examinations assessed. At baseline and at each 6-month period, assessment included food intake for 7 days, 3-day stool collection, pulmonary function tests, and abdominal radiographs. During cisapride therapy compared with placebo, there were significant reductions in flatulence (p less than 0.005), fullness, and nausea (p less than 0.05). Patients with the worst symptom scores benefited most from cisapride. With cisapride, 12 patients felt better and three worse (p less than 0.05); physicians judged 11 patients improved and two worse (p less than 0.05). No side effects were noted. There were no significant differences between cisapride and placebo periods in nutritional status, x-ray scores, pulmonary function, food intake (fat, protein, calories), stool size and consistency, and fecal losses of fat, bile acids, chymotrypsin, and calories. For acute episodes of DIOS, intestinal lavage was needed 6 times in 4 patients during treatment with cisapride, and 11 times in 6 patients receiving placebo. In comparison with unselected patients with cystic fibrosis and pancreatic insufficiency who were receiving enzyme supplements and who had no distal intestinal obstruction, fecal fat losses (percentage of intake) were almost twice as high in the study group with DIOS (31.2 +/- 20.6% vs 16.2 +/- 17.6%; p less than 0.01). We conclude that in the dosage used, long-term treatment with cisapride appears to improve chronic abdominal symptoms in patients with cystic fibrosis and DIOS, but fails to abolish the need for intestinal lavage. Cisapride treatment had no effect on digestion and nutritional status of cystic fibrosis patients with pancreatic insufficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Intestinal obstruction by trichobezoars in five cats.

Between 1997 and 1999, five domestic crossbred cats (four long haired, one short haired) presented with a palpable abdominal mass and were shown to have small intestinal trichobezoars at laparotomy or necropsy. Hair balls were associated with partial or complete intestinal obstruction and were situated in the proximal jejunum to distal ileum. In four cats obstructions were simple, while the remaining cat had a strangulating obstruction. Three of the cats were 10 years or older, and two were less than 4 years. In the three older cats abdominal neoplasia was suspected and investigations were delayed or declined in two of these cats because of a perceived poor prognosis. Predisposing factors identified in this series of cats included a long-hair coat, flea allergy dermatitis, inflammatory bowel disease and ingestion of non-digestible plant material. This report shows that the ingestion of hair is not always innocuous and that intestinal trichobezoars should be considered in the differential diagnoses of intestinal obstruction and intra-abdominal mass lesions, particularly in long-haired cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Intestinal obstruction caused by a pacifier].

The case of an infant who developed intestinal obstruction following ingestion of a pacifier is reported. Progression of this foreign body in the intestinal lumen was extremely slow because of the deformability of the material and laparotomy was required. The authors point out that this is a difficult diagnosis and that regulations on manufacturing standards should be enforced in order to avoid such accidents.

Foreign Bodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new method for differentiating simple intra-abdominal from strangulated small-intestinal obstruction.

We developed a model that aids in the differentiation of simple from strangulated intra-abdominal small-intestinal obstruction and reached an accuracy rate of 97 percent in predicting strangulated obstruction. Fifty-three criteria were analyzed from the records of 229 patients and by the Bayes statistical mode; five statistically significant criteria were identified. Using these, and another 16 criteria that indicated trends, we were able to predict strangulated obstruction with a 97 percent accuracy. Neither laboratory tests nor abdominal roentgenography aided in the diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Acute intestinal obstruction as a problem in emergency surgery].

An experience with treatment of acute ileus is presented. Operations were performed on 499 patients. Postoperative lethality from small intestine obstruction was 12.5%, from the colon obstruction--32.4%. The methods of treatment of different forms of intestinal ileus are described.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Acute ileus from steroid withdrawal simulating intestinal obstruction after surgery for ulcerative colitis.

Sixty of 127 prednisone-dependent patients with ulcerative colitis who underwent colectomy and endorectal ileal pull-through with ileal reservoir and subsequent laparotomy with ileostomy closure (254 operations) during a 4-year period developed 95 episodes of intestinal obstruction during the early post-operative period. Acute ileus due to steroid withdrawal caused symptoms of intestinal obstruction in 43 patients (76 episodes), whereas true mechanical small-bowel obstruction occurred in only 17 patients (19 episodes). Symptoms of both conditions were similar; however, hypoactive bowel sounds, acute onset of emotional depression, no evidence of obstruction on radiologic contrast stomatogram or enema, and prompt relief of symptoms within 4 hours after intravenous administration of hydrocortisone acetate distinguished acute steroid withdrawal. Since ileus from acute steroid withdrawal occurred four times as frequently as mechanical small-bowel obstruction, prompt recognition and treatment should appreciably reduce postoperative morbidity and hospital costs.

Adolescent↗