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PubMed2004

Intestinal parasitic infection in children in post-disaster situations years after earthquake.

BACKGROUND: Two earthquakes in the north-west region of Turkey destroyed 80% of the houses and schools in Duzce in 1999. This study was conducted to determine the parasitic infection rate associated with the post-earthquake unhealty living conditions and related epidemiological risk factors. METHODS: Two populations living and studying in different socioeconomic conditions as a result of the earthquake were compared: Group 1 (study group) consisted of 326 children living and studying in transitory houses and classes. Group 2 (control) consisted of 127 children living in normal houses and studying in normal school classes. Fecal samples were obtained from both groups and examined for intestinal parasites' eggs and trofozoid forms. In addition, selotype procedure was applied to both populations. Epidemiological data determining the socioeconomic status of the populations were collected by questionnaire. RESULTS: In group 1, Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) cysts were observed in 10.4% of the fecal samples and Enterobius vermicularis (E. vermicularis) eggs were observed in 13.5% of selotype samples. In group 2, Giardia cysts were observed in 3.1% of the samples and E. vermicularis eggs were observed in 5.5% of selotype samples. The rate of Giardiasis and Enterobiasis was found to be significantly higher in children still living and studying in temporary houses and schools years after the earthquakes (P < 0.05). The following pidemiological and social factors arising after the earthquakes were associated with increased rate of G. lamblia and E. Vermicularis infections: number of communal toilets per child at school, socioeconomic level of the children, dimensions of the classrooms where the children are studying and living and frequency of hand-washing at school. These parameters are significantly different between the groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Giardiasis should be considered as an emerging disease in postdisaster situations and adequate prevention measures should be implemented in these circumstances. It should also be known that the rate of Enterobiasis is increased in populations living in crowded unhealthy conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Gastro-intestinal parasites in calves in Colombia.

This study was conducted at Carimagua Research Centre in a high savanna area in the eastern plains of Colombia. The objectives were to identify the pathogenic parasites prevalent in the area and to study their seasonal variations and ecological conditions for use in planning control measures. The calves from two groups of 50 cows each (zebu crossbred) were used. Group I calves were born at the beginning of the rainy season and Group II calves later in the same period. The highest faecal egg counts observed were of trichostrongylid eggs. In necropsied animals Cooperia had high populations followed by Haemonchus. Throughout the rainy season there were favourable conditions for development and transmission of calf nematodes; animals born towards the end of the rainy season developed a lower infestation level which is probably easier to control. The animals were particularly susceptible to infestation with gastro-intestinal parasites at weaning. From these observations and in view of the relatively low stocking rate and the sequential burning of the savanna it is suggested that deworming be done at eight and 18 months of age.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Relationship between serum IgE levels and intestinal parasite load in African populations.

Serum IgE determinations and coproparasitological analyses were carried out on 161 individuals from two distinct ethnic groups (Hutus and Twas) from two regions in Rwanda (North and South). The cumulative parasitosis index (calculated for each individual as the sum of the scores for the four most frequent intestinal parasites) show a linear relation with IgE levels up to a plateau, with no clear pattern of correlation between the score for any given parasite and the IgE level. Such a direct quantitative (but not qualitative) relation reproposes the question on the role of IgE immunoglobulins in intestinal parasitoses.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1997

Prevalence of schistosoma mansoni and intestinal parasites with evaluation of hepatic schistosomiasis in a rural area after governmental efforts (Gharbia governorate).

The study was carried out on 2136 individuals from Abo El-Gohoor village. Their ages ranged from 1-72 years with a mean of 28.3 +/- 22.4 years. They were 46.7% males and 53.3% females. The village was divided into sectors. The inhabitants of each sector were examined clinically with history taking through home visits. Three successive stool samples for each individual were examined by the concentration technique. Abdominal ultrasound was done for hepatic and splenic assessment. Rectal biopsy was done for 200 subjects with negative stool samples for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) ova. Sex distribution was equal in this group. Their ages ranged from 18 to 45 years with a mean of 30.1 +/- 9.5 years. S. mansoni prevalence was 19.3% of individuals through stool examination and 12.5% out of 200 individuals with active schistosomiasis after rectal biopsy (the total prevalence was approximately 29.4%). Hepatic schistosomiasis was 18.8%. Hepatomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly, hepatic fibrosis without and with ascites were 6.0%, 8.8%, 2.5% and 1.5% of examined patients, respectively. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 37.5% and 27.8% for E. histolytica and G. lamblia, respectively, 9.2% for H. nana, 6.2%, 9.6%, 2.4% and 1.5% for A. lumbricoides, E. vermicularis, T. trichura and A. duodenale, respectively and F. gigantica was 0.4%. A total of 84.6% of examined subjects had parasitic infestations, 60.2% had one parasite, 19.6% had 2 parasites, 4.2% had 3 parasites and 0.7% had 4 parasites. The study revealed some success of governmental efforts for control of schistosomiasis. The prevalence of S. mansoni through stool examination showed a prevalence lower than that reported before but which does not represent the actual prevalence of S. mansoni and rectal biopsy in addition gave more accurate results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Independent effects of intestinal parasite infection and domestic allergen exposure on risk of wheeze in Ethiopia: a nested case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Why asthma is rare in rural subsistence societies is not clear. We tested the hypotheses that the risk of asthma is reduced by intestinal parasites or hepatitis A infection, and increased by exposure to dust-mite allergen or organophosphorus insecticides in urban and rural areas of Jimma, Ethiopia. METHODS: From 12876 individuals who took part in a study of asthma and atopy in urban and rural Jimma in 1996, we identified all who reported wheeze in the previous 12 months, and a random subsample of controls. In 1999, we assessed parasites in faecal samples, Der p 1 levels in bedding, hepatitis A antibodies, serum cholinesterase (a marker of organophosphorus exposure), total and specific serum IgE, and skin sensitisation to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in 205 cases and 399 controls aged over 16 years. The effects of parasitosis, Der p 1 level, hepatitis A seropositivity, and cholinesterase concentration on risk of wheeze, and the role of IgE and skin sensitisation in these associations, were analysed by multiple logistic regression. FINDINGS: The risk of wheeze was independently reduced by hookworm infection by an odds ratio of 0.48 (95% CI 0.24-0.93, p=0.03), increased in relation to Der p 1 level (odds ratio per quartile 1.26 [1.00-1.59], p=0.05), and was unrelated to hepatitis A seropositivity or cholinesterase concentration. In the urban population, D pteronyssinus skin sensitisation was more strongly related to wheeze (9.45 [5.03-17.75]) than in the rural areas (1.95 [0.58-6.61], p for interaction=0.017), where D pteronyssinus sensitisation was common, but unrelated to wheeze in the presence of high-intensity parasite infection. INTERPRETATION: High degrees of parasite infection might prevent asthma symptoms in atopic individuals.

Adolescent↗