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PubMed1989

Source of 3H-labeled inositol bis- and monophosphates in agonist-activated rat parotid acinar cells.

The kinetics of [3H]inositol phosphate metabolism in agonist-activated rat parotid acinar cells were characterized in order to determine the sources of [3H]inositol monophosphates and [3H]inositol bisphosphates. The turnover rates of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and its metabolites, D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate and D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate, were examined following the addition of the muscarinic receptor antagonist, atropine, to cholinergically stimulated parotid cells. D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate declined with a t1/2 of 7.6 +/- 0.7 s, D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate declined with a t1/2 of 8.6 +/- 1.2 min, and D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate was metabolized with a t1/2 of 6.0 +/- 0.7 min. The sum of the rates of flux through D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate and D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate (2.54% phosphatidylinositol/min) did not exceed the calculated rate of breakdown of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (2.76% phosphatidylinositol/min). Thus, there is no evidence for the direct hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate in intact cells since D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate formation can be attributed to the dephosphorylation of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. The source of the [3H]inositol monophosphates also was examined in cholinergically stimulated parotid cells. When parotid cells were stimulated with methacholine, D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate, D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate, and D-myo-inositol 4-monophosphate levels increased within 2 s, whereas D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate accumulation was delayed by several seconds. Rates of [3H]inositol monophosphate accumulation also were examined by the addition of LiCl to cells stimulated to steady state levels of [3H]inositol phosphates. The sum of the rates of accumulation of D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate and D-myo-inositol 4-monophosphate did not exceed the rate of breakdown of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate or the sum of the rates of flux through D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate and D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate. These kinetic analyses suggest that agonist-stimulated [3H]inositol bis- and monophosphate formation in intact rat parotid acinar cells can be accounted for by the metabolism of D-myo-[3H]inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate rather than by phospholipase C-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol or phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Polyphosphoinositides are the major source of inositol phosphates in carbamoylcholine-stimulated SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells.

The contribution of polyphosphoinositides to muscarinic receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide turnover has been evaluated for intact and digitonin-permeabilized human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. Addition of carbamoylcholine to [3H]inositol-prelabeled intact cells resulted in a rapid (5-10 sec) loss of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate and the concomitant appearance of radiolabeled inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate, inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate, and inositol tetrakisphosphate. In the presence of the agonist, production of these inositol polyphosphates remained enhanced for up to 45 min. Inositol mono- and bisphosphates steadily accumulated in response to receptor activation and in the presence of Li+ comprised greater than 95% of agonist-stimulated inositol phosphate formation at incubation times greater than 5 min. The major inositol bisphosphate isomer was the 1,4-species. Of the two inositol monophosphates produced, radioactivity recovered in inositol-4-monophosphate increased continuously, whereas that in the inositol-1-monophosphate/inositol-3-monophosphate fraction was delayed in appearance but thereafter progressively accumulated. Omission of Ca2+ reduced carbamoylcholine-stimulated inositol phosphate release by greater than 50% but did not significantly influence the ratio of inositol monophosphates formed. Upon addition of atropine to agonist-pretreated cells, radioactivity was lost from inositol phosphates in the following order: inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate greater than inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate greater than inositol-1,4-bisphosphate = inositol-4-monophosphate greater than inositol-1-monophosphate/inositol-3-monophosphate. Although carbamoylcholine addition to digitonin-permeabilized cells also resulted in a sustained release of inositol monophosphates, relatively more inositol-4-monophosphate was produced in these preparations. Omission of ATP from permeabilized cell incubations inhibited carbamoylcholine-stimulated 'inositol phosphate formation by greater than 70%. Whole homogenates of SK-N-SH cells metabolized added inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol-1,4-bisphosphate exclusively to inositol-4-monophosphate, whereas inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate was degraded to inositol-1- or 3-monophosphate. Measurement of inositol trisphosphate 3'-kinase and 5'-phosphatase activities revealed that, following permeabilization, 3'-kinase activity was diminished, whereas that of 5'-phosphatase was enhanced. The results indicate that occupancy of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in SK-N-SH cells elicits a continuous Ca2(+)-dependent breakdown of the polyphosphoinositides rather than of phosphatidylinositol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Calcium↗
PubMed1987

Pathway for inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate and 1,4-bisphosphate metabolism.

We prepared [3H]inositol-,3-[32P]phosphate-and 4-[32P]phosphate-labeled inositol phosphate substrates to investigate the metabolism of inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate and inositol 1,4-bisphosphate. In crude extracts of calf brain, inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate is first converted to inositol 3,4-bisphosphate, then the inositol 3,4-bisphosphate intermediate is further converted to inositol 3-phosphate. Similarly, inositol 1,4-bisphosphate is converted to inositol 4-phosphate, and no inositol 1-phosphate is formed. We partially purified an enzyme that we tentatively name inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase. This cytosolic enzyme converts inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate to inositol 3,4-bisphosphate and also converts inositol 1,4-bisphosphate to inositol 4-phosphate. The enzyme does not utilize inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, or inositol 1-phosphate as substrates. Thus we propose a new scheme for inositol phosphate metabolism. According to this pathway inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol 1,4-bisphosphate are degraded to inositol 4-phosphate. Inositol 1-phosphate, which is the major inositol monophosphate formed in stimulated brain, is derived either from phospholipase C cleavage of phosphatidylinositol or from the degradation of inositol cyclic phosphates.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Studies on avian erythrocyte metabolism. XII. The synthesis and degradation of inositol pentakis (dihydrogen phosphate).

The pathway(s) of synthesis and degradation of inositol 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 pentakis (dihydrogen phosphate) (inositol-P5), found predominantly in the avian erythrocyte, are unknown. Myo-inositol (inositol), D-glucose, inosine, and phosphate have been studied as potential precursors of inositol-P5 synthesis in chicken erythrocytes. Whole blood from chickens at several ages has been incubated for prolonged periods and the concentration of inositol-P5 measured to determine the ability of the avian erythrocyte to catabolize inositol-P5. Incubation of erythrocyte suspensions from 5-day chicks with [U-14 C]myo-inositol (inositol) for 17 hr lead to the appearance of 19.8% of the radioactivity in the aqueous acid-soluble extract of the erythrocytes (RBC). Fractionation of this extract on an anion exchange column yielded five major radioactive peaks, three of which represent 1) free myo-inositol, accounting for 63.5% of the radioactivity; 2) myo-inositol monokis (dihydrogen phosphate) (inositol-P), representing 1.6% of the radioactivity; and 3) inositol 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 pentakis (dihydrogen phosphate) (inositol-P5), representing 27.0% of the label in the erythrocyte. Sodium fluoride did not inhibit the incorporation of [U-14 C]myo-inositol into inositol-P5. Similar incubations with D-[U-14 C]-glucose and [U-14 C]-inosine yielded no incorporation of radioactivity into inositol-P5. These data are consistent with the interpretation that inositol is the major precursor for synthesis of inositol-P5 in chick red cells. Incubation of whole blood from 1-, 5-, and 42-day chicks and mature birds at 40 C for as long as 72 hr resulted in increases in RBC inorganic phosphate (Pi) thought due primarily to depletion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Inositol-P5 content of RBC of 5- and 42-day birds decreased 28 and 20%, respectively, after 72 hr, but no change was noted in inositol-P5 levels of RBC from mature birds. The red cells of the mature bird appear to be unable to catabolize inositol-P5 at significant rates. The apparent inability of the chicken erythrocyte to alter readily its concentration of inositol-P5 suggests that the hemoglobin oxygen delivery system of birds may be less adaptable to changing oxygen requirements by regulating the concentration of hemoglobin modulator than is that of the mammals.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗