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PubMed1984

Hunger and the vocalizations of infant gerbils.

Infant gerbils were deprived of food by removing their mother from the cage for 3 hr on alternate days, during which time they remained with their father. These infants were compared with a control group which remained with their mother while the father was removed. Litters lost weight when deprived of food but they received similar levels of parental care, warmth, and tactile stimuli to those of nonfood-deprived litters. There were no significant effects on the vocalizations of the young when tested either in isolation or in the nest with other pups. This apparent absence of a mode of communicating nutritional state is discussed with reference to normal interactions between adults and the litter and the role of vocalizations produced in response to heat loss.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of attitudes and behaviors related to nutrition, body size, dieting, and hunger in Russian, black-American, and white-American adolescents.

Attitudes and behaviors related to nutrition are known to differ between white-American and black-American adolescents, however, little is known about teenagers from Russia. We hypothesized that, compared with white-American or black-American teenagers, Russian teenagers would prefer a larger body size, be less likely to diet, and be less concerned about being overweight. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 196 students in Moscow, 326 white-American, and 239 black-American adolescents who attended school in North Carolina (mean age = 16). Ideal body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured height and the response to the question, "What do you consider to be your ideal weight?" Mean ideal BMI was higher in black-American boys (25.1) and girls (21.4) than in white-American boys (22.1) and girls (19.2), and Russian boys (21.8) and girls (19.1). After controlling for BMI, black-American girls were less than half as likely to report dieting compared with white-American girls. There were no significant differences among white-American girls and Russian girls, and there were no ethnic differences between boys in the prevalence of dieting. White-American girls and black-American girls were much more likely to identify being overweight as an important nutritional concern than were Russian girls (odds ratios > 10), and there were no ethnic differences among boys. We conclude that preferences for body size, the prevalence of dieting, and concerns about being overweight were similar in Russian and white-American teens, with the exception of Russian teenaged girls who were less likely than American girls to identify being overweight as an important concern. Overall, weight-related attitudes and behaviors in Russian teenagers were more similar to those of white-American teenagers than those of black-American teenagers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Voluntary ethanol consumption in the absence of hunger and thirst drives.

Voluntary ethanol consumption in Wistar rats was examined in a choice situation between water and ethanol. In each session continuing over 5 days, ethanol at five different concentrations from 2.5 to 45% (v/v) and water were given as reinforcers for FR-30 lever-press responses during 12-h light and 12-h dark periods with food available. The results indicated that rats preferred 2.5-5% ethanol to water, but water to 30 or 45% ethanol. Daily net ethanol consumption per kg body weight increased monotonically as a function of its concentration and reached a mean value of 9.08 g/kg at 45%. Rats drank most of the ethanol and water during the dark period, despite the large amount of ethanol intake occurring at that time.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1975

[Behavior of electrolytes in the metabolism of hunger].

In 20 patients, undergoing a fasting period of 14 days, electrolyt balances were studied. Ten patients received 80 mval potassium per day. Sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphate in blood did not change; bicarbonate and chloride levels diminished. Balance studies showed a significant loss of potassium in both groups. Product of sodium and potassium was constant; calcium balance was positive, whereas that of phosphate was negative. During addition of 80 mval potassium per day significant change of sodium balance occurred.

Bicarbonates↗