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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Rapid socio-cultural change and health in the Arctic.

The colonization of the circumpolar peoples has had a profound influence on their health. History tells about devastating epidemics and the introduction of alcohol. The last 50 years have witnessed an unprecedented societal development in Greenland and a rapid epidemiological transition. Physical health and survival have improved but at the expense of mental health. The incidence of tuberculosis and the infant mortality rate have decreased because of improved socioeconomic conditions and health care. Mental health has deteriorated parallel to the rapid modernization of Greenlandic society. Chronic diseases are on the increase due to changing life styles, and environmental pollution with mercury and persistent organic pollutants may pose a threat to future generations of Inuit.

Arctic Regions↗
PubMed1995

Do transition grants help rural hospitals?

Congress introduced the Rural Health Care Transition (RHCT) Grant Program in 1989 to assist financially troubled, small rural hospitals. This article discusses grant effects on the second cohort of hospitals to complete their 3-year grants. Although three-quarters of the grantees implemented all or most of their goals, 11 percent could not implement a viable project. Grantees added or upgraded 523 services with the help of their grants, especially outpatient and social services, most of them financially self-supporting. Except among the largest hospitals, there was no evidence that the grants improved grantee finances. Management appeared unaffected by the grants.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed1999

United States health care delivery system, reform, and transition to managed care.

The US health care delivery system, faced with an exponential increase in expenditures during the second part of the 20th century, was forced to explore ways to reduce costs and, at the same time, maintain a high quality of care. Managed care emerged as one of the answers and quickly became one of the predominant health care delivery models. While the cost of health care did go down, it remains unclear what the future holds. Currently, managed care is growing rapidly in publicly funded programs and the changes which are currently underway may be defining those programs in the time to come.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2001

Adolescent psychological problems, partnership transitions and adult mental health: an investigation of selection effects.

BACKGROUND: Marital status is a strong correlate of psychiatric morbidity in adulthood, but debate continues on how far this association reflects causal influences or selection effects based on prior psychological characteristics. METHOD: Prospective data from the National Child Development Study were used to examine effects of adolescent emotional and behavioural problems on transitions into and out of first partnerships, and their implications for psychiatric morbidity at age 33. RESULTS: Emotional and behavioural problems in adolescence showed systematic links with early partnership transitions (age at partnership formation, type of first partnership, and risks of first partnership breakdown). More detailed tests suggested that these effects only accounted for a modest proportion of the associations between partnership status and psychiatric morbidity at age 33. CONCLUSIONS: In a non-referred community sample selection effects associated with adolescent emotional and behavioural problems appear to play only a modest role in links between partnership status and adult mental health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Managing health problems among homeless women with children in a transitional shelter.

PURPOSE: To describe health problems among homeless women with children living in a transitional shelter, analyze how they managed various ailments and when and how they sought care. DESIGN: Qualitative using grounded theory and dimensional analysis. SAMPLE: During 1992 and 1993, data were gathered from a convenience sample of 13 Latina, 11 White, and 6 African American women (n = 30) who lived in a transitional shelter in California, USA. METHODS: In-depth, semi-structured interviews. FINDINGS: Despite many supportive services in transitional shelter, respondents had difficulty managing health problems. Typically, a woman reported she managed a health problem by overcoming it alone. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of overcoming it alone existed years before transitional shelter life, and, in many instances, persisted during shelter years. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Clinical nursing interventions that address shame, fear, lack of information, and eligibility for services could improve health outcomes among women and children living in transitional shelters.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

On the use of health surveys for estimating transition rates for morbidity processes.

"In this paper, we describe a potential source of useful data for estimating disease onset, recovery and death rates, and derive the necessary equations for estimating the rates. The limitations of the method, both theoretical and practical, are described, and numerical results are reported in the cases of two Italian health surveys of the 1980s.... Our goal in this paper is to study quality of life, and to attempt to provide measures which may allow health policy decisions affecting quality of life. For this purpose, estimates of morbidity provided by general population health surveys would seem to be appropriate." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND ITA)

Data Collection↗
PubMed1998

Moving into the information era: does the current nursing paradigm still hold?

The transition into the information era is characterized by society's passage through three crossroads representing a change from: (a) technology to post-technology; (b) rigid jobs and hierarchies to dejobbing and vanishing hierarchies; and (c) limited competition to competition dominating all markets. These transitions have caused dramatic changes in the health care system at large and escalating problems that cannot be solved within the current paradigm of nursing. Among the nursing problems that were identified are those including difficulties in: (a) defining the relative contribution of nursing vis a vis other health professions; (b) the scope and dimensions of nursing authority; (c) implementing all aspects of the nursing intervention; (d) actualizing caring in nursing intervention; and (f) implementing the nursing process as a major thinking process in the profession. The analysis of the state of nursing suggests that the current clinical paradigm fails to consolidate the economic and quality issues into the core of nursing. It is not capable of solving central professional problems and emerging dilemmas. Considering that under the current paradigm, nursing has difficulties in highlighting to clients and the system alike where nursing can make a difference, it is questionable whether such a paradigm can ensure the existence of nursing in the future.

Health Transition↗
PubMed2002

Nutrition transition in Chile: determinants and consequences.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyse the determinants and consequences of the nutrition transition in Chile and describe the related health promotion policies. DESIGN AND SETTING: This is a descriptive, population-based study including data on demographic, diet, nutrition and biomedical related variables. Data came from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the National Institute of Statistics (INE), the Ministries of Planning, Health and Education surveillance systems, and national surveys. RESULTS: As malnutrition decreased during the 1980s, obesity increased rapidly in all age groups. In adults, currently about 25% of women are obese (body mass index >30 kg m(-2)); particularly those from low socio-economic levels. Among preschoolers, obesity is now 10% while in 6-year-old children it is 17.5% (weight/height greater than two standard deviations (>2SD) of the World Health Organization reference). Nutritional risk factors are prevalent, diet is changing to a 'Western diet' with an increasing fat consumption, and sedentarianism is constant in all groups. High blood pressure (>140/90) is greater than 10% in adults. Diabetes is increasing in urban areas, including in the indigenous population, and more than 40% of adults have a cholesterol level of more than 200 mg ml(-1). CONCLUSIONS: Promotion of healthy lifestyles is the main strategy to cope with this situation, particularly changing behaviour in food habits, physical activity and psychosocial factors. Changes in lifestyles will not only allow the prolonged life expectancy to be of better quality, but also will favour a decrease in the morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases, mainly cardiovascular diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Experiences of adolescents with cystic fibrosis during their transition from paediatric to adult health care: a qualitative study of young Australian adults.

PURPOSE: Exploring the experiences of Australian adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) as they made the transition from paediatric to adult care. This often traumatic change of care was examined from the perspective of the two types of care, paediatric and adult, elements of a transition programme if available and psychosocial factors that may affect the transition. METHOD: Focused-in-depth interviews were conducted with six young adults with CF (19-34 years), asking them to describe their experiences during the transition period. RESULTS: Thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews indicated that the four main areas that affected the transition experiences of the participants were paediatric and adult health care, the elements included in the transition programme, and psychosocial factors. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship of the patient with their paediatric doctor, the doctor's attitude towards the transition and the delivery of age-appropriate care appeared to influence the experiences of adolescents as they changed to adult care. Successful elements of a transition programme, if it was offered, were the orientation tours, the provision of information and the presence of a familiar face at adult clinics. Transition experiences of individuals had potential effects on their psychological and physical well-being so that, in order to maximize quality of care, health professionals must be aware of factors which may improve transition experiences.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Changing health in China: re-evaluating the epidemiological transition model.

This paper reviews the changing health situation in China, which has shown remarkable improvement in the 50 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. At first sight this improving health situation follows the classical epidemiological transition model. Just three decades ago health in China was characterised by high rates of infectious disease and early mortality (diseases of poverty) in a mainly peasant society. More recently infectious disease rates have decreased, with corresponding and extended morbidity and mortality associated with an aging population in a rapidly urbanising society. This process has given rise to new health problems, including chronic and degenerative diseases (diseases of affluence). Nonetheless, while there is some validity in the application of the epidemiological transition concept, further analysis demonstrates that China faces a new epidemiological phase, characterised by increasing life expectancy and diseases of affluence coupled with the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases. We demonstrate that China's state policy plays a major role in defining the parameters of health in a Chinese context. We conclude that, today, China is faced with a new set of health issues, including the impact of smoking, hypertension, the health effects of environmental pollution and the rise of HIV/AIDS; however, state policy remains vital to the health of China's vast population. The challenge for policy is to maintain health reform whilst tackling the problems associated with rapid urbanisation, widening social and spatial inequalities and the emergence of HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases.

Cause of Death↗