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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Differential splicing creates a diversity of transcripts from a neurospecific developmentally regulated gene encoding a protein with new zinc-finger motifs.

We have cloned a novel neurospecific gene, named neuro-d4, by differential screening a rat cerebral cortex cDNA library. Northern blot hybridization showed that neuro-d4 expression is restricted to neuronal tissues both in newborn and adult animals. The level of neuro-d4 mRNA in the rat central nervous system is high during the later stages of embryonic development and gradually decreases during the postnatal period. In situ hybridization suggests that the gene transcripts are localized in neuronal cell bodies. Nucleotide sequences of overlapped cDNA clones and all 12 exons in genomic clone were determined. The deduced protein has consensus sequences for a nuclear localization signal, a Krüppel-type zinc-finger and a new type of cysteine/histidine-rich motif resembling zinc-fingers. Several differential splicing variants were found, each of which influences the structure of the encoded protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

P-element-mediated enhancer detection: an efficient method for isolating and characterizing developmentally regulated genes in Drosophila.

We describe a new approach for identifying and studying genes involved in Drosophila development. Single copies of an enhancer detector transposon, P[1ArB], have been introduced into flies at many different genomic locations. The beta-galactosidase reporter gene in this construct is influenced by a wide range of genomic transcriptional regulatory elements in its vicinity. Our results suggest that a significant proportion of these regulatory sequences are control elements of nearby Drosophila genes. These genes need not be disrupted for their regulatory elements to be identified by P[1ArB]. The P[1ArB] transposon has been designed to facilitate both rapid cloning and deletion analysis of genomic sequences into which it inserts. Therefore, the enhancer detection system is an efficient method of screening for genes primarily on the basis of their expression pattern and then rapidly analyzing those of particular interest at the molecular and genetic levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Isolation of two developmentally regulated genes involved in spore wall maturation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

During sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the four haploid nuclei generated by meiosis are encapsulated within multilayered spore walls. Taking advantage of the natural fluorescence imparted to yeast spores by the presence of a dityrosine-containing macromolecule in the spore wall, we identified and cloned two genes, termed DIT1 and DIT2, which are required for spore wall maturation. Mutation of these genes has no effect on the efficiency of spore formation or spore viability. The mutant spores, however, fail to accumulate the spore wall-specific dityrosine and lack the outermost layer of the spore wall. The absence of this cross-linked surface layer reduces the resistance of the spores to lytic enzymes, to ether, and to elevated temperature. Expression of the DIT and DIT2 genes is restricted to sporulating cells, with the DIT1 transcripts accumulating at the time of prospore enclosure and just prior to the time of dityrosine biosynthesis. Both genes act in a spore-autonomous manner implying that at least some of the activities responsible for forming the outermost layer of the spore wall reside within the developing spore rather than in the surrounding ascal cytoplasm. As the DIT2 gene product has significant homology with cytochrome P-450s, DIT2 may be responsible for catalyzing the oxidation of tyrosine residues in the formation of dityrosine.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Integration host factor is required for the activation of developmentally regulated genes in Caulobacter.

Several temporally controlled flagellar genes in Caulobacter crescentus require a sigma 54 promoter and upstream sites for transcription activation. We demonstrate here that in some of these genes, an AT-rich region containing an integration host factor (IHF) consensus binding site lies between the activator and the promoter, and that this region binds IHF in vitro. Analysis of mutations in the IHF-binding region of the hook operon demonstrated that an intact IHF-binding site is necessary for transcription in vivo. An adjacent and divergent promoter also has an IHF consensus sequence that binds IHF. The IHF and enhancer sites are 3' to the transcription start site in this promoter. We postulate that IHF mediates the formation of a higher order structure between the divergent promoter regions in a manner analogous to the nucleosome-like structure generated for lambda-Escherichia coli DNA recombination and that this higher order structure modulates transcription.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2006

Developmental mouse brain gene expression maps.

Brain gene expression databases are providing an increasing amount of information to the neuroscience community. Most databases are focused on the adult mouse rather than embryonic development. Here we survey the major mouse gene expression databases for the developing brain. The high throughput in situ hybridization approach generates large volumes of gene expression data that can be compiled and examined in a relatively short period of time. It is of increasing importance to compare gene expression patterns of neurodevelopment in the brain in relation to the adult. Often clues to adult gene expression and gene function can be determined by examining embryonic development. It is our hope that once all genes are mapped in the brain from the embryo to the adult, studies can be conducting based on information derived from such databases in conjunction with other bioinformatics sources.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Identification and nucleotide sequence of a developmentally regulated gene encoding a eukaryotic histone H1-like protein from Chlamydia trachomatis.

A lambda gt11 recombinant library of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 chromosomal DNA was screened with a 29-mer synthetic oligonucleotide specific to the N-terminal amino acids of a predominant 18-kDa chlamydial protein. One recombinant clone, designated lambda gt11/L2/RKA10, was selected on the basis of its strong hybridization signal. Restriction endonuclease analysis and complete nucleotide sequencing of the recombinant revealed a 2,633-bp insert containing one complete open reading frame (ORF2) and two partial ORFs (ORF1 and ORF3). The deduced amino acid sequence of ORF2 matched perfectly at its N-terminal end with the derived amino acid sequence. The 375-bp ORF is capable of encoding a protein comprising 125 amino acids with a molecular mass of 13,689. A sequence compatible with a Shine-Dalgarno ribosome-binding site was located 9 bp upstream from the initiation codon, while the sequence distal to ORF2 revealed a rho-independent terminator. The protein, designated CTH1, possesses an estimated pI of 10.71 due to its high lysine content. This highly basic protein contains no tryptophan or phenylalanine. A protein data base search identified significant homology between CTH1 and painted sea urchin histone H1. Northern (RNA) blot analysis of Chlamydia-infected host cells demonstrated transcripts at 12 h postinfection. The recombinant plasmid encoding ORF2 expressed a gene product of approximately 18 kDa, similar to the native chlamydial protein as analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This protein appears to represent one of the few eukaryotic histonelike proteins described to date in prokaryotes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

SWM1, a developmentally regulated gene, is required for spore wall assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is followed by encapsulation of haploid nuclei within multilayered spore walls. Formation of this spore-specific wall requires the coordinated activity of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of its components. Completion of late events in the sporulation program, leading to spore wall formation, requires the SWM1 gene. SWM1 is expressed at low levels during vegetative growth but its transcription is strongly induced under sporulating conditions, with kinetics similar to those of middle sporulation-specific genes. Homozygous swm1Delta diploids proceed normally through both meiotic divisions but fail to produce mature asci. Consistent with this finding, swm1Delta mutant asci display enhanced sensitivity to enzymatic digestion and heat shock. Deletion of SWM1 specifically affects the expression of mid-late and late sporulation-specific genes. All of the phenotypes observed are similar to those found for the deletion of SPS1 or SMK1, two putative components of a sporulation-specific MAP kinase cascade. However, epistasis analyses indicate that Swm1p does not form part of the Sps1p-Smk1p-MAP kinase pathway. We propose that Swm1p, a nuclear protein, would participate in a different signal transduction pathway that is also required for the coordination of the biochemical and morphological events occurring during the last phase of the sporulation program.

Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome↗
PubMed1994

Chromosomal localization and sequences of the murine Brn-3 family of developmental control genes.

The POU proteins BRN-3a, -3b and -3c are transcription factors encoded by separate genes that are differentially expressed during neural development. Comparison of genomic and cDNA sequences revealed similar exon/intron structures for Brn-3a and -3c genes, whereas the Brn-3b gene appeared to contain an intronless coding region. Fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments with mouse chromosomes showed that Brn-3a maps to mouse chromosome 14E1-3, Brn-3b to XF1-5 and Brn-3c to 18B3-E1.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Isolation and characterisation of a testis-expressed developmentally regulated gene from the distal inversion of the mouse t-complex.

We differentially screened a pool of mouse testis clones in order to identify genes important in germ cell development. One of the isolated clones was found to be expressed only in the male germ line where it is first detected at around the pachytene spermatocyte stage. This gene maps to a subregion of the t-complex in the distal inversion near, but not within, the tw18 and the th20 deletions. A comparison of the t and wild forms of the gene reveals a high degree of sequence conservation. This gene is associated with a CpG-rich island at its 5' end. It encodes a novel protein with extensive alpha-helical structure indicative of coiled-coil interactions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Isolation of developmentally regulated genes in Drosophila melanogaster.

We used a molecular approach to search for maternally expressed genes in Drosophila melanogaster. The relative merits of differential and competition screens were analyzed in a series of reconstruction experiments using either purified phage plaques or derivative DNA sequences. In the course of this study, we isolated 5 clones whose RNA level varies during early embryogenesis. Three gastrula differential clones, b4, b8 and d3, are present in numerous copies in the genome; clone b4 hybridizes with the copia-like B104 repetitive sequence described by Scherer et al. We also isolated 2 maternally-expressed genes, not previously identified in either classical genetic or similarly molecular-based screens. These clones, b11 and d6, map at cytogenetic positions 98F and 4F respectively, on the polytene chromosome map.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Mouse versions of fly developmental control genes: legitimate or illegitimate relatives?

Embryo development requires a complex order of events that must occur at the correct time and in the correct space. A series of decisions takes place as cells divide and become committed to increasingly specialized and limited domains of the embryo. Many genes that are important in orchestrating this process were originally identified in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. Conserved sequences from the fly genes have been used to clone homologous genes in vertebrates, including mice. Studies of the pattern of expression of these genes during murine development in conjunction with the use of new functional assays suggest that not only DNA sequences, but also functional roles during embryogenesis, have been conserved. Thus, we may have the tools in hand to begin to understand how vertebrate development and cell differentiation take place.

Animals↗