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PubMed1997

Association between neonatal blood pressure and umbilical cord insulin concentration.

The aetiology of the metabolic syndrome remains unknown. This study investigated whether two components of this syndrome, higher blood pressure and higher plasma insulin concentrations, are related at birth. Neonates in the study were from 23 European, 25 Maori, 22 South Asian, and 25 Pacific Islands women having normal singleton pregnancies as well as 6 Maori, 5 Indian, and 19 Pacific Islands women with gestational diabetes (diagnosed by a 3 h 100 g oral glucose tolerance test at 28-32 weeks). Additional fasting glucose and fructosamine concentrations were measured at 36-38 weeks. Umbilical cord blood was taken for insulin, C-peptide, fructosamine and insulin-like growth factor I. Neonatal anthropometry and blood pressure were measured 24 h after delivery. Compared with those with a lower systolic blood pressure (SBP), neonates with a higher SBP had higher umbilical cord insulin (45.6 (39.6-52.8) vs 63.0 (54.6-72.6) pM, p < 0.01), C-peptide (0.22 (0.20-0.25) vs 0.28 (0.26-0.30) nmol l-1, p < 0.001) and fructosamine concentrations, higher maternal fructosamine concentrations and heavier placentas. These data suggest that neonatal hyperinsulinaemia, possibly driven by minor elevations in maternal glycaemia, may be linked to a higher neonatal SBP.

Asia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Body size and shape and glycemic control among Maya women in rural Yucatán.

Studies on relationships between aspects of physique and glucose physiology generally focus on clinical glucose tolerance or on fasting glucose or insulin assays showing glycemic status at the time of testing. Little work has examined the associations between body variables and glycemic control, or average past glucose levels in regular living conditions. The aim of this research was to investigate connections between body size and shape and glycemic control. The sample consists of 60 nondiabetic Maya women, ages 40-85 years, residing in 16 rural villages around Mérida, Yucatán. Body morphology was assessed through anthropometric and derived measures of size and shape, including indicators of fat distribution and general adiposity. Glycemic control was measured through microvenous samples analyzed for glycated blood proteins HbA(1c) and fructosamine to demonstrate average circulating glucose under customary living conditions during the previous several months and weeks. Four-variable regression models explain 17% of the variance in HbA(1c) and 25% of the variance in fructosamine. Arm circumference has the largest positive effect on HbA(1c), while weight has the greatest positive impact on fructosamine. The predictor with the largest negative effect on both glycated blood proteins is calf circumference. In general, variables reflecting overall adiposity and central adiposity demonstrate positive associations with HbA(1c) and fructosamine, whereas lean body measures exhibit negative associations. Findings support the value of glycated blood proteins and of less common anthropometric measures, such as calf circumference, in population research on morphological relations with glycemia.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Lack of age-related increase in average glycemia in a non-Westernized sample of rural Yucatec Maya females.

Age-related decline in glucose processing and the associated progressively higher circulating glucose levels are considered well-established biological aging phenomena. However, their occurrence in non-Westernized populations characterized by less mechanization and dietary processing has not been well-studied. This research extends evaluation of lifestyle conditions of diet and physical activity beyond those of Westernized areas and examines aging patterns in blood glucose among rural Yucatec Maya. The purpose is to investigate whether deteriorating glucose processing is intrinsic to human aging, while controlling for body composition in a non-Westernized setting. Data were gathered from 60 nondiabetic Maya women, 40-85 years of age, living in 16 rural villages around Merida, Yucatan. Information regarding personal history, diet, and physical activity was collected through interviews. Body composition was assessed through anthropometric and derived indicators of body size, fat distribution, body mass index, intra-abdominal fat, and total fat and fat-free masses. Glycemia was measured through microvenous samples analyzed for glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) and fructosamine, to demonstrate average circulating glucose under customary living conditions. As indicated by glycation, average glycemia is not higher in older Maya females (age group F for HbA(1c) = 0.88, P > 0.05; age group F for fructosamine = 0.38, P > 0.05). Further, correlations between age and HbA(1c) (r = -0.13, P > 0.05) and fructosamine (r = -0.10, P > 0.05) are negative and not significant. The absence of significant, positive age associations with HbA(1c) and fructosamine persists when effects of body composition are taken into account. Thus, decline in glucose regulation does not appear to be a feature of aging in this non-Westernized sample, suggesting that age-related deterioration in glucose processing is not universal among human populations. Results suggest that relationships of age with glycemia are linked to lifestyle differences.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The inter-relationships between albuminuria, plasma albumin concentration and indices of glycaemic control in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

We studied the relationship between albuminuria (measured as albumin/creatinine ratio (alb/Cr) in a random urine sample) and measures of glycaemic control (fructosamine, HbA1 and glucose) in 470 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Albumin excretion was in the microalbuminuric range (alb/Cr ratio > 5.4-40.3) in 112 (23.8%) and in the macroalbuminuric range (alb/Cr ratio > 40.3 mg/mmol) in 89 patients (18.9%). Fourteen percent (n = 67) of patients had a normal plasma HbA1 (< or = 8.5%) while 27% (n = 127) had a normal plasma fructosamine concentration (< or = 2.2 mmol/l). Using stepwise multiple regression analysis, plasma fructosamine concentration was found to be independently and negatively associated with urine albumin/creatinine ratio (B = 0.24, P < 0.006) in the macroalbuminuric group. Further analysis of the relationship between plasma albumin concentration and indices of glycaemic control showed that plasma albumin concentration correlated negatively with random plasma glucose concentration in the normoalbuminuric patients (r = -0.16, P = 0.008) but not in microalbuminuric or macroalbuminuric groups. HbA1 was not correlated with plasma albumin concentration. Our results indicate that albuminuria has an effect on the plasma fructosamine concentration which is independent of plasma albumin concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The pathophysiology and development of immunity during long-term subclinical infection with Trichostrongylus colubriformis of sheep receiving different nutritional treatments.

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between protein nutrition, the pathophysiology, and acquisition and expression of immunity in long-term subclinical intestinal parasitism in sheep. Growing sheep were either uninfected controls or parasitised for 27 weeks with a daily dose of 2500 larvae of Trichostrongylus colubriformis, whilst they were given access to: (1) a low protein food, (2) a high protein food, or (3) a choice between the two foods, where they were allowed to select their diet. Blood samples were taken weekly for determination of serum albumin, total protein, Ca, P, urea and fructosamine concentrations. At the end of the study all sheep received a single (secondary) challenge infection (30,000 T. colubriformis L3) after treatment with anthelmintic to assess their immune status. The concentrations of sheep-mast cell proteinases (SMCP) in intestinal tissue, the number of circulating eosinophils and the total worm numbers recovered from the intestinal tract were used to investigate the effects of previous nutrition on the acquisition and expression of immunity. From the biochemical variables measured over 27 weeks, only serum fructosamine was affected by the interaction between feeding treatment and parasitism: fructosamine concentrations declined only in the parasitised animals on the low protein food during Weeks 6-15 of infection. This casts doubt on the usefulness of plasma fructosamine levels as an indicator of gastrointestinal parasitism, due to its being influenced by the nutritional environment. Total protein, albumin, calcium and phosphorus concentrations in the serum were affected by parasitism, but independently of feeding treatment. During the period of secondary challenge eosinophil numbers and SMCP concentrations were higher in the parasitised animals, reflecting the animals immune responsiveness. The numbers of worms recovered from the intestine of previously parasitised sheep were low; all three indicators of the development of acquired immunity were unaffected by previous nutritional treatment of the sheep. The results do not support the view that the pathophysiology of long term subclinical intestinal parasitism and the expression of acquired immunity induced by a trickle infection could be affected by the feeding treatment of the sheep (protein nutrition).

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed2005

Evidence for the role of lipid peroxides on glycation of hemoglobin and plasma proteins in non-diabetic asthma patients.

BACKGROUND: Collective evidences reveal that malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid can modulate protein glycation. We investigated the concentrations of MDA, GSH, ascorbic acid and protein glycation in asthma patients to delineate the possible association among these parameters. METHODS: Blood was collected from 18 asthma patients and 16 age and sex matched control subjects. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), GSH, MDA, vitamin C, fructosamine and glucose were assessed in both groups. The effect of H2O2 on glycation of hemoglobin was studied by incubating normal healthy erythrocytes with either 5 or 50 mmol/l glucose concentration. RESULTS: Plasma of asthma patients revealed significantly higher concentrations of lipid peroxides and fructosamine concentrations than the matched controls. Glycated hemoglobin concentrations were also found to be significantly increased. Ascorbic acid and GSH concentrations were decreased significantly in the test group when compared with the healthy control group. When the effects of fasting glucose, GSH and ascorbic acid on the concentrations of HbA1C and fructosamine were refuted by partial correlation analysis, MDA was found to be a significant determinant of HbA1c and fructosamine in patients with asthma. The in vitro model with human erythrocytes showed an enhancement of protein glycation by H2O2. CONCLUSION: An increased glycation of proteins was found in asthma patients. These data also support the premise that lipid peroxides per se do have a role to play in glycation of hemoglobin and plasma proteins.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Increased protein glycation in non-diabetic pediatric nephrotic syndrome: possible role of lipid peroxidation.

BACKGROUND: Malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione (GSH) have been reported to play a possible role in glycation of proteins. This study was performed to evaluate this correlation in nephrotic syndrome patients by comparing the levels of fructosamine with MDA, ascorbic acid and GSH. METHODS: Fifteen children with nephrotic syndrome during relapse and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled for this study. Whole blood GSH, plasma MDA, total ascorbic acid and fasting glucose were analyzed in both the groups. Partial correlation analysis was performed to predict the independent association of MDA, ascorbic acid and GSH on fructosamine. RESULTS: Plasma MDA and fructosamine levels were found to be increased in nephrotic syndrome patients when compared with controls. Plasma ascorbic acid and whole blood GSH were decreased in nephrotic group vs. healthy controls. Partial correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between fructosamine and MDA. CONCLUSIONS: Present data point to a possible involvement of MDA in the glycation of protein in non-diabetic nephrotic syndrome patients, and provide support for the potential use of an antioxidant therapy in these patients.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of a low carbohydrate-low fiber diet and a moderate carbohydrate-high fiber diet in the management of feline diabetes mellitus.

This study compared the effects of a moderate carbohydrate-high fiber (MC-HF) food and a low carbohydrate-low fiber (LC-LF) food on glycemic control in cats with diabetes mellitus. Sixty-three diabetic cats (48 male castrated, 15 female spayed) were randomly assigned to be fed either a canned MC-HF (n = 32) food or a canned LC-LF (n = 31) food for 16 weeks. Owners were blinded to the type of diet fed. CBC, urinalysis, serum chemistry panel, fructosamine concentration and thyroxine concentration were determined on initial examination, and a complete blood count, serum chemistry panel, urinalysis and serum fructosamine concentration were repeated every 4 weeks for 16 weeks. Insulin doses were adjusted as needed to resolve clinical signs and lower serum fructosamine concentrations. Serum glucose (P = 0.0001) and fructosamine (P = 0.0001) concentrations significantly decreased from week 0 to week 16 in both dietary groups. By week 16, significantly more of the cats fed the LC-LF food (68%, 22/31), compared to the cats fed the MC-HF food (41%, 13/32), had reverted to a non-insulin-dependent state (P = 0.03). Cats in both groups were successfully taken off of insulin regardless of age, sex, type of insulin administered or duration of clinical disease before entering the study. There was no significant difference in the initial or final mean body weights or in the mean change in body weight from week 0 to week 16 between dietary groups. Diabetic cats in this study were significantly more likely to revert to a non-insulin-dependent state when fed the canned LC-LF food versus the MC-HF food.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1998

Anti-insulin antibodies and birth weight in pregnancies complicated by diabetes.

Free insulin cannot cross the placenta but insulin complexed to anti-insulin antibodies has been demonstrated in cord blood. We studied whether antibody-bound insulin in diabetic patients can evoke fetal macrosomia independently of maternal metabolic control. In 457 non insulin-treated controls and 173 insulin-treated diabetic patients we measured 1187 anti-insulin antibody levels and maternal blood glucose, maternal fructosamine, cord blood insulin, cord blood C-peptide, cord blood fructosamine and amniotic fluid insulin. Mean anti-insulin antibody levels in maternal blood and cord blood were significantly higher in insulin treated diabetic patients (4.6 and 5.4 U/ml) than in controls (1.8 and 1.7 U/ml) with maxima of 89.2 in maternal and 120.0 U/ml in cord blood, respectively. In insulin treated diabetic patients 16.6% (maternal blood) and 22% (cord blood) anti-insulin antibody levels were above the 97th percentile. There was a high significant correlation between maternal and cord blood anti-insulin antibodies (R = 0.987, P = < 0.0001), but no correlation of anti-insulin antibodies with maternal (glucose, fructosamine) or fetal (insulin, C-peptide, and fructosamine in cord blood, amniotic fluid insulin) metabolic parameters. While maternal and fetal metabolic parameters correlated with birth weight neither maternal nor cord blood anti-insulin antibody levels correlated with birth weight. These findings do not support the hypothesis that maternal anti-insulin antibodies independently influence fetal weight.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1993

Evidence against the formation of 2-amino-6-(2-formyl-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrol-1-yl)-hexanoic acid ('pyrraline') as an early-stage product or advanced glycation end product in non-enzymic protein glycation.

1. It has been suggested that 2-amino-6-(2-formyl-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrol-1-yl)-hexanoic acid ('pyrraline') is formed as an advanced glycation end product in the Maillard reaction under physiological conditions. Antibodies were raised to caproyl-pyrraline linked to keyhole-limpet haemocyanin and were used to develop an e.l.i.s.a. and Western blotting system for the specific detection of pyrraline in samples in vivo and in vitro. 2. Human serum albumin was isolated from the serum samples of diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Pyrraline was not detected (< 1.2 pmol) in any of the samples, indicating that it was not a major advanced glycation end product in vivo. 3. BSA was incubated separately with D-glucose and a model fructosamine, N epsilon-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl)-hippuryl-lysine, under physiological conditions for 30 days. Aliquots removed from the incubations at 5 day intervals contained no detectable pyrraline, indicating that pyrraline was not an early-stage product of the Maillard reaction in vitro. 4. The model fructosamine, N epsilon-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl)-hippuryl-lysine, was incubated at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C for 25 days during which it degraded to hippuryl-lysine and N epsilon-carboxymethyl-hippuryl-lysine. Aliquots were removed at 5 day intervals and assayed for pyrraline. None was detected (< 23 pmol/ml) in the course of the degradation of the fructosamine (400 nmol/ml degraded), indicating that pyrraline was not a major product of the degradation of fructosamine under physiological conditions in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Renal uric acid handling in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with elevated glomerular filtration rates.

1. Hypouricaemia is prevalent in diabetic patients. In most of the studies, the diabetic patients had some degree of diabetic nephropathy as evidenced by a decreased glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria. Therefore we studied renal uric acid handling in a group of type II diabetic patients with elevated glomerular filtration rates. 2. Eighteen type II diabetic patients with normal kidney functions and elevated glomerular filtration rate and a group of 18 healthy, age- and weight-matched control subjects, were studied. Serum fructosamine, creatinine and uric acid levels were determined. Twenty-four hour urine collections were obtained, and microalbumin, glucose, creatinine and uric acid, were measured. 3. The creatinine clearance was higher and the serum uric acid concentration was lower in the diabetic patients (P < 0.05). The 24 h urinary uric acid excretion and filtered uric acid load were similar in both groups. However, the derived parameters of uric acid clearance and fractional excretion were significantly higher in the diabetic patients (P < 0.002 and P < 0.05, respectively). A negative correlation was apparent between serum fructosamine concentration and serum uric acid concentration (r = -0.76). A positive correlation was found between serum fructosamine concentration and fractional uric acid excretion (r = 0.64) and between serum fructosamine concentration and filtered uric acid load (r = 0.66). A positive correlation was found between creatinine clearance and 24 h uric acid excretion (r = 0.61) and between creatinine clearance and filtered uric acid load (r = 0.82).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Creatinine↗
PubMed2000

Dual test diabetes screening project: screening for poor glycemic control in a large workplace population.

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a dual test blood glucose/fructosamine home monitoring system to screen individuals in the workplace for poor glycemic control. Screening values qualifying individuals for 90 days of additional monitoring were as follows: fasting blood glucose > or =126 mg/dL, casual blood glucose > or =140 mg/dL, and/or fructosamine <310 micromol/L. Subjects with positive values were provided access to classroom instruction by a Certified Diabetes Educator. The population consisted of 100 males and 177 females, ages 22-71 years, mean 49.7 years, with 12 males and 22 females reporting diabetes. Their ethnic backgrounds were 17.7% African American, 0.4% Asian, 1.8% Hispanic, 0.4% mixed, and 79.8% Caucasian reflecting the general United States population. A total of 26 males and 27 females had results indicating poor glycemic control. Of the known individuals with diabetes, seven of 12 males and 15 of 22 females had positive results. More males than females were unaware of their potential for diabetes but of those previously diagnosed with diabetes more females than males had poor glycemic control. A total of 31 subjects tested positive for blood glucose, 39 tested positive for fructosamine, indicating a 15.1% (p < 0.005) improvement in detection chances with fructosamine. Cost per subject including equipment, supplies, and labor was $18.13. Study results indicate that the addition of a fructosamine test improves screening accuracy for large groups of people while retaining ease of use and affordability.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

A prospective study of glycemic control during holiday time in type 2 diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVE: In the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study, A1C increased from 1.2 to 1.7% and fasting plasma glucose from 1.0 to 2.8 mmol/l over 10 years in type 2 diabetic patients. It is not known whether the blood glucose increase observed in long-term studies of type 2 diabetes results from small, steady increases throughout the year or from increases during discrete periods. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: To estimate the variation of actual glycemic control and its relation to holiday times, we measured A1C and fructosamine in 110 patients with type 2 diabetes. These measurements were performed four times at intervals of 4-6 weeks; therefore, glycemic change was determined for three periods: preholiday period (from between November 13 and December 20 to between December 20 and January 20), holiday period (from between December 20 and January 20 to between January 28 and February 28), and postholiday period (from between January 28 and February 28 to between March 1 and April 10). A final measurement of A1C was obtained from 90 subjects in the following December or January. RESULTS: The mean A1C increased, but not significantly, during the preholiday (increase 0.135 +/- 0.723%, P = 0.055) and holiday (increase 0.094 +/- 0.828%, P = 0.239) periods. The mean A1C decreased, but not significantly, during the postholiday period (decrease 0.022 +/- 0.588%, P = 0.695). Altogether, the A1C change during these three periods increased significantly (increase 0.207 +/- 0.943%, P = 0.024). The mean fructosamine increased significantly during the preholiday period (increase 0.151 +/- 0.460 mmol/l, P = 0.001), but there was no significant change during the holiday period (increase 0.057 +/- 0.593 mmol/l, P = 0.321). However, fructosamine decreased significantly during the postholiday period (decrease 0.178 +/- 0.448 mmol/l, P < 0.001). Altogether, the fructosamine changes during the study periods showed no significant difference (increase 0.030 +/- 0.566 mmol/l, P = 0.579). Between March or early April and the following December or January, there was no additional change in A1C (decrease 0.009 +/- 1.039%, P = 0.935) for the 90 participants who returned for follow-up treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates an influence of winter holidays on the glycemic control of patients who have type 2 diabetes, and this poor glycemic control might not be reversed during the summer and autumn months. Therefore, the cumulative effects of the yearly A1C gain during the winter holidays are likely to contribute to the substantial increase in A1C that occurs every year among type 2 diabetic individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Determination of glycated hemoglobin in patients with advanced liver disease.

AIM: To evaluate the glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) determination methods and to determine fructosamine in patients with chronic hepatitis, compensated cirrhosis and in patients with chronic hepatitis treated with ribavirin. METHODS: HbA(1c) values were determined in 15 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis and in 20 patients with chronic hepatitis using the ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography and the immunoassay methods. Fructosamine was determined using nitroblue tetrazolium. RESULTS: Forty percent of patients with liver cirrhosis had HbA(1c) results below the non-diabetic reference range by at least one HbA(1c) method, while fructosamine results were either within the reference range or elevated. Twenty percent of patients with chronic hepatitis (hepatic fibrosis) had HbA(1c) results below the non-diabetic reference range by at least one HbA(1c) method. In patients with chronic hepatitis treated with ribavirin, 50% of HbA(1c) results were below the non-diabetic reference using at least one of the HbA(1c) methods. CONCLUSION: Only evaluated in context with all liver function parameters as well as a red blood count including reticulocytes, HbA(1c) results should be used in patients with advanced liver disease. HbA(1c) and fructosamine measurements should be used with caution when evaluating long-term glucose control in patients with hepatic cirrhosis or in patients with chronic hepatitis and ribavirin treatment.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of blood protein levels between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with retinopathy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare serum protein levels between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with retinopathy. STUDY DESIGN: Comparative study. PLACE AND DURATION: Ziauddin Medical University and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan, from 2000 to 2002. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty patients were selected. Among them, 21 were diabetic patients without any clinical evidence of chronic diabetic complications; 20 were diabetic patients with retinopathy and 19 were non-diabetic patients with retinopathy. Twenty-one apparently normal, age, gender and weight-matched control subjects were also inducted. All these patients were selected on clinical grounds. Blood values, fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum fructosamine, glycosylated plasma protein, hexosamine, sialic acid and total serum proteins were determined and compared. RESULTS: Fasting plasma glucose was high in all diabetic patients and correlated significantly with glycosylated hemoglobin, glycosylated plasma proteins and serum fructosamine concentrations. Fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, glycosylated plasma proteins, serum fructosamine, sialic acid, hexosamine and total serum protein were increased in diabetic patients with retinopathy and diabetic patients without any complications. These values were not different in diabetic patients with retinopathy and diabetic patients without chronic complications as compared with control subjects. Alpha-1 and alpha-2 globulins were significantly increased in diabetic patients with retinopathy, diabetic patients without complications and non-diabetic patients with retinopathy as compared with control subjects. Beta globulin was significantly increased in diabetic patients with retinopathy as compared with non-diabetic patients with retinopathy, diabetic patients without complication and control subjects. Gamma globulin was significantly decreased in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with retinopathy. CONCLUSION: Fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, glycosylated plasma proteins, serum fructosamine, sialic acid, hexosamine and total serum protein were increased in diabetic patients with and without complications but these parameters remained within normal limits in non-diabetic patients with retinopathy. The decrease in gamma globulins may be associated with a retinopathy.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of oral antidiabetic agents on fructose biosynthesis].

The oral antidiabetic drugs (glyformin, glyclaside, glycvidon, glybenclamide) at a concentration of 10-196 mM affect the synthesis of fructosamine in an incubation medium containing 40 mM of glucose and 5% of human serum albumin. All these drugs decrease the fructosamine yield measured in the medium on the 4th day of incubation at 37-198 degrees C, while the effect of glycvidon is pronounced even on the 7th day. The introduction of glyformin, glycvidon, and glybenclamide at an amount close to the maximum daily dose over a period of one month reduces the level of fructosamine in the blood of rats with experimental diabetes mellitus, while not affecting the level of glucose in the blood of test animals. Thus, the oral antidiabetic drugs reduce the level of fructosamine--an agent known to modify the protein structure, thus favoring the development of complications in the course of diabetes under permanent hyperglycemia conditions.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Analysis of glycated albumin in postmortem blood samples as the diagnostic parameters of diabetes mellitus.

Glycated hemoglobin (GHb), fructosamine and glycated albumin (GA) in hemolytic sera from cadavers were analyzed for the postmortem diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. The levels of GHb and fructosamine were determined by boronate affinity chromatography and colorimetry, respectively. Albumin fraction was isolated from the samples by Affi-Gel Blue affinity chromatography. The glycated and non-glycated molecules were separated by boronate affinity chromatography, and quantitated by bromcresol green method. Fructosamine could not be analyzed from highly hemolytic sera containing more than 10 g/l hemoglobin. In such samples, the levels of GHb and GA were deviated from the standard values, indicating their postmortem degradation. In less hemolytic samples, GA was as informative as GHb and fructosamine for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical chemical parameters for metabolic control of patients with diabetes mellitus].

Fructosamine and various measures of blood glucose were compared to glycosylated hemoglobin as indices of glycaemic control in 148 patients with insulin treated diabetes. Fructosamine correlated fairly well with glycosylated hemoglobin (r = 0.67), but around 40 per cent of the patients with glycosylated hemoglobin below upper reference limit had a fructosamine value over upper reference limit and vice versa. The possibility to predict the level of glycosylated hemoglobin from fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and self-measured blood glucose was poor. The difference in self-measured blood glucose from patients with high versus low levels of glycosylated hemoglobin was very modest (0.5-2.0 mmol/l). It is concluded that it is reasonable to measure both glycosylated hemoglobin and fructosamine to evaluate glycaemic control in insulin treated diabetic patients. Fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and self-measured blood glucose only seem to reflect glycaemic control to a minor degree.

Adult↗