Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Flushing”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Interaction of uterine flushings with mouse blastocysts in vitro as assessed by the incorporation of [3H]uridine.

Culture of mouse blastocysts in medium supplemented with uterine flushings from mice at random stages of the oestrous cycle resulted in a depression of [3H]uridine incorporation. This depression was maintained for up to 12 h, but by 24 h of culture, inhibition of uterine incorporation was no longer apparent. The loss of inhibition wa due to a change in the activity of the flushings and not to a change in the ability of blastocysts to respond to the inhibitory influence. The inhibition of [3H]uridine incorporation was maintained for at least 24 h when blastocysts were transferred every 6 h to fresh uterine flushings.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Prostaglandin F and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F in the endometrium and uterine flushings of sheep before implantation.

The concentrations of prostaglandin F (PGF) and its major metabolite, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGFM), were measured in caruncular and intercaruncular endometrium of pregnant and non-pregnant ewes on Days 9, 11, 13 and 15 after mating (Day 0) and related to the content of PGF and PGFM in the uterine flushings. The tissue concentrations of PGF and PGFM increased with time after mating particularly on Days 13 and 15 and to a greater extent in pregnancy. However, the ratio of PGF to PGFM remained constant at 0.7, except on Day 15 in non-pregnant endometrium when it fell to 0.3 (P less than 0.05), suggesting that synthesis rather than metabolism was limiting tissue concentrations of PGs. The changes in tissue concentrations of PGF and PGFM were reflected in the contents of PGF and PGFM in the uterine flushings of non-pregnant, but not pregnant ewes. Pregnant ewes had relatively more PGF and less PGFM than did non-pregnant ewes on Day 15. Moreover, there was always 5-10-fold less PGFM than PGF in the uterine flushings. It is concluded that the increase in PG in the uterine lumen in pregnancy has its origin in the blastocyst, and that pregnancy may be associated with an increase in the synthesis and retention of PGs in the endometrium, rather than a redistribution towards the uterine lumen away from the uterine venous drainage.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Use of heparin versus lepirudin flushes to prevent withdrawal occlusion of central venous access devices.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether lepirudin flushes are more effective than heparinized saline in preventing withdrawal occlusion of central venous access devices. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind clinical trial. SETTING: Research institution-tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: Forty-nine adults undergoing bone marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancies or metastatic solid tumors. INTERVENTION: Twenty-four patients received heparin and 25 received lepirudin flushes. The heparin dose was 3 ml of porcine heparin 100 U/ml (300 U) per catheter lumen at least once/day; the lepirudin dose was 3 ml of lepirudin 100 microg/ml (300 microg) per catheter lumen at least once/day. After 3-4 weeks, all 49 patients received the heparin flushes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Efficacy was assessed by the frequency with which the patients were treated with alteplase instillations for withdrawal occlusion of their central venous access devices during the first 4 months of catheterization. Three (12.5%) patients treated with heparin alone and five (20%) treated initially with lepirudin required alteplase instillations for an estimated relative risk with lepirudin versus heparin of 1.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40-13.86, p=0.70). CONCLUSION: Lepirudin was not more effective than heparin, which may have been related to the conservative dose of lepirudin administered. However, higher lepirudin doses are likely to incur an unacceptable risk of systemic anticoagulation.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed2006

The hop phytoestrogen, 8-prenylnaringenin, reverses the ovariectomy-induced rise in skin temperature in an animal model of menopausal hot flushes.

The mechanisms underlying menopausal hot flushes are poorly understood, although it is generally assumed they result from disturbances of thermoregulatory centres in the hypothalamus. 8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN) has been identified as a potent phytoestrogen in hops (Humulus lupulus) and there are claims that hop-containing preparations can reduce hot flushes. We have investigated the site of action of 8-PN in a rat model of menopausal hot flushes, in which the tail skin temperature (TST) is increased after oestrogen withdrawal induced by ovariectomy. Daily s.c. administration of either 17beta-oestradiol (E2; 4 microg/kg) or 8-PN (400 microg/kg) significantly reduced the elevated TST after 2 days of treatment. Subcutaneous co-administration of either E2 or 8-PN with the oestrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, ICI 182,780 (200 microg/kg), which is thought not to cross the blood-brain barrier, completely blocked the effect of E2 and 8-PN on TST. The ERalpha- and ERbeta-specific agonists, 4,4',4''-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol (100 microg/kg) and 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (60 microg/kg) respectively, both significantly reversed the raised TST in ovariectomised rats. These observations suggest that the regulation of the vasomotor response by oestrogens and phytoestrogens is mediated, at least in part, by peripheral mechanisms involving both ERalpha and ERbeta.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Characteristics of particle-associated PAHs in a first flush of a highway runoff.

Runoff monitoring of six rainfall events was carried out in a highway, Winterthur, Switzerland focusing on first flush (runoff volume up to 2.88 mm). Six runoff events were used to investigate the characteristics of particle-associated PAHs in first flush. The fine fraction (< 45 microm) had a relatively higher contribution than the coarse fraction. A significant contribution of the coarse fraction was observed at some periods when the runoff flow rapidly increased. Fluctuation of PAH content during a runoff event was significant in the coarse fraction and, in contrast, the PAH content in the fine fraction was less fluctuating. The weighted average PAH content in each event ranged from 17 to 62 microg/g in total SS, from 23 to 54 microg/g in the fine fraction and from 16 to 84 microg/g in the coarse fraction. The loading of particle-associated PAHs from the first flush of highway runoff ranged from 0.06 to 0.22 g/ha in a total of 12 PAH species.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2006

Long term monitoring of sewer sediment accumulation and flushing experiments in a man-entry sewer.

This paper presents continuous field experiments carried out during 4 years in a man-entry egg-shaped combined sewer in Lyon, France in order to contribute to the knowledge and the modelling of sediment accumulation and sediment removal by means of a Hydrass flushing gate. The 250 microm sediments are mainly mineral, and their physical and chemical characteristics appear as rather stable in time and space. Long-term sediment monitoring reveals: (i) a regular asymptotic increase of both the sediment mass and the slope of its longitudinal profile, (ii) a clear correlation between local sediment profile irregularities and sewer ancillaries but without significant influence on the global and long term accumulation. Simple sediment accumulation modelling shows: (i) a good suitability of a three parameters conceptual model to reproduce asymptotic sediment volume accumulation, and (ii) a good suitability of the Velikanov model to reproduce sediment profiles. Both models reproduce observations with an acceptable margin of uncertainty for operational management purposes but are very sensitive to input data and parameter values. The Hydrass flushing gate is efficient and it appeared that the mass of sediments moves downstream linearly with the number of flushes.

Drainage, Sanitary↗
PubMed1984

Prevention of postvenographic thrombosis by heparin flush: fibrinogen uptake measurements.

The incidence of postphlebographic venous thrombosis was investigated by 125I-labeled fibrinogen uptake tests in 60 patients whose veins were flushed with saline solution containing 10,000 IU of heparin after leg phlebography. Ionic methylglucamine iodamide was used as the contrast medium. In six patients superficial thrombophlebitis extending from the contrast-medium injection site was observed after phlebography. The incidence of deep venous thrombosis was 3.3%, significantly less than that reported for studies using triiodinated ionic contrast media without flushing the veins with a heparin solution. It is comparable to the incidence of venous thrombosis reported after using nonionic contrast media. The authors conclude that flushing the veins with heparinized saline solution can improve the safety of phlebography considerably.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Reduction of contrast material dose and artifacts by a saline flush using a double power injector in helical CT of the thorax.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate a combined method of contrast material bolus followed by saline solution flush for thoracic helical CT and statistical comparison with a uniphasic injection protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients underwent helical CT of the thorax using 60 ml of contrast material (370 mg I/ml) followed by flushing with 30 ml of physiologic saline solution. These 50 patients had been examined before using our previous protocol, 75 ml of the same contrast material without a subsequent saline solution. Mean attenuation values for both protocols were measured in the superior vena cava, the pulmonary trunk, and the ascending aorta. Image artifacts and mediastinal and hilar depiction were graded and compared. RESULTS: Mean attenuation values in the superior vena cava were considerably higher in the regimen without saline solution flush (459 H versus 352 H) and in the pulmonary trunk and the ascending aorta were almost identical for both protocols. Injection of saline solution diminished surrounding artifacts (p = 0.001). Grading results for the evaluation of mediastinal and hilar structures were not significantly different in the two protocols (p = 0.564). CONCLUSION: Injection of contrast material followed by a saline solution bolus using a double power injector when performing thoracic helical CT allows a 20% reduction of contrast material volume to 60 ml with a similar degree of enhancement. In addition, perivenous artifacts in the superior vena cava are significantly reduced.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Insulin responses to glucose in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with and without the chlorpropamide-alcohol flush: effect of salicylate and naloxone.

We examined the role of endogenous opiates and/or prostaglandins on the abnormal insulin secretion characteristic of some non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. A group of chlorpropamide-alcohol flush positive (CPAF+) and a group of flush negative (CPAF-) non-insulin-dependent subjects were compared as to their pancreatic beta-cell responses to intravenous glucose tolerance tests before and after sodium salicylate infusion, and before and after naloxone infusion. There was no difference in mean insulin secretion (either first or second phase) between CPAF+ versus CPAF- groups. Both groups increased their insulin secretion with salicylate infusion, and both had a small decrease with naloxone infusion. There was no correlation between chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing and beta-cell response to glucose.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Does physical exercise influence the frequency of postmenopausal hot flushes?

The frequency of moderate and severe hot flushes was investigated in a group of women (n = 142) who took part in organized physical exercise on a regular basis, and a control group of all women 52 and 54 years old in the city of Linköping, Sweden (n = 1,246). Only women with natural menopause and without a history of hormonal replacement treatment were statistically compared in the study. It appeared that moderate and severe vegetative symptoms with hot flushes and sweatings were only half as common among the physically active postmenopausal women (21.5%) as in the control group (43.8%). Although this could be due to a positive selection of these physically active women, it might also be due to the fact that exercise may affect the mechanisms that elicit hot flushes in peri- and postmenopausal women.

Climacteric↗
PubMed2001

Designing a new flushing machine: a compromise between tradition and modernity.

Sewer cleaning has always been difficult and unhealthy work. Paris had to contrive, for sewermen, specific flushing units for removing grit from its interceptors. These machines, which are over a hundred years old and only take power from the water flow, could not be replaced by more mechanised systems based upon different concepts. It appears from these setbacks that all the connections with the past should not be severed; on the contrary, one should initiate a process relying upon a thorough review of the existing equipment and a new approach to in-water grit flushing. The resulting data then served as a basis for devising the concept of a new flushing machine which, though not revolutionary, will meet the operators' expectations.

Facility Design and Construction↗
PubMed2002

Prostaglandin E(2) and F(2 alpha) production by equine conceptuses and concentrations in conceptus fluids and uterine flushings recovered from early pregnant and dioestrous mares.

A growing equine conceptus must suppress the cyclical release of PGF(2 alpha) from the endometrium to effect maternal recognition of its presence in the uterus. Paradoxically, the conceptus itself secretes PGF(2 alpha), together with other prostaglandins. In this study, the PGF(2 alpha) and PGE(2) content of, and production in vitro by, day 10-32 equine conceptuses were measured and the influence of pregnancy on the concentrations of these prostaglandins in the uterine lumen was examined. In vitro, the release of both prostaglandins per mg conceptus tissue was very high on day 10 after ovulation and lower thereafter. However, while PGF(2 alpha) production decreased further after day 18 of gestation, PGE(2) production remained high until day 32. Prostaglandin concentrations in yolk sac fluid were unaffected by gestational age and PGE(2) concentrations in this compartment were two to five times higher than PGF(2a) concentrations. PGF(2 alpha) concentrations reached high values in uterine flushings recovered from cyclic mares during days 14-16 after ovulation, the expected time of luteolysis, but were negligible in flushings recovered from pregnant mares at this time. Beyond day 18 of gestation, PGF(2 alpha) concentrations in uterine flushings were high and strikingly similar to those recorded during cyclical luteolysis. It is concluded that the equine conceptus effects maternal recognition of pregnancy primarily by inhibiting the ability of the endometrium to release PGF(2 alpha) during days 12-16 after ovulation. However, the conceptus appears to delay, rather than prevent, the development of the uterine PGF(2 alpha) release pathway and an alternative mechanism must prevent luteolysis from being triggered during days 18-32 of gestation.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Flushing protocols for tunneled central venous catheters: an integrative review of the literature.

The flushing regimes for and associated practices related to tunneled central venous catheters (Hickman and Broviac) vary widely. Recommendations for flushing tunneled central venous catheters are abundant in the literature, but few are research-based. This manuscript describes the clinical problem and summarizes six research-based studies that appear in the literature. Practice recommendations based on this review include using 5 mL of 10 unit/mL of heparin once or twice weekly. It is clear that additional prospective randomized studies are needed to elucidate the optimal flushing regime for patients with tunneled central venous catheters.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

The immediate effect of natural plant extract, Angelica sinensis and Matricaria chamomilla (Climex) for the treatment of hot flushes during menopause. A preliminary report.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficiency of a medicinal herb extract preparation (Climex) for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. METHOD: In this placebo-controlled experiment on 55 postmenopausal women who complained of hot flushes and refused hormonal therapy. The women were randomly divided into two groups, one to receive Climex (5 chewable tablets daily between meals) and the other group to receive a placebo; both groups would take the tablets for 12 weeks. The women were asked to complete a daily structured (Kupperman) questionnaire assessing the frequency and intensity of menopausal symptoms, starting one week prior to treatment to the completion of the study. All women underwent hormone profile measurements and transvaginal ultrasonography evaluation before and after treatment. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the study group and the control group in the decrease in number and intensity of hot flushes from baseline to completion of treatment (90-96% vs 15-25%, p < 0.001). In the study group, a response was already noted during the first month of treatment (68% +/- 2% reduction of hot flushes during the day and 74% +/- 4% during the night). There was also a marked alleviation of sleep disturbances and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with Climex seems to be effective for menopausal symptoms without apparent major adverse effects. This hormone-free preparation may be used as an important modality for menopausal women with contraindications for hormone replacement therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of the methods for first flush analysis in urban watersheds.

The general tendency between the ratio of cumulative pollutant loads and the ratio of cumulative runoff appears as a nonlinear form which can be expressed in the form of a third polynomial. In this paper third degree polynomials were applied to represent the first flush curves based on the relationship between the cumulative pollutant load ratio and cumulative runoff ratio. The quantity of stormwater runoff and quality constituents, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ortho-phosphorus (PO4-P), total phosphorus (TP), n-hexane extracts (HEM), and iron (Fe) were analysed. The objectives of this study were (1) to characterize the quality of stormwater runoff (2) in order to analyse the cumulative curve area ratio and to calculate the first flush coefficients, (3) while also representing the first flush with a third polynomial equation.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intermittent heparin flushing protocols. A standardization issue.

The intermittent intravenous lock is an expedient method for accomplishing periodic I.V. procedures. Unfortunately, the heparinized saline solution used to flush these catheters has not been standardized to any acceptable degree. In response to this lack of standardization, a nationwide survey was conducted to obtain a consensus that might lead to a recommendation of standards for heparin flushing protocols. This article presents the results of the survey and reviews literature regarding current flushing protocols.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed2006

Effect of heparin in arterial line flushing solutions on platelet count: a randomised double-blind study.

INTRODUCTION: Arterial catheters are widely used in intensive care units for continuous blood pressure monitoring and blood sampling. Studies have examined the effect of heparin on patency of arterial catheters but not on platelet counts. Heparin is a naturally occurring anticoagulant that helps prevent clotting and is given to prevent and treat thrombosis. It has many other effects, including reducing platelet counts. METHODS: A prospective, randomised, double-blind study compared the effects of heparinised and normal saline (both administered via a continuous flush device to an arterial catheter) on patients' platelet counts. All patients admitted to a mixed medical-surgical ICU between April and December 2003 were eligible for entry. Exclusion criteria were age under 16 years, known sensitivity to heparin, pre-existing coagulopathy that precluded heparin, or requirement for therapeutic heparin. Lines were inserted into radial, brachial or femoral arteries. A 500 mL bag of saline for the flush was injected with numbered syringes, containing either normal saline (NS, 35 patients) or 500 IU heparin (HS, 30 patients), and pressurised. Platelet count was assessed daily. RESULTS: Mean platelet counts were 234.6 x 10(9)/L (NS) versus 256.6 x 10(9)/L (HS). Comparison using the central limit theorem showed means were not different at the 95% confidence interval (- 77.6 to 37 x 10(9)/L). CONCLUSION: Use of heparin in normal saline as a continuous flush for an arterial catheter does not reduce platelet counts in critically ill patients.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1992

Future horizons of lung preservation by application of a platelet-activating factor antagonist compared with current clinical standards. Euro-Collins flush perfusion versus donor core cooling.

With the introduction of platelet-activating factor antagonists, a direct inhibition of ischemia-induced reperfusion injury can be achieved by prevention of platelet activation, reduction of microvascular leakage, and platelet-activating factor-induced bronchoconstriction. At present, two preservation methods are established for clinical lung preservation: (1) donor core cooling by extracorporeal circulation and (2) pulmonary artery flush with Euro-Collins solution and prostacyclin. We compared the quality of organ preservation obtained with these methods to the application of a platelet-activating factor antagonist (WEB 2170; 0.3 mg/kg) for the donor, perfusion solution, and throughout the first 6 hours of reperfusion in combination with prostacyclin (20 ng/kg/min) and Euro-Collins solution (60 ml/kg). Eighteen heterotopic heart and orthotopic left lung transplants were performed in three groups of six dogs each after 6 hours of cold ischemia (group I, donor core cooling; group II, Euro-Collins flush and prostacyclin; group III, Euro-Collins flush, prostacyclin, and WEB 2170). Myocardial preservation was achieved with St. Thomas' Hospital solution (20 ml/kg) in all groups. After transplantation, cardiorespiratory function was assessed at an inspired oxygen fraction of 0.4. After transplantation, superior results were observed in group III, as expressed by significantly improved oxygenation, while cardiac output and pulmonary artery pressures were similar in all groups. We concluded that the use of the platelet-activating factor antagonist WEB 2170 resulted in better lung preservation than current clinical standards.

Animals↗