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PubMed1985

Epidemiologic study of carcinoma in situ of the cervix.

From 1950 to 1979, 1,248 cases of cancer in situ were treated in the Department of Gynecology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo. Detailed data were obtained from 585 of the patients by interview. Many patients had had their first sexual experience at an early age. Many had had more than two sexual partners, and there was a large discrepancy between the age at first sexual intercourse and at first marriage. The above factors seem to be related to the development of cancer in situ.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed2001

[Precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix in cameroonian women. Cytological and epidemiological aspects of 946 cases].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to present the cytological and epidemiological aspects of precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix of women living in the two first cameroonian cities (Yaounde and Doubla). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material was made of pap smears registrar of the Yaounde Central Hospital pathological laboratory and the reports of cervical cancer screening from Douala and Yaounde within a period of five years (1st January 1994 to 31st December 1998). We recruited all cases showing a precancerous lesion of the uterine cervix. For each case, we noted: the type of lesion, the age of the patient, the age at the first sexual intercourse, the age at the first delivery, the number of pregnancies, the parity, the marital status, the socioeconomical class. RESULTS: From a total of 13524 pap smears done, 946 (7%) have shown precancerous lesions. 70% of these were high grade while 30% were low grade. These lesions were observed at all age from the range of 11 to 15 years. All women showing these lesions had had sexual intercourse. 30% of these lesions were noted among women who have had their first sexual intercourses between 10 and 15 years. 40% were observed among women who have had their first sexual intercourses between 16 and 18 years. 66% among women who have had their first delivery between 13 and 21 years. 92% are observed among women who have had more than five pregnancies, more than five parities; 54% among women who are married and 76% among bachelors and widows; 64% among women with low socioeconomical status; 9% among women with high socioeconomical status. CONCLUSION: Many cameroonian women are prone to cervical cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Epidemiologic study by interview on carcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri].

From 1950 to 1979, 1248 patients with cancer in situ of the cervix uteri were treated at the Department of Gynecology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo. Information was obtained from 585 of these patients by direct interview. Many patients revealed early experience of first sexual intercourse and many had had more than two sexual partners and a large discrepancy between the age at first sexual intercourse and at first marriage. Early experience of first sexual intercourse, marital status and the number of sexual partners all seem to have a relation to the development of cancer in situ.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Profile of sexual behavior in 12- to 19-year-old Mexican adolescents. Results of ENSA 2000].

OBJECTIVE: To describe traits associated with sexual behaviors in Mexican adolescents, their knowledge about contraception, and factors associated with pregnancy and utilization of contraceptives during first sexual intercourse. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from the Mexican National Health Survey 2000 (ENSA 2000) were analyzed. This study, conducted between September 1999 and March 2000, was a complex survey with a probabilistic, stratified, and cluster sampling design. The sample population included 15 241 adolescents 12 to 19 years of age. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and a chi-squared test for differences of proportions; also, logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios. RESULTS: A total of 69.2% adolescents reported knowledge of at least one contraception method; 16.4% of subjects reported having had sexual intercourse. Males initiated sexual intercourse earlier than females and only 37% of all adolescents utilized contraceptives during their first sexual intercourse. Logistic regression analysis showed that being male, having a higher education, having knowledge of at least one contraception method, and having initiated sexual intercourse at an older age, were factors associated with utilization of a contraception method in their first sexual intercourse. A total of 55.7% of sexually active female adolescents had been pregnant. Pregnancy among adolescents was associated with low educational level, sexual activity at early age, and to have sometime lived in free union. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of sexually active adolescents did not use contraception during their first sexual intercourse, rendering them at risk of unwanted pregnancies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Sexual behaviour of young and middle aged men in England and Wales.

Establishing patterns of sexual behaviour is essential in predicting the future spread of HIV. The sexual behaviour patterns of a randomly selected sample of 480 white men aged 15 to 49 were obtained by interview and analysed in relation to age, social class, and area of residence. Over half of the men had first had intercourse before the age of 18 and over three quarters had done so before the age of 20. Age at first intercourse tended to be lower in more recent birth cohorts and in social classes III, IV, and V. Men in earlier birth cohorts tended to have had fewer heterosexual partners, both regular and casual, than those born more recently, but there were no social class or regional differences in the number of partners. Eight of the 480 men (1.7%, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 2.3%) stated that they had had homosexual intercourse, four of whom had had one casual homosexual partner. Only one man had had more than 25 homosexual partners. The number of men having had homosexual intercourse was lower than is widely thought. When possible, data were checked with national data or other surveys and thought to be accurate. The difficulties in collecting data of this nature are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Use of condoms among Mexican adolescents for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current sexual behavior and condom use during the first sexual intercourse among adolescents, as well as variations and factors influencing condom use at first sexual intercourse. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data source for this study was Mexico's National Health Survey 2000. Study subjects were male and female adolescents aged 12 to 19 years (n = 16,258). Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression, to assess the association of four types of factors (demographic, socioeconomic, cultural, and cognitive) with condom use during the first sexual intercourse. RESULTS: Males and residents of urban areas reported greater sexual activity and condom use. Typically, adolescents who used condoms during the first sexual intercourse were male, older, resided in urban areas, non-speakers of an indigenous language, and with higher schooling. CONCLUSIONS: New policies should be framed to prevent sexually transmitted infections to span the gap between knowledge and practice, targeting adolescents starting sexual activity earlier, those who speak an indigenous language, living in rural areas, with less schooling, and females. The English version of this paper is available too at:http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Sexual development of Czech girls before and after November 1989].

BACKGROUND: It was revealed that sexual development and behaviour of adolescents, in particular girls, reflect rapidly and immediately changes in the social environment. The objective of the present investigation was to assess whether changes of the psychosexual development of girls occurred, i.e. girls examined in 1986 to 1989 and those examined after "velvet revolution" between 1990 to 1994. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using a interview based on a uniform examination pattern comprising 78 items, two sexologists examined in 1986 to 1994 the sexual development and behaviour of 771 Czech girls aged 16-18 years. This number comprised 317 apprentices and 454 secondary school students. The sexological examination was made in Frantiskovy Láznĕ where the probands were sent for preventive treatment, mostly after appendectomies. Comparison of the two sub-groups revealed that the apprentices and students reported changes as regards the motivation of the first sexual intercourse. After November 1989 there was a decline in the group "complied" and a marked increase of the number in the category "desired herself". It was surprising that the psychosexual development of girls after the "velvet revolution" was rather retarded than hastened. The most marked change was recorded in the category "intercourse with several partners" -a drop by 12% (p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The findings that despite a markedly increased motivation for the first intercourse in the examined girls no changes were recorded in the girls in some items which characterize the development of sex life, is surprising.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Medical aspects of adolescent sexuality].

The increase of sexual activity among the adolescents has become a danger to their reproductive health. The goal of this study was to explore sexual behaviour of young people, to establish risks that endanger their reproductive health, and to find out the ways to reduce the consequences of adolescent sexuality. The study was conducted in the Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia over a 2-year period. The sexual and reproductive behaviour, attitudes toward sexuality and contraception, as well as the prevalence rates of unintended pregnancy and Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections were analyzed in 300 sexually active adolescent females, aged 19 years. The first sexual intercourse was in 16.9 years, in average. Less than one-third of the total number (31.3%) of these persons had contraceptive protection at the first intercourse; condom was most frequently used (28.3%). Motives for the initiation of sexual activity were: love (45.7%), curiosity (35.7%), physical attraction and passion (8.3%), peer pressure (5.0%), on the boyfriend's insistence (4.7%), need for love (0.3%) and without answer (0.3%). Two-thirds of adolescent females (63.7%) reported more than one partner, 21.7% more than three and 10.2% more than five sexual partners. Almost half of girls (40.7%) experienced sexual intercourse in casual acquaintance, and 10.3% with a 10 or more years older partner. Use of contraceptive methods during each sexual encounter was inconsistent and sporadic. More than half of adolescent females (54.3%) relied on traditional forms of contraception, like withdrawal of the phallus. Condom was the method of contraceptive choice in one-third (34.3%) of girls, "birth-control pill" in 10.7% and spermicides in 0.7% of subjects. With a new sexual partner condom was used regularly by 55.6% of adolescents; and the remaining percentage of girls used condom irregularly (24.7%), or never (19.7%). The time interval between the initiation of sexual activity and the first gynaecological examination was more than 6 months in 56.7% of cases, and from one to three years in 31.0% of tested adolescent females. The reasons for the first gynaecological visit were as follows: fear of getting pregnant (22.0%), suspicion of contracting a sexually transmitted disease (22.0%) and symptoms indicating a pelvic inflammatory disease (18.3%). Only one-third of girls (37.7%) had their first gynaecological examination as a regular control examination or to get some contraceptive advice. During the adolescence unwanted pregnancy was noted in 16.0% of examined girls. One legal abortion had 14.4% of girls, two 1.3% and three 0.3% of adolescent females. Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection was found in 30.3% of girls. In the girls' opinion the improved knowledge about sexuality, reproduction and contraception is the best way of popularizing contraception among youth. This could be done by introduction of sexual education in school programmes (51.0%) or through mass media (33.3%). A successful health care service for young people should include: a gynaecologist who will have enough time and patience for an adolescent patient (91.3%); a female gynaecologist (36.7%); and a kind other health care workers (21.3%). In order to increase the number of adolescents who will use a condom, the following measures are necessary: a better quality of condoms (54.0%), installation of condom machines (15.6%), mass media education programmes on the significance of the condom role in the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (10.0%), attractive design of condoms (7.0%), free condoms (6.7%), and universal accessibility of condoms (1.0%). The reproductive health of adolescent girls in Belgrade has been endangered by: their sexual behaviour, poor acceptance of healthy life styles, lack of responsibility in sexual relationships and high prevalence rates of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Improvement of adolescent reproductive health could be achieved by: educational programmes for adolescents about sexuality, reproduction and contraception; appropriate adolescent advisory health care services; and a better condom quality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Sexual behavior, venereal diseases, hygiene practices, and invasive cervical cancer in a high-risk population.

A case-control study of 759 women with invasive cervical cancer and 1430 controls in four Latin American countries evaluated risk in relation to sexual behavior, histories of specific venereal diseases, and hygiene practices. Early age at first sexual intercourse and increasing number of sexual partners were associated with significantly increased risks even after adjustment for their mutual effects. Risk increased to a twofold excess among women reporting first intercourse at 14 to 15 years of age compared with 20+ years. The number of steady sexual partners was a more important predictor of risk than the number of nonsteady partners, particularly before age 30, possibly reflecting the need for prolonged or repeated exposures to a transmissible agent, or different methods of protection against sexually transmitted diseases or pregnancy. Reported frequency of intercourse was not generally associated with risk, except among women reporting increased frequencies before 20 years of age. Histories of gonorrhea or crab lice were associated with increased risk, but histories of other venereal diseases were not significant predictors. No consistently increased risks were detected for women reporting specific hygiene or douching habits, except the practice of washing the genitalia infrequently during menstruation. These results provide support for a period of increased susceptibility to carcinogens during adolescence, and suggest that this may be an important determinant of the high incidence of cervical cancer in Latin America.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of sex education on sexual activity, contraceptive use and premarital pregnancy among American teenagers.

Sixty percent of women and 52 percent of men now in their 20s took a sex education course by age 19, according to the 1984 National Longitudinal Survey of Work Experience of Youth. Whites are more likely than either blacks or Hispanics to have had a course by that age--57 percent compared with 53 percent and 48 percent, respectively. The survey also shows that large proportions of teenagers initiate coitus before they have taken a sex education course. Among young women who first have sex at age 15, for example, only 48 percent have already taken a course (i.e., have taken it at a younger age or at the same age); and among young women who first have intercourse at age 18, the proportion is 61 percent. Young men are even less likely than young women to take a course before they begin coitus--at age 15, the figure is 26 percent, and at age 18, 52 percent. Adolescent women who have previously taken a sex education course are somewhat more likely than those who have not to initiate sexual activity at ages 15 and 16 (though they are no more likely to do so at ages 17 and 18). However, the effect of prior sex education is small, and is weaker than that of virtually every other variable found to have a significant relationship with first intercourse at ages 15-16. Among the strongest determinants of first coitus at those ages are infrequent church attendance, parental education of fewer than 12 years and black race. Older sexually active girls who have previously had a course are significantly more likely to use an effective contraceptive method (73 percent) than are those who have never taken a course (64 percent). This relationship may offset any effect that a sex education course may have in raising the likelihood of early first coitus, since no significant association can be found between taking a sex education course and subsequently becoming premaritally pregnant before age 20.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Neighborhood context and racial differences in early adolescent sexual activity.

Evidence suggests that African American youths initiate sexual activity at earlier ages than do European American or Latino youths. Using data from a multilevel study in Chicago, we developed and tested a neighborhood-based model of the timing of first adolescent intercourse that emphasizes the impact of neighborhood structural disadvantage and collective efficacy on early sexual activity (at ages 11 to 16). In turn, we explored the extent to which neighborhood factors account for racial differences in the timing of first intercourse. The findings indicate that demographic background, family processes, peer influences, and developmental risk factors account for about 30% of the baseline increased likelihood of early sexual onset for African American youths compared with European American youths. However, a significant residual racial difference remained even after we considered a host of micro-level factors. Neighborhood-level concentrated poverty largely explained this residual racial difference. Collective efficacy also independently contributed to the delay of sexual onset. No significant baseline difference in age of sexual initiation was found between Latino and European American youths.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The risk of premarital first pregnancy among metropolitan-area teenagers: 1976 and 1979.

Among sexually active teenage women living in metropolitan areas of the United States, the risk of premarital pregnancy within two years of first sexual intercourse rose from 32 percent in 1976 to 36 percent in 1979. As of 1979, 33 percent of unmarried white teenagers, and 43 percent of unmarried black teenagers, had conceived within 24 months of becoming sexually active. The increase in pregnancy risk between 1976 and 1979 was relatively greater for whites than for blacks at three, six and 12 months after first intercourse. The reverse was true at later intervals. The risk of pregnancy is disproportionately concentrated in the early months of sexual activity. Forty-five percent of all premarital pregnancies among those interviewed in 1979 had been conceived within the first six months of sexual activity, and 36 percent had been conceived within three months. In 1976, 27 percent of teenagers who had become sexually active before the age of 15 were premaritally pregnant within two years. By 1979, this proportion had risen to 41 percent--a 52 percent increase in the risk that accounts for almost all of the total three-year increase in premarital pregnancies among sexually active teenagers. The most pronounced increase in risk of pregnancy was registered among whites who became sexually active when they were younger than 15. Their 24-month probability of conception rose from 20 percent in 1976 to 39 percent by 1979. Levels of risk for unwed teenagers who initiated intercourse at ages 15-19 increased relatively little.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions of p53, p21, and IRF-1 polymorphisms in Korean women with cervix cancer.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify gene-gene and gene-environmental factors affecting cervix carcinogenesis in Korean women. METHODS: We evaluated 530 subjects composed of 185 female cervix cancer patients and 345 normal healthy women. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of p53 codon 72, p21 codon 31, and interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) intron 6 were evaluated from extracted DNA of peripheral blood with an automatic DNA sequencer. The differences of each SNP, gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions between normal controls and patients were evaluated in the adjusted environmental background. RESULTS: In the environmental aspect, the rate of cervix cancer increased in the women with a lower level of education, a younger age at first sexual intercourse and more childbearing. The women who had p53 (Arg/Arg), IRF-1 (T/T), and <6 years of education showed a 14.7-fold increased risk of cervix cancer compared to the women who had p53 ( approximately Pro), IRF-1 ( approximately C), and >15 years of education. The women who had p53 (Arg/Arg), p21 (Ser/Ser), and >3 children showed a 6.4-fold increased risk of cervix cancer compared to the women who had p53 ( approximately Pro), p21 ( approximately Arg), and no children. The women who had p53 (Arg/Arg), IRF-1 (T/T), and first sexual intercourse before 22 years old showed a 5.5-fold increased risk of cervix cancer compared to the women who had p53 ( approximately Pro), IRF-1 ( approximately C), and first sexual intercourse after 26 years old. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the level of education, the age at first intercourse, and the number of children were independent risk factors in cervix carcinogenesis. The specific combinations of p53, p21, and IRF-1 gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions were significantly noted in the cervix carcinogenesis of Korean women.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Alcohol, sex and risks of HIV infection.

A complex association between alcohol consumption and sexual behaviour has long since been established. During 1985 a survey of 335 young adults was conducted in South East Scotland. Information was elicited about sexual behaviour, alcohol and other psychoactive drug use. The results indicate that amongst both males and females, age of first sexual intercourse was positively associated with age of first alcohol use, as well as with current use of tobacco and illicit drugs. Respondents who had consumed alcohol immediately prior to first sexual intercourse were markedly less likely than others to have used condoms or other forms of contraception. It is concluded that the use of alcohol and other drugs has clear relevance to unprotected sexual activities and the spread of HIV infection. Future health education should give due weight to this connection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2001

High- and intermediate-risk human papillomavirus infection in sexually active adolescent females.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of high- and intermediate-risk type human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical dysplasia in an urban Swiss adolescent population attending the local Adolescent Clinic, using a liquid-based Pap test combined with risk type HPV DNA testing. To determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in the same study population. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: The Adolescent Clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University Clinic, Geneva, Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS: 134 women between 14 and 20 years of age were enrolled in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A standardized patient file on demographic and sexual history information was compiled and completed by physical examination, including a Pap test with adjunct high- and intermediate-risk type HPV DNA detection. RESULTS: Of the 134 specimens analyzed for HPV, 115 patients were negative and 19 (14.2%) were positive for HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, or 68. A significant association between HPV infection and having had more than one lifetime sexual partner was found (P <.05). Six (31.6%) of the HPV-positive and three (2.6%) of the HPV-negative specimens had a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) by cytology. Abnormal Pap test was related to HPV infection (odds ratio, 46.2; 95% confidence interval, 7.4 to 287.4) and, inversely, to age at first sexual intercourse (odds ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval,.97 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: High- and intermediate-risk type HPV infection is a frequent finding in our study group and is linked to having had more than one lifetime sexual partner. No association was found between HPV infection and other potential risk factors such as patient's age, age at first intercourse, frequency of intercourse during the three months prior to the investigation, smoking habits, or alcohol consumption.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Adolescent girls perceptions of the timing of their sexual initiation: "too young" or "just right"?

PURPOSE: To examine variables associated with adolescent girls' perceptions of the timing of their first consensual intercourse. METHODS: One hundred seventy-four primarily African-American adolescent girls, aged 12 to 15 years participated in a 3-year longitudinal study of psychosexual development. Seventy-three percent reported being sexually experienced by the end of the study. They were asked whether they believed their age of initiation was "too young," "too old," or "just right." A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to evaluate predictors of perception of timing of first consensual intercourse. RESULTS: Ninety-nine (78%) said that they were "too young" and 28 (22%) said that their age had been "just right." The results of the final GEE model indicated that variables associated with perceiving age of first consensual intercourse as "just right" included younger chronological age, an older age of first consensual intercourse, endorsement of being "in love" as a reason for first consensual intercourse, greater indirect parental monitoring (vs. "none" or "direct parental monitoring"), and a higher level of education for mothers. CONCLUSIONS: Most of these adolescents thought their age of initiation was too young. Factors associated with perceiving the timing of consensual intercourse as "just right" are similar to those reported in the literature to be associated with delaying the initiation of consensual intercourse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Knowledge, attitudes, and practices on previous use of contraceptive methods among pregnant teenagers].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices related to previous contraceptive methods used among pregnant teenagers as well as to outline some sociodemographic characteristics and sexual practices. METHODS: An observational study associated to the KAP (Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices) survey was carried out in 156 pregnant teenagers aged 19 years or more. A structured questionnaire was applied before their first prenatal visit from October 1999 to August 2000. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using Pearson's and Yates' chi-square test and logistic regression. RESULTS: The adolescents had an average age of 16.1 years and most were in their first pregnancy (78.8%). Average age of menarche was 12.2 years and their first sexual intercourse was at the age of 14.5 years. Condoms (99.4%) and oral contraceptives (98%) were the most common contraceptive methods known. Of all, 67.3% were not using any contraceptive method before getting pregnant. The main reason reported for not using any contraceptive method was wanting to get pregnant (24.5%). The older ones who reported having religious beliefs and had a higher socioeconomic status had better knowledge on contraceptive methods. Teenagers who had had previous pregnancies reported more often use of contraceptive methods before getting pregnant. CONCLUSIONS: The pregnant teenagers showed to have adequate knowledge of contraceptive methods and agreed to use them throughout their teenage years. Religion, age group, and socioeconomic status were directly related to their knowledge on contraceptive methods, and multiple pregnancies brought more awareness on that. Of all, 54% had used any contraceptive on first sexual intercourse but their use decreased over time and shortly after their first intercourse the studied teenagers got pregnant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A study of sexual behavior change in rural Senegal.

This study describes recent sociodemographic and behavioral changes in a rural community in Senegal and investigates how these changes may have modified the risk of HIV/STD transmission. The authors combine findings from two surveys: (a) a marriage survey among all adults of a rural community of approximately 7,000 inhabitants; and (b) a sexual practices survey conducted among a sample of the same population (165 men and 165 women) between 1989 and 1994. During the last 30 years--between 1955-64 and 1985-92--age at first marriage increased in the study area from 25 to 32 years for men and from 21 to 24 years for women. At the same time, age at first sexual intercourse decreased by approximately 10 years on average for men. As expected, this has led to an increase in premarital sexual activity, and we have documented both an increase in the percentage of individuals declaring sexual relations before marriage and, for men, an increase in the number of sexual partners before marriage. Multipartnership is more frequent among men than women (OR=4.4), among those who had their first intercourse at an early age (OR=3.3), among rural migrants (OR=2.7), and among those who had a good knowledge of AIDS. These findings show how recent changes in marriage, sexual behaviors, and seasonal migration have combined to increase the risk of HIV/STD infection within the community. Male rural migrants and their partners are particularly exposed.

Adult↗