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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Role of oral fluorescein in the diagnosis of early papilloedema in children.

Nine eyes of suspected papilloedema, 21 with incipient papilloedema, and 16 with pseudopapilloedema in 23 children aged 1 month to 10 years were examined after oral fluorescein. In pseudopapilloedema the retinal vascular fluorescence and slight disc head fluorescence with sharp margins at 30 minutes markedly declined by 60 minutes. These features were similar to our earlier findings with oral fluorescein in the normal fundi of children. Of the 30 eyes with suspected or incipient papilloedema late disc and peripapillary 'staining', polar or diffuse was observed in 12, the 60 minutes fluorescence being more than at 30 minutes in nine and of equal in intensity in three. In these 12 'positive' eyes, and four more of the 18 'negative' eyes, the retinal vascular fluorescence at 60 minutes was significantly more than at 30 minutes. The problems of interpretation after oral fluorescein in the early diagnosis of papilloedema in children and the possible fallacies are discussed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fundus angiography with fluorescein-labelled peptide fraction from bovine factor VIII: correlation with histologic findings.

A peptide fraction (VUEFFE) obtained from bovine factor VIII, with a high affinity for vessel endothelium, was bound to fluorescein and used for angiography in rabbits. Several eyes had undergone laser photocoagulation on the retina. The location of the dye was studied histologically with fluorescence microscopy on the enucleated, freeze-dried eyes. The angiographic and histologic findings were compared with findings obtained using sodium fluorescein. Fluorescein-labelled VUEFFE gave a longer lasting fluorescence of the retinal vessels with histologic evidence of dye deposition on the vessel wall. It also showed marked affinity for the photocoagulated tissues, giving intense and prolonged staining of the laser burns. Possible clinical applications are discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Fluorescein angiographic risk factors for progression of diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS report number 13. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group.

In the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS), a multicenter clinical trial sponsored by the National Eye Institute, one eye of each patient was assigned randomly to early photocoagulation and the other to deferral of photocoagulation (i.e., careful follow-up and initiation of photocoagulation only if high-risk proliferative retinopathy developed). This design allowed observation of the natural course of diabetic retinopathy in the initially untreated eye. Gradings of baseline stereoscopic fluorescein angiograms of these eyes were used to examine relationships of angiographic characteristics with each other, with retinopathy severity level and macular edema status graded from color photographs, and with risk of progression from nonproliferative to proliferative retinopathy during 1 to 5 years of follow-up. Fluorescein leakage (particularly diffuse), capillary loss and dilatation, and various arteriolar abnormalities were associated with retinopathy severity and with the likelihood of progression to proliferative retinopathy during follow-up. Severity of fluorescein leakage was strongly associated with macular edema.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Fluorescein and its adverse effects].

The authors investigated physical and chemical properties of fluorescein, a substance widely used in ophthalmology. In view of the increased application of fluorescein angiography in the diabetological programme, the authors draw attention to possible undesirable effects of fluorescein and submit an account of complications recorded after application of this substance to 576 patients examined by this method at the Ophthalmological Clinic in Brno.

Fluorescein↗
PubMed1985

Posterior fluorescein streaming.

Two patients with chronic branch retinal vein occlusions and recurrent vitreous hemorrhages were evaluated with fluorescein angiography. In both patients fluorescein studies revealed a unique pattern of superior fluorescein flow. Possible mechanisms for this process are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Accidental intra-arterial injection of fluorescein dye.

During fluorescein angiography, sodium fluorescein dye intended for intravenous use was inadvertently injected into an artery in the antecubital fossa. An immediate and dramatic orange discoloration of the skin distal to the injection combined with intense burning pain of the right forearm and hand were noted. The patient was treated with ice packs and analgesics. The fluorescein angiogram showed a delayed arm to eye circulation time, but was of normal quality. There were no long-term complications.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

A comparative study on photo-induced electron transfer from fluorescein to anthraquinone and injection into colloidal TiO2.

A dyad-anthraquinone-methyl ester of fluorescein-and its model compound-butyl ester-were synthesized. The effects of photo-induced electron transfer from fluorescein to an organic anthraquinone acceptor and injection into inorganic colloidal TiO(2) were studied respectively. It is found that the photo-induced electron transferring to an organic acceptor is much faster than injecting into inorganic colloidal particles when fluorescein was excited by visible light. While inorganic colloidal TiO(2) was excited by UV, the electron of fluorescein will inject into TiO(2).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Fluorescent probes for dopamine receptors: synthesis and characterization of fluorescein and 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl conjugates of D-1 and D-2 receptor ligands.

Fluorescent probes have been designed and developed for dopamine D-1 and D-2 receptors. Fluorescein and/or NBD (7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) derivatives of PPHT (D-2 agonist), spiperone (D-2 antagonist), SKF 38393 (D-1 agonist), and SKF 83566 (D-1 antagonist) were synthesized via their amino-functionalized analogues and all ligands were pharmacologically evaluated by measuring their ability to displace [3H]SCH 23390 and [3H]spiperone from D-1 and D-2 receptor sites in caudate putamen of monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The fluorescein derivatives of PPHT and SKF 83566 and the NBD derivatives of spiperone and SKF 83566 retained the high affinity and selectivity of the parent ligands. The NBD derivatives of PPHT showed higher D-2 receptor affinity and selectivity than their parent ligands. The enantiomers of the fluorescent derivatives of PPHT were also synthesized and were found to exhibit stereoselectivity in binding to the D-2 receptor, with the S enantiomers having a considerably higher affinity than their R analogues. In contrast to these results, the fluorescein derivative of SKF 38393 showed only a low affinity for the D-1 receptor. These fluorescein- and NBD-coupled D-1 and D-2 receptor ligands have considerable significance as potential probes in the study of distribution of the receptors at the cellular/subcellular level and of their mobility in membranes in normal/diseased states by use of fluorescence microscopic and fluorescence photobleaching recovery techniques, respectively. The development of these novel fluorescent probes should also provide new leads for the design and synthesis of additional fluorescent ligands with better fluorescent properties and/or higher affinity/selectivity for the DA receptors.

2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-ben↗
PubMed2005

Spectral properties of fluorescein molecules in water with the addition of a colloidal suspension of silver.

The absorption, fluorescence excitation, and fluorescence emission spectra of water solutions of fluorescein dye with the addition of various amounts of a colloidal silver suspension have been measured in order to check if in such systems it is possible to distinguish the change in photonic mode density due to the metal presence from the other effects such as the influences of the microemulsion system on the spectral properties of the dye. It has been found that the presence of the silver colloid changes the concentrations of the various ionic forms of fluorescein, characterized by different yields of fluorescence. This effect is partially responsible for the change in the yield of the fluorescence emission observed at certain concentrations of the dye and the colloids. But even at the same concentration of various ionic forms of fluorescein (at the same pH of the dye solution and the dye-colloid mixture), at certain concentrations of fluorescein and the colloid, the yield of the dye fluorescence increases, which must be due to the interaction between the dye and the silver colloid. Because of the superposition of several processes influencing the dye yield of fluorescence, it is necessary to carefully establish the properties of the dye in a given environment, before considering its practical application as a marker of the metal presence. It is not excluded that similar complex effects could also occur in biological samples containing natural pigments and colloids of metals. Investigations of other dyes with other forms of metallic samples are in progress.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Transpupillary diode laser retinopexy in dogs: ophthalmoscopic, fluorescein angiographic and histopathologic study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ophthalmoscopic, fluorescein angiographic and light microscopic effects of diode laser retinopexy application in the tapetal and nontapetal fundus in the dog, and to ascertain appropriate laser power settings for production of photocoagulative lesions in these two regions. ANIMALS STUDIED: Three adult female Beagle dogs. PROCEDURES: Laser burns were applied to selected areas in the fundus with an indirect headset delivery system using settings varying from 100 to 200 milliWatts (mW) and from 100 to 600 milliSeconds (mS) with total delivered energy ranging between 15 and 100 milliJoules (mJ). The dogs were then monitored by ophthalmoscopic examination and fluorescein angiography at regular intervals for 7-28 days. Histopathologic studies were performed at 7, 14 and 28 days after laser application. RESULTS: The diode laser produced ophthalmoscopically visible lesions in the nontapetal fundus with all laser settings used, and the appearance of these lesions corresponded to the energy levels used, and degree of pigment in the lased region. Gray-white colored lesions with minimal subsensory retinal edema were seen with settings as low as 100 mWatts/150 mSeconds. In the tapetal fundus, laser burns were more difficult to produce, less repeatable, and required higher energy levels. Laser burns appeared as bronze, dark green or black discolorations of the tapetum with varying degrees of subsensory retinal edema. Lesions were more reproducible and were achieved with lower settings in the tapetal area of the tapetal/nontapetal junction. Ophthalmoscopically, depigmentation and repigmentation of the RPE (nontapetal fundus) and degenerative changes in the overlying retina (tapetal fundus) developed in the laser burns over the 28-day study period. Fluorescein angiographic studies showed disruption of the blood-retinal barrier at the level of the RPE and fluorescein leakage into the subsensory retinal space was seen in most lesions at 24 h, was minimal at 3 days, and had resolved by 7 days. Histologically, grayish-white lesions in the nontapetal fundus, and bronze to small black lesions in the tapetal fundus were typically characterized by outer retinal necrosis and RPE migration. Gliosis was considered minimal, was confined to the retina, and no inflammatory cells were seen. Peripheral intense white lesions (nontapetum) and lesions with a black center (tapetal fundus) were characterized by more extensive panretinal and choroidal necrosis. Most of the nontapetal lesions and a few in the tapetal fundus showed the formation of a central retinal detachment. CONCLUSIONS: The diode laser effectively produces lesions suitable for retinopexy in both the nontapetal, pigmented fundus and the tapetal fundus, although variably so in the latter region. Initial laser settings of 100-150 mW/200 mS for the pigmented fundus, and 150 mW/200-300 mS for the peripheral tapetal fundus are recommended, and the clinician should gradually increase time interval settings to achieve a grayish-white lesion in the nontapetum, and a bronze to slightly black lesion in the tapetal fundus. If possible, retinopexy should be applied to the peripheral tapetal area or tapetal/nontapetal junction.

Angiography↗
PubMed1987

Identification of methotrexate transport deficiency in mammalian cells using fluoresceinated methotrexate and flow cytometry.

We have studied the frequency of transport mutations in methotrexate-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells using a rapid-flow cytometric technique. After saturating cells with fluoresceinated methotrexate, we examined the ability of hydrophilic and lipophilic antifolates to displace fluoresceinated methotrexate binding to dihydrofolate reductase. Cells with methotrexate transport deficiency are unable to take up methotrexate and thus retain the fluorescence, whereas the lipophilic antifolates displace fluoresceinated methotrexate equally well in sensitive and resistant cell lines. These resistant clones fail to take up methotrexate and occur with high frequencies upon single-step selections at methotrexate concentrations approximately equal to 7-fold the 50% killing concentration. The majority of such first-step resistant clones appear to derive their resistance solely from transport deficiency; they exhibit no overproduction of dihydrofolate reductase and no increase in either steady-state mRNA levels or gene copy number. Possible applications of the use of fluoresceinated methotrexate to the characterization of various mechanisms of methotrexate resistance in mixed cell populations are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Frequency-domain measurement of the photodegradation process of fluorescein.

The frequency-domain technique is applied to measure the photodegradation rate of fluorescein in aqueous solutions. The illuminating light is modulated, and the changes in fluorescence from the illuminated region are detected synchronously. A constant flow rate is imposed on the fluorescein solution to control the mass transport of fluorescein into the illuminated region. The fluorescence response is described by a model that assumes that photodegradation occurs from the triplet excited state. The predictions of the model are consistent with the observed variations in the fluorescence response with flow rate, modulation frequency and incident power. We discuss in this article how the dependence of the model parameters on experimental conditions can be used to infer the photodegradation rate as well as some of the details of the photodegradation mechanism. The results are consistent with the known mechanism of photodegradation of fluorescein. The frequency-domain technique gives a photodegradation rate of 53 s(-1) in an air-saturated solution and 37 s(-1) in solutions purged with argon gas.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

[Estrogen receptor (ER) status of breast cancer cells. I. Classification of breast cancer cells bound with fluoresceinate-estrogen].

Based on the location and intensity of fluoresceinate-estradiol or 17-fluoresceinate-estrone bound to breast cancer cells, the estrogen receptor (ER) status of breast cancer cells were classified into A. B. C. D and E types. The type A was the entire cell marked with fluorescent brightness, B was nucleus marked with fluorescence but not the cytoplasm, C was cytoplasm but not the nucleus, D was only the nucleolus concentrated with fluorescence and type E was very faint fluorescence presented in the entire cell. Types A, B and C were taken as positive, and the others negative. Twenty human breast cancer cells bound with fluoresceinate-estradiol were evaluated by computer image processing technique and it was demonstrated that each of the five types of cells could be identified. The instant and contiguous observation after dropped the 17-fluoresceinate-estrone demonstrated the simultaneous presence of all these five types of cells. The breast cancer cells bound with fluorescence light the distribution of ER within a cell and, hence, the possibility of morphologic and biologic investigation of ER.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Clinical comparison of 10 percent and 25 percent intravenous sodium fluorescein solutions.

Sodium fluorescein solutions, 3 ml of 25% solution and 5 ml of 10% solution, were compared with a double-blind crossover method in a group of 41 normal volunteers and in a group of 42 patients who had diverse ophthalmic disorders. Following injection of the solutions into the antecubital vein, visualization, serial fluorescein angiograms, and five-minute phase angiograms were studied and compared. The untoward reactions reported in both studies were of types usually associated with sodium fluorescein, the most common of which was a mild, transient nausea. On the basis of our results, there is no significant difference in the incidence and severity of adverse reactions between the 10% and 25% solutions. In the volunteer study, the 25% solution was significantly superior in visualization and paired comparison (P less than .001) in the patient study, the 25% solution was significantly superior in angiogram quality (P less than .01), five-minute phase angiogram (P less than .05), and paired comparison (P less than .005). The overall superiority of the 25% concentration in a 3-ml volume was demonstrated both subjectively and objectively in the volunteer study and in the patient study.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1982

Plasma binding of fluorescein in normal subjects and in diabetic patients.

The penetration of systemically administered fluorescein sodium into the eye depends on several factors. One important variable is the unbound plasma fluorescein concentration. We measured the in vitro plasma binding of fluorescein in 200 persons using fluorescence polarization. We demonstrated considerable variability in the degree of plasma binding and also found significant differences between normal persons and diabetic and nondiabetic patients.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1984

Transport of fluorescein in the ocular posterior segment in retinitis pigmentosa.

The function of the blood-retinal barrier was assessed by vitreous fluorophotometry in 12 patients with various genetic types of retinitis pigmentosa and in 11 normal subjects. The measurements were corrected to minimize the effect of artifacts. We evaluated the inward penetration of fluorescein sodium across the blood-retinal barrier and determined the outward permeability coefficient for fluorescein by interpreting the data with a pharmacokinetic computer model. Patients with retinitis pigmentosa had increased inward permeability and decreased outward permeability to fluorescein in comparison with values of normal subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Fluorescein-based pI markers for capillary isoelectric focusing with laser-induced fluorescence detection.

We prepared a series of low-molecular-mass fluorescent ampholytes with narrow pI range. These fluorescein-based ampholytes are detection compatible with argon laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. The selected properties, important for their routine use as fluorescent pI markers, were examined. The pI values of new fluorescein-based pI markers were determined by capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) using currently available low-molecular-mass pI markers for CIEF with photometric detection. The examples of CIEF with fluorometric detection of new compounds together with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) derivatized proteins are presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Interlaboratory study of cellular fluorescence intensity measurements with fluorescein-labeled microbead standards.

To determine the precision of cellular fluorescence intensity (FI) measurements derived from labeled microbead standards, FI results were compared from 43 different flow cytometers in 34 laboratories. All laboratories analyzed prepared aliquots of fluoresceinated calf thymocyte nuclei (Fluorotrol), human lymphocytes stained with fluoresceinated anti-CD4 antibody, and fluoresceinated microbeads used as both internal and external standards. Measurements were conducted by most laboratories on the third and fourth days after sample preparation. Results for percent of events within the gates and the histograms returned by participants indicated that the samples had remained stable and that gated populations had been properly identified. All standard curves showed strong linearity, and the pooled results from all standards produced a best-fit curve that was in close agreement with the assigned values. Nonetheless, results for cellular FI were highly variable, with CVs of 20-34%. Agreement within lab/instrument was much better, with CVs ranging from 3.0 to 9.9%. The overall variability was not obviously attributable to differences in the types of cytometer, nor could it be explained by attributes of the standard curves or any other single variable examined. However, the application of a corrective factor based on FI results for Fluorotrol allowed a two-fold improvement in the precision of FI measurements on CD4-stained lymphocytes, with an overall CV of 11%. Uncharacterized differences in the operating conditions of flow cytometers can influence cellular FI measurements, but consistent results can be obtained if a stained cellular calibrator is analyzed in addition to the proper microbead standards.

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes↗