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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Erythema and skin temperature following continuous sitting in spinal cord injured individuals.

Pressure sores are a severe and costly problem for many disabled individuals. There is a need for quantitative tools to assess damage produced by external loads on human skin and underlying tissues. Clinically, intensity and size of skin erythema have been used as indicators of tissue damage. Temperature is a quantifiable measure, and various studies have investigated the thermal response to localized pressure. The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of "long-term sitting" on skin temperature and erythema, in a situation that closely approximated what a spinal cord injured individual encounters on a regular basis. The resulting data indicated that: 1) a consistent skin temperature pattern occurred after pressure relief from the seated position; 2) skin temperature of experimentally-induced erythematous areas often remained elevated, even after one hour of pressure relief; and, 3) a qualitative, but not quantitative, correlation exists between erythema size and intensity and skin temperature. Implications of this research include the potential use of temperature to: 1) monitor the effectiveness of various strategies being used to prevent the development of pressure sores; and, 2) predict incipient tissue damage.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Erythema nodosum becoming a pheochromocytoma].

The erythema nodosum is a septal panniculitis of several etiologies: infectious, medicamentous, secondary to systemic disease or idiopathic cause. The patient is a 47 year-female with a hypertension history of several years of evolution, who shows the following set of symptoms: successive rashes of erythematous and pruriginous cutaneous lesions in inferior members, which are diagnosed by a cutaneous biopsy of erythema nodosum. In the etiology study, an abdominal echographia is made, finding a hypodense 7 x 5 cm solid mass placed in the left adrenal gland. Determinations of catecholamines and their metabolites are found to be increased in plasma and urine, with a final diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. The pheochromocytoma is an adrenal marrow tumour of chromaffin cells derived of the neural crest, which secrete catecholamines. It is an unusual tumour, with no gender differences and with a higher incidence between the third and fourth decade of life. Ninety per cent of the cases are rather sporadic. It causes arterial hypertension just in the 0.1 and 0.2% of total cases. The appearance of erythema nodosum as one more symptom in the evolutionary context of a pheochromocytoma is a relation poorly documented in the examined literature. We could think it is just a possible coincidence, as searching with Medline we just find out one international bibliographic reference.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Erythema-inducing effects of solvents following epicutaneous administration to man--studied by laser Doppler flowmetry.

Skin exposure to solvents can cause erythema, edema, scaling, and, eventually, irritant contact dermatitis. The irritant potential of chemicals is usually assessed by visual scoring, but in recent years a more objective measuring technique, laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), has been introduced for the assessment of erythema. The method is noninvasive and allows continuous recording. In the present study 11 solvents were applied for 5 min or less to the volar forearms of a man and the kinetics of the response is shown. For seven solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide, trichloroethylene, n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane) an increase was found over the pretreatment values, whereas four solvents (methyl ethyl ketone, ethanol, propylene glycol, distilled water) did not influence blood flow. The findings are discussed in relation to the macroscopic picture (whitening and erythema) and in relation to previous studies of the edema-inducing effects of the same solvents on man and experimental animals. It is concluded that LDF is well worth trying in cases of marginal irritancy and for predictive testing, since it seems to be more sensitive and reliable than the naked eye.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed1984

Detection of a herpes simplex viral antigen in skin lesions of erythema multiforme.

The commonest variety of erythema multiforme follows a lesion caused by a recurrent herpes simplex virus infection. In studying the immunopathogenesis of herpes-associated erythema multiforme, we examined skin lesions for the presence of a herpes simplex viral antigen by an indirect immunofluorescence test using a monoclonal antibody to a major type-common glycoprotein antigen, gB. Focal staining showed this antigen to be present in epidermal cells in 12 of 16 skin biopsy specimens. The staining was similar to, but less intense than, that seen in biopsy samples of lesions of recurrent herpes simplex virus infections. Similar findings were not seen in control skin biopsy specimens from lesions of other skin diseases; a control monoclonal stain also was negative in biopsy specimens. These findings suggest that the immune reaction and subsequent tissue damage of herpes-associated erythema multiforme are due to the presence of herpes antigens in the skin.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

Mast cells in oral erythema multiforme.

We compared the number of mast cells in erythema multiforme lesions, in clinically healthy mucosa between the EM attacks and in healthy mucosa from healthy volunteers. The mast cell count in patients with erythema multiforme was numerically higher than in healthy controls, but the differences were not statistically significant. In erythema multiforme lesions the mast cell count was low in the intensely inflamed superficial lamina propria, but high in normal appearing mucosa between the attacks suggesting local mast cell degranulation in the most intensely inflamed areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Delayed manifestation of ultra violet radiation induced erythema in guinea pigs by sodium pyruvate--a free radical scavenger.

Sodium pyruvate, a free radical scavenger was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using UV radiation induced dermal erythema on guinea pig and compared with that of standard naproxen. Oral as well as topical pyruvate exhibited significant activity against UV induced dermal erythema model and the activity was comparable to that of naproxen. In the other pharmacodynamic studies, such as the studies on rat blood pressure, isolated guinea pig ileum and rat uterus, it showed no effect on any of these. In conclusion, sodium pyruvate showed a significant protection in the UV induced dermal erythema in guinea pigs. It also showed good absorption in UV-B range and this property can be utilised to develop the sodium pyruvate as a sunscreening agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Persistent erythema after total CO2 skin resurfacing].

Erythema after carbon dioxide laser resurfacing is one among other known side effects of the treatment. Postoperative erythema is considered to be an obligatory complication after resurfacing of facial rhytides or senile lentigines. Duration and intensity of the erythema is dependent on various factors, as shown in the following case report on a 77-year-old female patient. Detailed preoperative information is important in ensuring realistic expectations in regard to the postoperative results and averting liability claims.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Herpes simplex-associated erythema multiforme (HAEM): a clinical therapeutic dilemma.

Erythema multiforme of the mouth is an acute vesiculo-ulcerative lesion, which presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the clinician. Herpes simplex is described as the most frequent cause of this disease. Controversy exists in the literature as to the definition of oral erythema multiforme and the role of systemic corticosteroids in its treatment. Recent treatment protocols advocate the use of systemic acyclovir, especially in cases triggered by the herpes simplex virus. Two cases of successful treatment of oral erythema multiforme with systemic corticosteroids after acyclovir treatment had failed are presented.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Erythema migrans with multiple lesions].

INTRODUCTION: Erythema migrans with multiple lesions is observed in Europe in only 5-20 p. 100 of Borrelia infections. The number of lesions observed simultaneously in one patient is less than 7, considering all the cases published in the literature to date. CASE REPORTS: We report three patients who presented multiple macular, erythematous and centrifugal lesions localized on the trunk and the limbs. The first patient presented about thirty lesions, the second more than seventy, and the third about twenty. Serology investigation and immunoblots allowed to establish the diagnosis of a recent Borrelia Burgdorferi infection, with multiples lesions of erythema migrans. PCR performed on a skin biopsy of one of the patients confirmed the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi. Response to antibiotic therapy was immediate in all 3 patients. DISCUSSION: These 3 cases are of particular interest because the number of simultaneous lesions is much higher than what is reported in the European literature. These observations remind the clinician that the diagnosis of erythema migrans with multiple lesions should be included, in Europe as well, in the differential diagnosis of multiple annular dermatoses.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical and morphological characteristics of migrating erythema in patients with Ixodes tick-borne Lyme disease].

Patients with erythematous Ixodes tick-borne relapsing fever were examined and their skin biopsy specimens were morphologically studied to reveal clinical, immunological and morphological features of erythematous Ixodes tick-borne relapsing fever. Two types of development of erythema migrans were identified. These include 1) a typical type that appears as an area of homogenous hyperemia or that of annular shape and 2) an atypical one that presents as minor vesicles. There were elevated serum immunoglobulins A levels at the height of the disease. Morphologically, at the early stage of the disease, the center of erythema shows disturbances characterized by epidermal dystrophic processes, koilocytosis, subhorny and epidermal vesicles. The dermis displays solid perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates admixed with fibroblasts, fibrocytes, macrophages, plasmocytes, eosinophils, degranulated labrocytes. The interstitium exhibits scanty infiltrates. These changes are less pronounced at the periphery. Electron microscopy shows the structures morphologically similar to those of Borrelia. The late stage (days 15-23) of the disease is marked by insignificant dystrophy and perivascular fibrosis. There were no interstitial infiltrates. By and large, the pattern of clinical and immunological manifestations in patients with erythema migrans correlates with dermal morphological changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in patients with erythema migrans, an early manifestation of Lyme borreliosis.

BACKGROUND: Lyme borreliosis is a tick-transmitted, chronic, zoogenous disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete. The clinical picture of Lyme disease is characterized by the variety of tissue and organ involvement and differing severity of symptoms. One of the pathogenic symptoms of early Lyme disease is a skin lesion called erythema migrans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The purpose of our research was to estimate the parameters of the antioxidant system and the concentration of lipid peroxidation products in the plasma of patients with erythema migrans (EM). The parameters measured included the activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) according to Sykes, gluthatione reductase (GSSG-R) according to Mize and Langdon, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) according to Paglia and Valentine; the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were examined by means of a Bioxytech LPO-586 kit. The total sulphydryl groups (-SH) according to Ellman and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured using a Bioxytech GSH-400 test in plasma samples collected from 20 patients with EM aged from 19 to 50, taken before (examination 1) and after (examination 2) therapy with amoxycycline. The control group consisted of 8 healthy people. RESULTS: The results of our examinations prove that beta-lactamase antibiotic therapy brings non-enzymatic antioxidant parameters to control values, though the treatment causes no change in enzymatic antioxidant parameters, resulting in the further activation of free radicals. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with Erythema migrans, the decreased capability to reduce lipid superoxidants leads to maintaining a high concentration of membrane lipid peroxidation products.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Cerebrospinal fluid findings in adult patients with multiple erythema migrans.

This prospective study was performed at the Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia, in the period from 1991 to 2000. We included all adult patients with multiple erythema migrans who gave consent to lumbar puncture, had routine blood and CSF tests performed, and borrelial antibody titres in CSF and blood determined. In the majority of these patients skin, blood, and CSF specimens were cultured in MKP medium for the presence of Borrelia. Of 332 patients with multiple erythema migrans, 200 (115 females, 85 males, aged 15-80 years) fulfilled inclusion criteria. The median number of skin lesion was three (2-60). Sixty-three (31.5%) patients had no associated symptoms, whereas 137 (68.5%) patients (including two with arthritis, six with radicular pain, a patient with facial palsy, another patient with foot palsy and a patient with transitory diplopia) reported local and/or constitutional symptoms. Routine CSF examination revealed abnormal results in 62/200 (31%) patients: lymphocytic pleocytosis (6-1119 x 10(6)/L leukocytes) was found in 15 (7.5%) patients (six were clinically without systemic symptoms, six had mild systemic symptoms, three reported radicular pains) and elevated CSF protein concentration was present in 52 (26%) patients (nine also had elevated CSF cell counts). Intrathecal borrelial antibody production was demonstrated in eight (4%) patients (only three of them had elevated CSF cell counts) and B. burgdorferi sensu lato was isolated from skin lesions, blood, and CSF in 77/191 (40.3%), 3/154' (1.95%), and 2/200 (1%) patients, respectively. B. afzelii predominated among the isolates. In patients with multiple erythema migrans abnormal CSF findings are not rare and may be present without any clinical sign of central nervous system involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Erythema nodosum as a manifestation of HIV infection.

Various musculoskeletal syndromes have been well described in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Surprisingly, erythema nodosum, an inflammation of the adipose tissue of the skin, has rarely been described. We report a 24-year-old known case of HIV infection, who developed fever and multiple tender subcutaneous nodules that were proven to be erythema nodosum. The patient also had polymyositis. She responded well to a high dose of corticosteroids. Erythema nodosum should be listed as possible the rheumatic manifestation of HIV infection.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A fatal case of erythema necroticans.

Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) classically presents as tender, erythematous nodules over the face, arms and legs. Severe ENL can become vesicular or bullous and break-down and is termed erythema necroticans (Jopling & McDougall, 1996) and is treated with corticosteroids. The causes of death in a majority of leprosy patients are the same as in the general population, with the exception of renal damage in lepromatous leprosy. There is possible increased mortality from side-effects of antileprosy drugs, steroids, or other drugs used in reactions, from toxaemia in severe reactions, and from asphyxia due to glottic oedema (Jopling & McDougall, 1996). We report here a case of erythema necroticans, the cause of death being septicaemia, secondary to skin ulcers and urinary tract infection, precipitated by corticosteroids.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2003

Erythema gyratum repens in a case of resolving psoriasis.

Erythema gyratum repens (EGR) is a rare skin syndrome often associated with internal malignancies, and thus considered paraneoplastic. There are cases of erythema gyratum repens in the literature associated with other dermatoses without underlying malignancies. We present a case of resolving psoriasis which evolved into erythema gyratum repens when treated with acitretin.

Acitretin↗
PubMed2003

Thalidomide as elective treatment in persistent erythema multiforme; report of two cases.

Recurrent erythema multiforme is a rare disorder, clinically characterized by symmetrically distributed, erythematous, and bullous skin and mucous lesions, mainly precipitated by a preceding herpes simplex infection. In rare cases, EM presents continuous or persistent relapses, and has been related to an Epstein-Barr virus infection. We report 2 cases of severe, persistent erythema multiforme, treated with thalidomide, with complete disease suppression in both cases. Thalidomide induces immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic effects, and may be considered as the elective treatment of this rare variety of erythema multiforme. However, in order to avoid neuropathic side effects, patients under thalidomide therapy should be monitored every 6 months with nerve conduction studies while taking the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[An adult case of transverse myelitis with erythema infectiosum].

We reported an adult case of transverse myelitis with erythema infectiosum. A 33-year-old female was admitted to Kyoto University Hospital because of a weakness in the lower extremities and "cloth-wearing" sensation of the trunk and legs. One month before admission, she became febrile and developed a symmetrical erythema on the extremities. At the same time she noticed a slight weakness of the legs and numbness in her fingers and toes, which disappeared next few days. A week later, she again developed a fever, severe weakness of the legs and "cloth-wearing" sensation on the trunk, and erythema appeared on the cheek. Physical examination on admission revealed a weakness and hyperreflexia in the extremities, in particular, knee and ankle jerk, and hypesthesia of the trunk and legs below the level of Th6. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed 181/mm3 cells (mononuclear cell dominant) and 30 mg/dl protein. Magnetic resonance imaging, CT and electrophysiological studies indicated no abnormalities. IgM antibody against human parvovirus (B19) was detected in the serum and CSF. She was diagnosed as transverse myelitis with parvovirus infection and was medicated with prednisolone 40-60 mg/day, and improved gradually with the residua of a mild weakness of the legs and hypesthesia on the trunk between the level of Th6 and Th10.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema and acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema is a rare disorder characterized by a painful and intense erythema of the palms and the soles. In allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients, the differential diagnosis of acute graft-versus-host disease (AGVHD) may be difficult. We describe a case of concurrent acral erythema and AGVHD. The clinical features of both conditions as well as the histological findings on serial skin biopsy specimens are discussed.

Acute Disease↗