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PubMed1998

[Primary carcinoma of the duodenum].

The authors describe the case of a 70-year-old man with primary adenocarcinoma of the fourth segment of the duodenum. Due to the infrequency of the condition there was diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainty. After the endoscopic and bioptic diagnosis three months elapsed before an incorrectly indicated derivation operation and only after another month the tumour was resected. The exhausted patient developed postoperative pancreatitis with subsequent multiorgan failure to which he succumbed. The disease should be suspected even if the symptomatology is poor. The patient suffered only from nausea and anaemia. From the diagnostic aspect endoscopic examination is most useful for the oral segment of the duodenum and double contrast examination for the aboral one. The method of treatment is duodenopancreatectomy for the upper part and segmental resection for the distal part of the duodenum.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1963

Action of sympathomimetic drugs on the isolated junction of the bile duct and duodenum.

The actions of adrenaline, noradrenaline and phenylephrine were studied both on the terminal tract of bile duct (prepared as spiral strips or intact) and on the adjacent duodenum taken from the calf and the cat. These amines contract the terminal bile duct and relax the duodenum. Furthermore, on the basis of the action of some adrenaline antagonists, the hypothesis is advanced that there are alpha-receptors which mediate contraction of muscle in the sphincterial zone of the bile duct.

Animals↗
PubMed1964

GASTRIC EPITHELIUM IN THE DUODENUM.

It has been found that a ;gastric' type of epithelium tends to develop in the first part of the duodenum in patients with duodenal ulceration and is found in the second part of the duodenum in a patient with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. It is likely that ;gastric' epithelium appears when the duodenal acidity is high and it is resistant to ulceration.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1976

Primary repair in transection of duodenum with avulsion of the common duct.

In combined pancreatoduodenal trauma, the surgeon usually chooses a diverting or resectional procedure at substantial risk. Simple closure of the duodenum and transposition of the common duct was accomplished at early operation in an 18-year-old boy who had almost complete transection of the duodenum with avulsion of the ampulia of Vater from blunt abdominal trauma. Transgastrojejunostomy and use of Chaffin tubes were discontinued prior to discharge from the hospital three weeks later. The postoperative course was complicated only by a brief pancreatitis. The excellent result persists more than two years later. In similar anatomic situations, consideration might be given to this operative approach.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1978

Silent perforations of the stomach and duodenum by needles.

We present a series of ten patients consecutively admitted to the hospital after swallowing 12 household sewing needles. Ten of these needles, one in each patient, had perforated either the stomach or the duodenum, but in no case did the perforation cause any abdominal symptoms or signs. Immediately after arrival in the emergency ward, the diagnosis was made in most cases by means of a diatrizoate meglumine swallow, which showed the tip of the needle protruding outside the gastrointestinal tract. In the first few cases, the diagnosis was made by finding the needle in the same position after repeated plain abdominal roentgenograms. This method, however, served to delay the diagnosis of perforation. All patients were operated on immediately after the diagnosis of perforation was made, except for two who had an additional ingested needle. Operation was delayed in these patients until the second needle was spontaneously eliminated. Perforation was confirmed by operation in all cases in the present series, the operative extraction of the needle was simple, and recovery was uneventful. The fact that patients may remain asymptomatic despite perforation of their stomach or duodenum by sharp, fine foreign bodies is no cause for procrastination of surgery, as severe complications may subsequently result.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

"Sphincter" of the minor papilla of the human duodenum.

The arrangement of the smooth muscle and elastic and collagen fibers of the minor papilla of the human duodenum was studied on 53 duodenopancreatic specimens obtained from adults of both sexes. Methods included stereological analyses of gross anatomical specimens and thick and thin microscopic sections. The muscular and elastic fibers of the minor papilla have a unidirectional arrangement by which the contraction of its smooth muscular fibers causes opening of its orifice allowing the flow of the pancreatic juice into the duodenum. It is not a typical anatomical sphincter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Comparative development of gastrin and somatostatin cell populations in the pancreas, stomach, and duodenum of the rat during the perinatal period.

The comparative growth patterns of endocrine gastrin and somatostatin cell populations were examined in the rat, during the perinatal period, to investigate possible relationships between their development and that of gastric acid secretion, gastrin and somatostatin hormones being implicated in the regulation of acid secretion. Total cell populations were estimated daily in the pancreas, stomach, and duodenum, by using a quantitative morphological method, from 19 days postcoitum to 8 days postpartum. In the pancreas, both cell types were present at 19 days postcoitum. After increasing, gastrin cells abruptly dropped from 4 days postpartum, while somatostatin cells continued to increase. In the stomach, gastrin cells seemed to appear at 19 days postcoitum, increasing with age. Somatostatin cells appeared only after birth and could be precisely quantified from 4 days postpartum. In the duodenum, the two cell types were present in similar numbers at 19 days postcoitum and increased similarly with age. Comparison of gastrin and somatostatin cell developmental behavior with previous data on the ontogeny of acid secretion shows a parallelism between the appearance of basal H+ fluxes at 20-21 days postcoitum and the high daily multiplication of the gastrin cell number in the three organs. Additionally, the marked decrease of pancreatic gastrin cell population at 4 days postpartum and the simultaneous development of the gastric somatostatin cell population might explain, among other mechanisms, the diminution of gastric acid secretion noted after birth.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Distribution of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in isolated villus and crypt cells of chick duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34), the major rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterogenesis, was studied in epithelial cells isolated in a villus to crypt gradient from chick duodenum, jejunum and ileum, in order to resolve the apparent controversy that exists on the anatomical localization of sterol synthesis in the intestine. Consistent separation was demonstrated by using the marker enzymes alkaline phosphatase, specific to the villus cells, and thymidine kinase, specific to the crypt cells. No relative difference in stability was observed, as shown by the equal distribution of acid phosphatase. Cells were 90-95 per cent viable. The highest specific activity of reductase was located in the microsomal fraction (41 per cent of the total). The mitochondria had lower specific activity (8 per cent of the total). The distribution of reductase activity in epithelial cells of the villus-crypt axis was also studied. The specific activity in each cell fraction from chick duodenum was clearly lower than that in jejunum and ileum. The jejunal and ileal crypt regions showed lower specific activity than the villus cells. About 70 per cent of total reductase activity was found in cells from the upper and the mid villus fraction in each intestinal segment.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

IDX-1: a new homeodomain transcription factor expressed in rat pancreatic islets and duodenum that transactivates the somatostatin gene.

We describe the cloning from a rat islet somatostatin-producing cell line of a 1.4 kb cDNA encoding a new homeoprotein, IDX-1 (islet/duodenum homeobox-1), with close sequence similarity to the Drosophila melanogaster homeobox protein Antennapedia (Antp) and the Xenopus laevis endoderm-specific homeoprotein XlHbox8. Analyses of IDX-1 mRNA and protein in rat tissues show that IDX-1 is expressed in pancreatic islets and ducts and in the duodenum. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays IDX-1 binds to three sites in the 5' flanking region of the rat somatostatin gene. In co-transfection experiments IDX-1 transactivates reporter constructs containing somatostatin promoter sequences, and mutation of the IDX-1 binding sites attenuates transactivation. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of islet RNA using degenerate amplimers for mRNAs encoding homeoproteins indicates that IDX-1 is the most abundant of 12 different Antp-like homeodomain mRNAs expressed in adult rat islets. The pattern of expression, relative abundance and transcriptional regulatory activity suggests that IDX-1 may be involved in the regulation of islet hormone genes and in cellular differentiation in the endocrine pancreas and the duodenum.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Adenocarcinoma of the duodenum.

Three patients with carcinoma of the first and the third part of the duodenum are reported. A review of the literature shows the diagnosis of this rare lesion of the duodenum is usually late. In order for surgical resection to be successful, suspicion of such a lesion and an aggressive workup is needed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Spasmolytic effects of tetrazepam on rat duodenum and guinea-pig ileum.

This study was designed to examine the inhibitory effects exerted by tetrazepam isolated rat duodenum and guinea pig ileum contractive responses and to further clarity the mechanisms involved. Tetrazepam produced concentration-dependent and complete relaxation of muscle contractions induced by KCl (80 mM) in guinea-pig ileum and this relaxant action was not antagonized by pretreatment with hexamethonium (0.1 mM), antagonist for nicotinic receptors, or atropine (1 microM), antagonist for muscarinic receptors, or PK 11195 (1 microM) antagonist for peripheral-type benzodiazepines receptors. Tetrazepam also modified the concentration-response curves of CaCl2 in calcium-free and high K/ depolarizing medium as soon as concentration-response curves of acetylcholine in Tyrode solution. The results suggested that tetrazepam inhibits the contractile responses to guinea-pig ileum and rat duodenum, probably through a reduction of calcium influx by way of calcium channels and these events are not related to high-affinity peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1992

Kinin-induced relaxations of the rat duodenum.

Both bradykinin (BK) and des-Arg9-BK induced relaxations of the isolated longitudinal smooth muscles of the rat duodenum. No contractile effects were observed with both peptides at concentrations up to 1 mumol/l. Des-Arg9-BK was about 1000 times less potent than BK. The novel B2 antagonist HOE 140 (D-Arg-[Hyp3, Thi5, D-Phe7, Oic8]-BK) potently inhibited the BK-induced relaxations, but did not affect the relaxations induced by des-Arg9-BK. Conversely, the B1 receptor antagonist des-Arg9-[Leu8]-BK only inhibited des-Arg9-BK, but did not affect BK-induced relaxations. The relaxations induced by BK and by des-Arg9-BK were inhibited by apamin (1 mumol/l) demonstrating that apamin-sensitive K+ channels are involved. In contrast, tetraethylammonium (1 mmol/l) did not inhibit the relaxations. BK-induced relaxations were reduced by about 25% in the presence of indomethacin (10 mumol/l) although the concentration-response curve to BK was not shifted to the left. Prostaglandin E1 caused relaxations with a pD2 value of 9.2. It is concluded that both BK and des-Arg9-BK can elicit relaxations of the rat duodenum via pharmacologically distinct kinin receptor subtypes, but via similar effector mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Binding characteristics and functional G protein coupling of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in rat duodenum smooth muscle membranes.

The non-selective labelled antagonist [3H]N-methyl-scopolamine ([3H]NMS) was used to identify muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in rat duodenum smooth muscle membranes. Saturation and kinetic experiments revealed a binding site with a KD-value of 0.2-0.3 nmol/l and a receptor concentration (Bmax) of 100 fmol/mg protein. The affinities of eight selective muscarinic antagonists were determined and compared with those at M1 (rat cerebral cortex), M2 (rat heart), M3 (rat submandibular gland) and M4 (data from Dörje et al. 1991) receptors. The "M2-selective" agent AF-DX 116, the group of "M2/M4-selective" compounds himbacine, AF-DX 384, AQ-RA 741 and methoctramine but also the "M3-selective" HHSiD showed affinities corresponding to M2 and/or M4 sites. The intermediate affinity of 4-DAMP favours a mixed M2/M4 receptor population mainly containing M2 receptors. Two compounds, pirenzepine and AQ-RA 741, displayed biphasic displacement curves indicating the presence of a small population of putative M1 receptors. The rat duodenum antagonist binding profile, however, is not consistent with the presence of M3 receptors. We further demonstrate a concentration-dependent stimulation of [35S]GTP[S] binding to duodenal G proteins by the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine. Estimation of the binding parameters of GTP[S] in absence and presence of oxotremorine provided evidence for a catalytic activation of G proteins by agonist-activated muscarinic receptors in rat duodenal membranes and a strong signal amplification on the G protein level.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Mucosal surface ferricyanide reductase activity in mouse duodenum.

Mouse duodenum possesses mucosal surface ferricyanide reductase activity. The reducing activity, determined in vitro by measuring ferrocyanide production from ferricyanide, was found to be greater in duodenal fragments when compared with ileal fragments. Experiments with right-side out tied-off duodenal sacs show that reduction occurs mainly on the mucosal side and indicates that the reducing activity is associated with the brush border membrane. Experiments using mice with increased levels of iron absorption (hypoxic, iron-deficient) showed corresponding increases in reducing activity. The increase was present in duodenal but not ileal fragments. Inhibitor studies showed no effect of several compounds which inhibit other, more characterized, transplasma membrane reductases. In particular, doxorubicin (10 microM) and quinacrine (1mM) were without effect on duodenal mucosal transplasma membrane reducing activity. Depolarization of the membrane potential with high medium K+ inhibited reducing activity. N-ethyl malemide (1 mM) was a potent inhibitor, but iodoacetate was found to be less inhibitory. Comparison with inhibitory effects on glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) demonstrated that the effect of N-ethyl malemide on reducing activity was not secondary to GAPDH. Collectively these results indicate that mouse duodenum possesses mucosal surface transplasma membrane ferricyanide reductase activity and that the activity is correlated with the process of intestinal iron absorption. Furthermore, the reducing activity appears to be distinct from other reported transplasma membrane reductases.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Ontogenesis of gastrin cells in the pyloric antrum and duodenum of the mouse.

Ontogenesis of gastrin cells was studied in the pyloroduodenal mucosa of the mouse using anti-human G17 serum, R-1301, and anti-human G34(1-15) serum, R-2703. R-1301-immunostained cells first appeared in the pyloric mucosa of 14-day-old fetuses. Cells stained with both R-1301 and R-2703 appeared immediately after birth, and gradually increased in number to the adult level. Most R-1301-reactive cells were also reactive to R-2703, whereas some cells that reacted with R-1301 exhibited very weak or no reaction with R-2703. The discrepancy between these two immunoreactivities is discussed. In the duodenum, a considerable number of R-1301-reactive cells were present from the perinatal stage and through out adult development. A few R-2703-reactive cells were seen in the duodenum of young mice but not of the adult.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

A case of transverse colon cancer secondarily involving the liver, duodenum, and pancreas.

A 68-year-old woman presented with transverse colon cancer invading the liver, duodenum, and pancreas. The patient underwent a curative resection including a right hemicolectomy, partial hepatectomy, and pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The pathological examination showed adenocarcinoma of the colon with a direct extension into the duodenum, liver, and pancreas. Several lymph nodes were also involved. The patient is still alive and disease-free 2 years and 6 months after the operation. This case illustrates that even in patients with locally advanced colon cancer, a favorable prognosis can be obtained by aggressive surgery incorporating the resection of the adjacent involved organs.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Transferrin in isolated cells from rat duodenum and jejunum.

Mucosal transferrin was determined as transferrin-like immunoreactivity (TLIR) by means of a 2-site immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Scraped-off mucosal tissue as well as isolated mucosal cells from the duodenum and jejunum of normal and iron-deficient rats before and after a washing procedure were examined. In iron-deficient rats there was about twice as much TLIR in scraped-off mucosal tissue as in the untreated animals. In the duodenum and jejunum of normal and iron-deficient rats, TLIR contents of the isolated cells in the magnitude of 320-510 ng/mg dry weight were found. Washing isolated cells three times in ice-cold Hank's solution resulted in a nearly tenfold decrease of TLIR content in all groups. In contrast the cells' RNA content remained unchanged.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Ultrastructural localization of secretin in endocrine cells of the dog duodenum by the immunogold technique. Comparison with ultrastructurally characterized S cells of various mammals.

Secretin has been localized by the immunogold technique in endocrine cells of the dog duodenum--previously described as "K cells"--characterized by secretory granules with double structure consisting of a secretin-containing osmiophilic core surrounded by an argyrophil halo. Granules resembling those of dog secretin cells were also found in some ultrastructurally characterized S cells of the cat, pig, rat and rabbit duodenum, thus confirming in these species the identification of S cells with secretin cells. Conversely, the cells previously described as "S cells" in the dog lacked secretin immunoreactivity.

Animals↗