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PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinicostatistical study of the reasons for placing and replacing restorations].

This article presents the results of a clinical study conducted in the department of Operative Dentistry of the University of Athens. The reasons for placing and replacing restorations, the restorative material used, patient's age and sex, teeth and surfaces involved and age of replaced restorations were the variables studied in 1520 restorations. The results revealed that 53.2% of the restorations were placed for the first time. 92.6% of the new restorations were placed due to primary caries. Secondary caries were the reasons for the 35% of the replaced with amalgam restorations. Secondary caries and color mismatch were the reasons for the 25% and 23.2% respectively of the replaced with composite restorations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of predictor variables for a self-instructional preclinical course.

Several studies have shown that the Dental Admission Test and predental grade point average have validity in predicting performance in dental school. The purpose of this two-year study is to compare these predictors with a manual skill exercise to determine their usefulness in predicting manual dexterity success in operative dentistry. Sophomore students were instructed to make preparations on an Ivorine block following imprinted outlines. Correlation to performance on laboratory examinations was computed. Results indicate the traditional predictors have limited usefulness in manual skill prediction while the Ivorine block exercise demonstrated consistent correlation over both years. The emphasis on manual dexterity in preclinical dental courses requires that appropriate variables be used in selecting students.

Achievement↗
PubMed1978

New methods of pain measurement and their application to pain control.

Recent pain research advances show promise in their application to the relief of acute and chronic clinical dental pain. Regional electroanalgesia, or transcutaneous electrical stimulation, has been used successfully in the treatment of pain associated with peripheral nerve injuries. Electrical stimulation of teeth also may prove useful as a pain control technique during operative dentistry procedures. Another exciting research finding is the discovery of endogenous or natural pain-suppressing pathways in the brain. There are recent demonstrations that natural-occurring opiate-like compounds and receptors exist in the brain. The elucidation of stimuli and behavioral responses which will activate these specific descending pain control pathways may lead to exciting new methods of pain relief. Thus, both regional electroanalgesia and the discovery of endogenous pain-suppressing pathways offer the possibility of the future expanded use of non-pharmacological pain control techniques. The proper evaluation of new pain control techniques requires the development of better methods of measuring and assessing the multidimensional aspects of the pain experience. Category scales which scale the suprathreshold range of pain from threshold to tolerance levels can be used with both experimental and clinical pain. Sensory Decision Theory has been applied to the analysis of categorical pain responses. This method distinguishes between sensitivity to stimulus intensity and response bias, or the patient's willingness to report a given intensity as painful. Another promising method for scaling pain is the use of ratio-scaling methods with verbal pain descriptors. Verbal descriptors of pain may provide the best method of scaling different dimensions of the pain experience. Reliable and objective descriptor scales have been developed which separate pain along two dimensions: sensory intensity and affect, or unpleasantness. By using cross-modality matching procedures, specific numerical values can be calculated for each verbal descriptor. These scales have been used to measure the intensity and unpleasantness associated with tooth pulp evoked experimental and clinical pain, and should be extremely useful in the evaluation of acute and chronic dental pain. They will be important experimental and clinical adjuncts in determining the efficacy of non-pharmacological pain control methods such as regional electroanalgesia, biofeedback, relaxation-suggestion and hypnosis.

Dental Pulp↗
PubMed1984

A tooth substance saving restorative technique.

The basic concept behind the Black system in the restoration of teeth is a mechanical one. It aims at the retention of restorations by perfect contact with, and the grip of, resilient sound dentinal cavity walls. This necessitates the cutting of sound dentin which is sometimes accompanied by pain and pulpal irritation. For the complete removal of infected carious dentin the conventional technique has depended upon the operator's perception of discoloured dentin and its changed hardness. It has been shown that carious dentin consists of two layers. Namely, a superficial layer which is infected, not remineralizable and necrotic, whereas the deeper layer is uninfected, remineralizable and vital. The first step in the tooth substance saving restorative technique is to use a dye to differentiate between the two layers. Pain on caries removal is virtually eliminated by the selective removal of the stained and necrotic superficial layer while assuring complete removal of all infected dentin. The second step is to use chemically adhesive composite resins which have been developed for both anterior and posterior use. They adhere to enamel and sound dentin and also to the deeper layer of carious dentin. Cutting painful tissue so as to provide the retention form of the classical technique is not required, nor is amalgam as a restorative material in operative dentistry.

Adhesives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Small-scale laser unit and its use in dental surgery].

A design and main specifications of the laser set lTM-01 for the operative dentistry are presented. Some methods and manipulations are also described. Special attention is focused on a rather high therapeutic activity of He-Ne laser beams at the radiation density about 0,1-1 mW/cm2 when treating more than 3000 patients. In the course of the treatment no complications have been observed. The set does not require any special room or particular protection for personnel and patients. It is mounted on the dental chair and may be conveniently used by a physician during consultations.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1982

Recommendations for clinical research protocols for dental materials. Federation Dentaire Internationale, Commission on Dental Products.

This report recommends factors to be considered by investigators in planning, initiating and promulgating clinical research. The phrase 'factors to be considered' implies that not all factors outlined will be utilized in any one project, and that the extent of utilization of certain individual factors must be tailored to the specific project in mind. These factors have been designed primarily to aid the investigator in planning, initiating and carrying through a clinical research project. The report deals with projects evaluating materials used in (1) operative dentistry, (2) endodontics, (3) orthodontics, (4) removable prosthodontics and (5) fixed prosthodontics. In each section detailed attention is given to (a) identification of the problem, (b) background information, (c) materials and methods, and (d) administrative aspects.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1982

Stereoscopic vision and psychomotor learning in dental students.

A testing mechanism is needed for reliably predicting students' problems in acquiring dental psychomotor skills. Students and dental educators could then be made aware of potential problems well in advance of required manual course work. Because testing for stereoscopic vision has long been a part of perceptual-motor ability screening for the U.S. Air Force, a similar stereopsis test was used to examine the role of stereopsis in dental psychomotor learning and its potential as a predictor of student performance. The Lameris TNO Test for stereoscopic vision was given as an adjunct to the Perceptual Ability (PAT/3D) portion of the Dental Admission Test. Both test results were then compared to freshman students' performance in preclinical operative dentistry. Multiple regression analyses indicated that a high degree of stereopsis was not a prerequisite for success in acquiring dental psychomotor skills.

Aptitude Tests↗
PubMed1994

The centripetal build-up for composite resin posterior restorations.

The paper introduces a new technique for creating Class II posterior composite restorations--the centripetal build-up. This technique replaces the lost tooth structure from the periphery towards the center of the cavity, thereby achieving better marginal adaptation to the gingival floor. Since overfilling is rare, rotary finishing is minimized. This method allows the creation of long-term aesthetic posterior composite restorations, while utilizing conventional auxiliary (ie, metal matrix bands and wooden wedges) in operative dentistry. The learning objective of this article is to introduce this new technique to a wider segment of the dental profession.

Bicuspid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An ultrastructural analysis of dentin treated with chemical agents].

Dental last generation bonding systems require the total removal of smear layer and smear plug by chemical solutions. Intermediate fluid resin can penetrate the dentinal tubes obtaining a better anchorage to the dental structures. The department of Operative dentistry of the University of Rome "La Sapienza" has carried research observing by means of the SEM the ultrastructural aspect of smear layer and the effect of dentin treatment with five different chemical agents.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1996

Mercury release during autoclave sterilization of amalgam.

Natural teeth are an invaluable teaching tool for preclinical instruction in operative dentistry and endodontic techniques. Cavity preparation in teeth containing amalgam restorations is a realistic simulation of an often experienced clinical situation. As various pathogens are contained in saliva, teeth must be disinfected before use by students. The purpose of this study is to indirectly evaluate whether mercury vapor is released from amalgam restorations in such teeth during steam autoclave sterilization. Mercury vapor detection, sample mass changes and x-ray fluorescence data were collected from experimental steam autoclave sterilization of amalgam samples sealed in autoclave bags. All of the data showed evidence of mercury vapor generation coincident to steam autoclave sterilization. Mercury vapor levels within the room where amalgam was exposed to steam autoclave sterilization reached levels that constitute an unnecessary health risk to dental personnel. The volume of amalgam tested simulated that contained in 175 amalgam restored teeth. Initial venting of the autoclave chamber produced mercury vapor concentrations significantly in excess of OSHA vapor concentration ceiling levels. Thus, the use of a steam autoclave for sterilization of amalgam containing teeth for use in preclinical laboratory exercises may be harmful to personnel involved.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1996

Advanced adhesive restorations: the post-amalgam age.

Due to patient demand for biocompatible, safe, and tooth-colored restorations, the use of amalgam as a restorative material has been declining. Currently, the profession of operative dentistry is in a state of transition from the amalgam age to the post-amalgam age. The learning objective of this article is to discuss the current state of the art of tooth-colored restoratives--amalgam substitutes and amalgam alternatives--used either as direct or laboratory fabricated restorations nationally and internationally. Adhesive dentistry is discussed in detail, with tooth preparation as the key element. The challenges facing the clinician during the transition period include clinician education, restorative concepts and teaching competence, costs, prevention, and maintenance.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1994

Continuing education for dental practitioners.

Attendance of continuing education courses by dentists is important for the practitioner, the profession and the patient. This survey was undertaken to determine the attendance pattern and discipline preferences for such courses during the period 1985 to 1989. A total of 2674 questionnaires were sent to dentists and 706 (26.4 per cent) were returned. Courses were attended by 88.5 per cent of the respondents. The most popular disciplines were Operative Dentistry, Aesthetic Dentistry and Fixed Prosthodontics.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1985

Operation of the National Preventive Dentistry Demonstration Program.

Operation of large-scale, multiple-site demonstration programs is an infrequent activity, one for which most investigators have had little previous experience. The success of a demonstration program, however, often rests on operational aspects. Following the completion of a major demonstration, the writers discuss the design of their program, the problems they encountered in its operation, and the aspects they would change in future demonstrations.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1996

Use of the operating microscope in dentistry.

Microsurgery is a discipline of multiple surgical procedures performed with optical magnification and illumination. The operating microscope has recently been introduced in dentistry. Magnification improves the performance of fixed prosthodontic laboratory and clinical procedures. The operating microscope has dramatically improved endodontic nonsurgical perforation repair and periradicular surgery. The use of the operating microscope and microsurgical instrumentation has resulted in more-precise periodontal surgical procedures with less operative trauma and improved healing. Use of the operating microscope and microsurgical instrumentation is described.

Humans↗