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PubMed1979

A minicomputer laboratory data-management system: the St. Mary's system and its haematology applications.

The computer system developed at St Mary's Hospital Medical School, and now used in six hospital haematology laboratories, is described. The system allows for the rapid retrieval of pathology results from an archive of at least 180 000 records on a 10 megabyte disk. Two main data files are used, the "Current File", from which reports are prepared, and an "Archive File" which contains cumulated results. The files are indexed by parts of both the name and, if available, the hospital number. Patient linkage is accomplished using the whole known identification, but, unlike most other systems, no absolute requirement is placed on the existence of a hospital number. It is concluded that this method of patient linkage removes many of the management overheads associated with hospital number linked systems, and that use of the computer not only aids reporting, but also improves quality control and provides data for research.

Computers↗
PubMed1995

A radiation overdose incident: initial data.

PURPOSE: To estimate tolerance limits for irradiated human tissues by evaluating reactions observed in 426 patients who had received significant overdoses from an improperly calibrated cobalt unit. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A data file was designed to store essential technical and dosimetric information sufficient to analyze the response, estimate complication rates, and derive dose-response functions, using hierarchical region, system, and organ coding protocols. RESULTS: A total of 795 discrete target tissues had been irradiated in 426 evaluable subjects studied. In 183 patients who survived beyond 1 year, there were 62 (34%) with immediate severe complications in 386 irradiated sites including brain, spinal cord, skin, oropharyngeal mucosa, colon, and rectum. CONCLUSION: This unique data set includes responses to high doses and unusual fractionation beyond the range of conventional clinical experience. It provides a resource for estimating human tissue tolerance limits, for testing clinically relevant radiobiological models and for developing new optimization algorithms.

Cobalt↗
PubMed2004

A strategy for identifying differences in large series of metabolomic samples analyzed by GC/MS.

In metabolomics, the purpose is to identify and quantify all the metabolites in a biological system. Combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is one of the most commonly used techniques in metabolomics together with 1H NMR, and it has been shown that more than 300 compounds can be distinguished with GC/MS after deconvolution of overlapping peaks. To avoid having to deconvolute all analyzed samples prior to multivariate analysis of the data, we have developed a strategy for rapid comparison of nonprocessed MS data files. The method includes baseline correction, alignment, time window determinations, alternating regression, PLS-DA, and identification of retention time windows in the chromatograms that explain the differences between the samples. Use of alternating regression also gives interpretable loadings, which retain the information provided by m/z values that vary between the samples in each retention time window. The method has been applied to plant extracts derived from leaves of different developmental stages and plants subjected to small changes in day length. The data show that the new method can detect differences between the samples and that it gives results comparable to those obtained when deconvolution is applied prior to the multivariate analysis. We suggest that this method can be used for rapid comparison of large sets of GC/MS data, thereby applying time-consuming deconvolution only to parts of the chromatograms that contribute to explain the differences between the samples.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2003

Peptic ulcer data from 4 years of endoscopy in 955 pilots of the Japan Air Self Defense Force.

BACKGROUND: The treatment of peptic ulcer disease has undergone profound changes due to the recognition of Helicobacter pylori as a causative factor. A survey of medical records was made to determine the prevalence of peptic ulcer among pilots of the Japan Air Self Defense Force (JASDF) and to decide on a possible change in JASDF medical policy toward an ulcer-treatment regime involving therapy to eradicate Helicobacter pylori. METHODS: The subjects were 955 male pilots, age 40 or older. Between 1996 and 1999, they underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy 2.47 times on average. Annual ulcer rates and recurrence rates were obtained from the endoscopic file data. Smoking habits and use of NSAIDs were also assessed as important risk factors for peptic ulcer. RESULTS: The detection rate of open ulcer for each year was 2.3-3.1% in the stomach and 1.9-4.4% in the duodenum. For ulcers including scarring, the corresponding figures were 7.3-9.5% and 12.7-19.9%. The recurrence rate from S1 scars in the duodenum was 34%, significantly higher than that from S2 scars (7%) (p < 0.0005). There was no significant difference in recurrence rate between S1 scars and S2 scars in the stomach. There was a significant association between gastric ulcer and smoking (p < 0.0005). None of the pilots took long-term NSAID medications. CONCLUSIONS: Peptic ulcer occurs more frequently in the JASDF pilots than in the general population. S1 scarring in the duodenum, as well as open ulcers in either stomach or duodenum, are candidates for Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy if the bacterium is detected. Other types of scars are also candidates for this therapy when pilots have symptoms related to infection with Helicobacter pylori.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

A high-throughput urinalysis of abused drugs based on a SPE-LC-MS/MS method coupled with an in-house developed post-analysis data treatment system.

A rapid urinalysis system based on SPE-LC-MS/MS with an in-house post-analysis data management system has been developed for the simultaneous identification and semi-quantitation of opiates (morphine, codeine), methadone, amphetamines (amphetamine, methylamphetamine (MA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)), 11-benzodiazepines or their metabolites and ketamine. The urine samples are subjected to automated solid phase extraction prior to analysis by LC-MS (Finnigan Surveyor LC connected to a Finnigan LCQ Advantage) fitted with an Alltech Rocket Platinum EPS C-18 column. With a single point calibration at the cut-off concentration for each analyte, simultaneous identification and semi-quantitation for the above mentioned drugs can be achieved in a 10 min run per urine sample. A computer macro-program package was developed to automatically retrieve appropriate data from the analytical data files, compare results with preset values (such as cut-off concentrations, MS matching scores) of each drug being analyzed and generate user-defined Excel reports to indicate all positive and negative results in batch-wise manner for ease of checking. The final analytical results are automatically copied into an Access database for report generation purposes. Through the use of automation in sample preparation, simultaneous identification and semi-quantitation by LC-MS/MS and a tailored made post-analysis data management system, this new urinalysis system significantly improves the quality of results, reduces the post-data treatment time, error due to data transfer and is suitable for high-throughput laboratory in batch-wise operation.

Automation↗
PubMed2003

Viewing and annotating sequence data with Artemis.

Artemis is a widely used software tool for annotating and viewing sequence data. No database is required to use Artemis. Instead, individual sequence data files can be analysed with little or no formatting, making it particularly suited to the study of small genomes and chromosomes, and straightforward for a novice user to get started. Since its release in 1999, Artemis has been used to annotate a diverse collection of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, ranging from Streptomyces coelicolor to, more recently, a large proportion of the Plasmodium falciparum genome. Artemis allows annotated genomes to be easily browsed and makes it simple to add useful biological information to raw sequence data. This paper gives an overview of some of the features of Artemis and includes how it facilitates manual gene prediction and can provide an overview of entire chromosomes or small compact genomes--useful for uncovering unusual features such as pathogenicity islands.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Medicare market analysis targets the services seniors want most.

Data File: A Medicare market analysis by the Evanston, IL-based Sachs Group shows how knowing your market can help direct you to the services your seniors want and need, to keep them in plans. Learn how such analyses can help you determine what benefits you and your plan should offer enrollees.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Patterns in the delivery of psychiatric care in Saskatchewan 1971-1972 (II). Types of contacts and some patient career characteristics.

A previous paper dealt with an overview of service sectors and patient volumes (2), whereas this one concentrates on types of contacts and some patient career characteristics. Analysis of a comprehensive psychiatric care utilization data file for Saskatchewan for the 1971-1972 period shows that 'public' sector patients were hospitalized for a greater average length of time than were 'private' sector patients. This may reflect differences in the styles of practice, exigencies of the demand for hospital beds in the 'private' as opposed to the 'public' sector and/or intrinsic differences in the nature of the problem treated in each sector. Some interesting facts regarding patterns of contact were uncovered. The bimodal nature of the 'psychiatric population' was further evident from the data which show that the majority of patients used relatively few services whereas a few used a large number of services. This suggests that the majority of the people seen for psychiatric reasons by medical practitioners were suffering from relatively minor psychiatric disorders. Heavy users of services were much more likely to have had some'public' or University Hospital-based contact. Conversely, light users were predominantly private sector patients. In the 'public' sector, those who had had some in patient treatment were consistently higher users of all services. It is evident that psychiatrists held a dominant position in this community-oriented public sector, having seen a large number of patients, but having had a low average rate of services per patient. In contrast, community nurses saw relatively few patients but saw them very often. This no doubt reflects their role in providing 'maintenance' services to chronic patients in approved homes in the community. In the 'private' sector, 69 percent of the services were delivered by GPs and 23 percent by psychiatrists were more likely to have had 'public' sector activity than were those seen only by GPs; also once in the 'public' sector, they were likelier to have had in patient as well as outpatient treatment. This suggests a 'sifting' of the more "difficult" patients through the private specialist sector into the public sector.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1993

A process for obtaining patient clinical information in the ambulatory setting.

The Wisconsin Ambulatory Review Project is the most extensive study to date with the goal of describing in detail the nature of care in the ambulatory setting. To assist in the description, a detailed, electronic clinical data base was created from a random sample of nonstandard, often hand-written, ambulatory patient medical records. This paper describes the set of processes that enabled significant clinical data to be collected, organized, and made available to researchers, including the collection of a representative sample of patient medical records, the creation of a detailed clinical vocabulary, the implementation of the vocabulary as a data abstraction tool, the collection and aggregation of distributed electronic data files, and the assessment of the efficiency of the abstraction process. The integration of all of these processes has produced a working system that has successfully been deployed as a pilot study across a seven-state area.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2006

Centralized medical monitoring in phase III clinical trials: the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) experience.

BACKGROUND: There is a need for data quality assurance procedures in phase III cancer trials. At the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) 'real-time' systems have been developed for quality assurance and study monitoring: (1) manual review and triage of data forms by data managers at the time of submission; (2) computerized edit checking of all submitted data forms; (3) systematic review of eligibility, treatment compliance and toxicity in the first 100 patients of a new protocol; (4) prospective centralized medical review of all reported serious adverse events, treatment failures, second primary cancers and deaths; (5) quarterly review and approval of study summary data files by project statistician; and (6) on-site auditing. PURPOSE: To assess the utility of an additional final comprehensive review of all patient records to confirm eligibility, disease status and vital status prior to manuscript submission. METHODS: Four phase III NSABP studies, which had been monitored using the triage-based quality assurance program described above, were selected for analysis (n = 7972). Charts for 5965 patients were identified that had not been previously medically reviewed for protocol events of recurrence, second primary cancer or death. Submitted source documents and data forms of these 5965 NSABP patient records underwent medical review to verify patient eligibility, disease status and vital status. RESULTS: This final comprehensive review found no additional treatment failures or deaths, identified seven additional cases of ineligibility, was time-intensive requiring enormous use of expensive resources, and was therefore judged not to add significantly to the integrity of the database. LIMITATIONS: Our findings are influenced by the procedures the NSABP employs for quality assurance and study monitoring for Phase III clinical trials and may have limited generalizability to other settings. CONCLUSION: In the presence of multiple quality assurance and data monitoring systems, the rare discrepancies found between the data forms and source documentation does not support the routine use of a final comprehensive chart review for phase III trials at the NSABP Biostatistical Center.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

Casenote assessment of psychopathy in a high security hospital.

INTRODUCTION: There is now a large amount of data demonstrating the internal reliability and construct validity of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist (PCL/PCL-R) when used in the assessment of psychopathy in male forensic populations. It has well-established psychometric properties when scored following a review of collateral information and a subsequent interview. However, its internal reliability and factor structure, when casenote information alone has been used, have not been examined outside North America. METHOD: A sample of 89 patients from a British high security hospital, with the legal classification of psychopathic disorder, was scored retrospectively on the PCL-R from their medical files only. The psychometric properties of the PCL-R were analysed. Results The PCL-R ratings showed a high level of internal reliability. The factor structure was very similar to that found in Hare's North American sample of forensic psychiatric patients. DISCUSSION: The findings support the application of the PCL-R, when scored using existing file data alone, to a British high security hospital population.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

Computer interpreted fetal monitoring data. Discriminant analysis or perinatal data as a model for prediction of neurologic status at one year of age.

Intrapartum fetal monitoring may be useful in discriminating short-term and long-term infant outcomes. In order to develop a model for the classification of infants for measures of outcome and to evaluate the discriminatory value of selected perinatal data, 61 data files, which included computer interpreted fetal electroencephalogram and fetal heart rate, one and five minute Apoar scores, results of neonatal neurologic examination, and results of neurologic examination at one year of age, were submitted to computerized discriminant function analysis. For the classification of infants for neurologic status at one year, using FEEG patterns alone, 64% of the 42 normal infnats and 63% of the 19 abnormal infants were correctly classified. Using intrapartum FEEG and FHR patterns simultaneously, 69% of the 42 normal infants and 63% of the 19 abnormal infants were correctly classified. Combining intrapartum data with postpartum data, including one minute and five minute Apgar scores and neonatal neurologic examinations, 81% of the 42 normal infants and 79% of the 19 abnormal infants could be correctly classified. These results suggest that brain damage may already be present before birth, during labor, and that the risk of abnormal neurologic outcome at one year can be detected for a large percentage of infants using computer interpreted monitoring data during labor.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed2000

[Implementation of a software for acquiring and analysing myoelectric potential signals in ergonomical research of space manual system].

Objective. A software used for acquiring and analyzing signals was developed for ergonomical research on Human Workload in space manual system. Method. As an important part of the whole experimental equipment and being developed in PC, the software is composed of acquisition and display program, analysis and processing program and data files. Result. The software is capable of making realtime acquisition and display of four channels of myoelectric potential signals and one channel of operation signal synchronously. The signals are then analyzed and processed off-line. Conclusion. During the development, its realtime feature was implemented by means of some technical methods, such as that different machine assigned to view-scenery display and signal acquisition, different frequency assigned to EMG signal and operation ones, and different cycle assigned to acquisition, display and storage. Above all, with friendly man-machine interface and high accuracy of data, the software was even reliable.

Data Display↗
PubMed1994

Additive and nonadditive genetic variances for milk yield, fertility, and lifetime performance traits of dairy cattle.

Additive and nonadditive genetic variances were estimated for yield traits and fertility for three subsequent lactations and for lifetime performance traits of purebred and crossbred dairy cattle populations. Traits were milk yield, energy-corrected milk yield, fat percentage, protein percentage, calving interval, length of productive life, and lifetime FCM of purebred Simmental, Simmental including crossbreds, and Braunvieh crossed with Brown Swiss. Data files ranged from 66,740 to 375,093 records. An approach based on pedigree information for sire and maternal grandsire was used and included additive, dominance, and additive by additive genetic effects. Variances were estimated using the tildehat approximation to REML. Heritability estimated without nonadditive effects in the model was overestimated, particularly in presence of additive by additive variance. Dominance variance was important for most traits; for the lifetime performance traits, dominance was clearly higher than additive variance. Additive by additive variance was very high for milk yield and energy-corrected milk yield, especially for data including crossbreds. Effect of inbreeding was low in most cases. Inclusion of nonadditive effects in genetic evaluation models might improve estimation of additive effects and may require consideration for dairy cattle breeding programs.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Seniors relying on Medicare as sole health care insurance may turn to Medicare+Choice.

Data File: Seniors most likely to join Medicare+Choice plans are those with no other source of medical insurance who want the most benefits they can get at the lowest out-of-pocket cost. A study by the Employee Benefit Research Institute finds the numbers of seniors in this category are increasing, especially among the poor, women, minorities, and those over age 85.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of a Dietary Exposure Potential Model for evaluating dietary exposure to chemical residues in food.

The Dietary Exposure Potential Model (DEPM) is a computer-based model developed for estimating dietary exposure to chemical residues in food. The DEPM is based on food consumption data from the 1987-1988 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (NFCS) administered by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and on residue data from government-sponsored monitoring programs. Foods reported in the NFCS were categorized into exposure core foods (ECFs). A computer program for DOS-based personal computers was developed to link consumption of the ECFs with residue values observed in the foods. The data files utilized by the DEPM were designed in dBASE IV with FoxPro for Windows applications programs for queries and reporting. The program calculates exposure estimates for categories of core foods, such as grain dishes, fruits, or vegetables; for individual core foods, such as wheat and apple combination dishes; and for individual foods, such as apples or carrots. The program, residue summary databases, and core food consumption database permit the analyst to evaluate potential exposure of several population groups to various chemicals via the diet. The DEPM is not intended for risk assessments, but is a suitable tool for identifying data gaps and establishing priorities for research, and for identifying potentially significant foods for human exposure monitoring.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[A chronological linkage technic of records and use of the obtained information. Application to the functional control of cardiac stimulators].

The application of information processing to the study of the evolution of the patient's state requires the constituting of a file which contains the values of different items as functions of time. There are many methods for doing this and most of them appeal to the construction of a complex database. The technique presented in the paper paper tries at first to constitute, for each patient, some records, of which every one corresponds to a determined "operation' (the term "operation' is taken in the wide sense; example: consultation, surgical intervention,...) then to link them according to the chronological order. It has the advantage of being easy so that it may be used even on minicomputers. Furthermore, the exploitation of the resultant data file is very easy. This method is well suited to problems such as the examination of the longitudinal investigations, the treatment of records of the patients who went through several operations, etc. The application presented here is the checking of the functioning of pacemakers. We wrote on a minicomputer MITRA 15/125 transferable general program (using FORTRAN IV exclusively), which allows one to carry out the linking and to exploit the resultant file. It is so designed that the addition of new procedures involved in new applications may be very easy.

Computers↗
PubMed1991

Fluxplus, a microcomputer program for interactive calculation of 'in vitro' solute fluxes, uptakes and accumulations in studies of intestinal transport.

A new microcomputer program for interactive comparisons, analysis and calculation of in vitro solute transepithelial fluxes and nutrient uptakes and accumulations by intestinal tissues is described. The program is written in Microsoft GWBASIC for the widely distributed IBM-PC. Flux, uptake and accumulation values are obtained by computation from initial sequential data files and stored in sequential or random-orgaized files, depending on the specific process. Computed unidirectional fluxes are saved together with their associate electrical variables. The program calculates univariate statistics for unidirectional and net fluxes, and allows comparisons between selected groups of experiments by using the Student's t-test. An homocedasticity test is also provided. Active uptake or accumulations of solutes are calculated by substracting the predicted diffusive values at a determined concentration to total uptake or accumulation and from this, kinetic parameters are computed. The program was designed to be user-friendly and includes several functions to permit the user to manage and examine stored data. Examples of outputs illustrate applications of the program.

Animals↗