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PubMed1986

Hexachlorobenzene exposure in the production of chlorophenols.

Workers involved in the production of pentachlorophenol (PCP) may be exposed to one of its contaminants, hexachlorobenzene (HCB). PCP is produced commercially in the USA by direct chlorination of phenol with chlorine gas in the presence of a catalyst at gradually rising temperatures up to 200 degrees C. Other contaminants formed in PCP production are isomers of hexa-, hepta- and octachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin and isomers of tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta- and octachlorodibenzofuran. This paper presents the analytical results of personal breathing-zone, area-air and surface-wipe samples collected at a typical PCP manufacturing plant. The personal breathing-zone samples showed that workers were exposed to HCB concentrations ranging from less than 0.0001 to 0.12 mg/m3. Area-air samples taken throughout the manufacturing plant showed that HCB concentrations ranged from less than 0.0001 to 0.63 mg/m3. Surface-wipe samples showed contamination ranging from less than 0.1 to 3.7 micrograms/wipe.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1996

Enhanced excretion of intermediates of aromatic amino acid catabolism during chlorophenol degradation due to nutrient limitation in the yeast Candida maltosa.

Incubation of phenol-induced cells of the yeast Candida maltosa SBUG 700 with mono- and dichlorophenols resulted in the formation of metabolites of the substrates and of further metabolites not related to the degradation pathway of the substrates. These additional compounds, identified as 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA), phenylacetic acid (PA), indolylacetic acid (IA) and indolylethanol (i.e.) by means of HPLC and GC/MS, were not excreted in incubation experiments with glucose. The excretion of these metabolites of aromatic amino acid metabolism is not caused by toxic effects of the phenol derivatives, but seems to be a result of carbon and nitrogen starvation of yeast cells.

Amino Acids↗