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PubMed2006

Occupational performance: comparing normally-hearing and hearing-impaired employees using the Amsterdam Checklist for Hearing and Work.

This study compares the occupational performance of employees with and without hearing impairment, and aims to identify occupational difficulties specifically related to hearing loss. The Amsterdam Checklist for Hearing and Work was administered to 150 hearing-impaired employees and 60 normally-hearing colleagues. A multivariate analysis of variance was performed to test group effects, and to examine differences between means. Factors predicting sick-leave were identified by regression analyses. A significant group effect (p < 0.01) was found. Hearing-impaired employees differed from normally-hearing colleagues in their perception of 'environmental noise', 'job control' and the 'necessity to use hearing activities' at work. Also, sick-leave due to distress occurred significantly more often in the hearing impaired group (p < 0.05). 'Hearing impairment', 'job demand', and the requirement to 'recognize/distinguish between sounds' were the strongest risk-factors for stress related sick-leave. The importance of hearing functions besides speech communication is discussed. Implications for rehabilitation are suggested. In future research, hearing loss should be considered as a risk factor for fatigue and mental distress which may lead to sick-leave.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The Pediatric Symptom Checklist: validation in the real world of middle school.

Examined the validity of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC), a brief parent-completed psychosocial screening questionnaire, in a sample of 166 students from a public middle school. Positive screening on the parent PSC was significantly associated with independent ratings by the students' guidance counselor and teachers of the need for regular counseling; any academic failure during the next 2 years; and PSCs competed by the students about themselves. Most students who screened positive on the parent PSC were found to have significant problems in at least one of the above areas. The PSC also identified a group of students whose difficulties were previously unknown to school personnel. For pediatric psychologists, guidance counselors, and pediatricians who need to identify middle-school students with serious psychosocial problems, the PSC appears to be a valid and useful first-stage screening instrument.

Achievement↗
PubMed1991

Cautions in using the Child Behavior Checklist: observations based on research about children with a chronic illness.

The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the related instruments, the Teacher's Report Form (TRF) and Youth Self-Report (YSR), are frequently used in research assessing the behavioral adjustment of children. This paper describes some issues relevant to children with a chronic physical illness that should be considered when using these instruments. Salient problems include (a) possible bias in interpreting data concerning physical symptoms; (b) limited sensitivity to identify mild adjustment problems of the sort most often encountered in children with chronic physical illnesses; and (c) incomplete and potentially misleading assessment of social competence. When using these instruments investigators should also be aware of several general methodologic issues before collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data regarding children with chronic illnesses.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Brief report: cross-validation of the Injury Behavior Checklist in a school-age sample.

Examined descriptive characteristics, internal validity, and convergent validity of the Injury Behavior Checklist (IBC) in a sample of 7- to 10-year-old children. Although the IBC was originally designed for use with preschool children, results of the present study showed that it has acceptable psychometric qualities for use with children as old as 9 years. The IBC shows promise as an easily administered instrument for research on psychological and behavioral mechanisms of childhood injury, as well as for individual screening for injury liability.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Behavior problems in children with diabetes: disentangling possible scoring confounds on the Child Behavior Checklist.

OBJECTIVE: The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; T. M. Achenbach, 1991), when used to assess the behavior of children with diabetes, may contain confounds because some behavioral items can have a physiologic etiology, and may skew reports of behavioral disturbance. METHODS: Two techniques were used to disentangle possible scoring confounds in the behavioral ratings of children with and without diabetes: (1) the Somatic Complaints scale was deleted, or (2) Diabetes Items, identified a priori with 89% agreement by nine medical personnel, were deleted. RESULTS: As expected, with traditionally scored protocols, children with diabetes obtained higher Internalizing and Total Behavior Problem scores than controls. This group difference persisted whether the Somatic Complaints scale or the Diabetes Items were deleted. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to controls, children with diabetes obtained mildly elevated scores on six of the eight CBCL scales, regardless of scoring method, suggesting that their mildly elevated behavioral profile is not confounded by physiologic symptomatology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Posttraumatic stress disorder among mothers of pediatric cancer survivors: diagnosis, comorbidity, and utility of the PTSD checklist as a screening instrument.

OBJECTIVE: To examine posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in mothers of survivors of childhood cancer. Comorbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders, prevalence of subclinical PTSD, and the utility of a self-report measure as a screening instrument for PTSD were also investigated. METHOD: Mothers (n = 65) completed a questionnaire self-report PTSD checklist (PCL-C). Mothers were administered several modules of the SCID: nonpatient edition by telephone, including the PTSD, Generalized Anxiety, and Major Depressive Disorder modules. RESULTS: We diagnosed 6.2% of the sample with current PTSD. An additional 20% had subclinical PTSD. One of four mothers with PTSD diagnoses had a comorbid diagnosis of an anxiety and depressive disorder. The PCL-C evidenced diagnostic utility as a screening instrument. However, a moderate number of false-positives would result if the recommended cut-off on the instrument was used. CONCLUSIONS: The PCL-C had diagnostic utility in screening mothers of childhood cancer survivors. The presence of comorbid diagnoses such as anxiety and depression should be examined.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of the quality of life of the schizophrenic outpatient: a checklist.

The quality of life of schizophrenic patients has become an important issue, both in the community and in the hospital. Treatment programs should be individualized to improve patients' quality of life, which calls for both flexibility and detailed assessment of patients' patterns of existence. Described is the Quality of Life Checklist for recording judgments of the patient's situation in a systematic way, to make sure that important areas are not overlooked. It is simple, easy to use, and potentially a useful tool for evaluation, and for planning relevant and individualized interventions. A pilot study in 40 schizophrenic patients demonstrated its utility. The troubles of schizophrenia are not exclusively a medical and psychiatric rehabilitation problem. Other agencies and other professionals have a responsibility for our patient's quality of life and to deal with social problems that are beyond the usual scope of our own capabilities and expertise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Validation of the Non-communicating Children's Pain Checklist-Postoperative Version.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Non-communicating Children's Pain Checklist-Postoperative Version (NCCPC-PV) when used with children with severe intellectual disabilities. METHODS: The caregivers of 24 children with severe intellectual disabilities (aged 3-19 yr) took part. Each child was observed by one of their caregivers and one of the researchers for 10 min before and after surgery. They independently completed the NCCPC-PV and made a visual analog scale rating of the child's pain intensity for those times. A nurse also completed a visual analog scale for the same observations. RESULTS: The NCCPC-PV was internally reliable (Cronbach alpha = 0.91) and showed good interrater reliability. A repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated NCCPC-PV total and subscale scores were significantly higher after surgery and did not differ by observer. Postoperative NCCPC-PV scores correlated with visual analog scale ratings provided by caregivers and researchers, but not with those of nurses. A score of 11 on the NCCPC-PV, by caregivers, provided 0.88 sensitivity and 0.81 specificity for classifying children with moderate to severe pain. CONCLUSIONS: The NCCPC-PV displayed good psychometric properties when used for the postoperative pain of children with severe intellectual disabilities and has the potential to be useful in a clinical setting. The results suggest familiarity with an individual child with intellectual disabilities is not necessary for pain assessment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Affective disorders after traumatic brain injury: cautions in the use of the Symptom Checklist-90-R.

DESIGN: The current study compared the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R) results from a population of 88 individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to those of a normative group. SETTING: Individuals with traumatic brain injury referred to a university-based psychology clinic. RESULTS: Results corroborated those from a smaller study,(1) where a considerable proportion of the elevations found on the subscales was attributed to endorsement of items identified as having a neurological basis. CONCLUSION: This reinforces the view that the results of neurological groups on clinical measures of emotional distress that have been standardized on physically healthy populations can be distorted because many of the items can be answered from physical and emotional perspectives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

University of Rochester laboratory inspection checklist.

In early 1999, the University of Rochester significantly revised our laboratory inspection program. As part of this revision, we developed a new checklist to be used during laboratory inspections to help promote consistency between inspections and between inspectors.

Forms and Records Control↗
PubMed1991

Screening for childhood psychopathology in the community using the Child Behavior Checklist.

One of the uses of the Child Behavior Checklist is as a screening instrument for childhood psychopathology in two-phase designs. The present report involves a two-phase epidemiological survey conducted in Puerto Rico in which the CBCL was used as a screening instrument during the first stage, and children were evaluated clinically during the second stage. The data indicate that in using the CBCL for screening for psychopathology in children, parent information is most informative, particularly for children in the adolescent age group. Nevertheless, the data also reinforce the need to obtain teacher information with the Teacher Report Form to enhance screening sensitivity. In this population, the data obtained with the Youth Self-Report were found to be of limited usefulness for screening purposes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Psychiatric comorbidity in attention deficit disorder: impact on the interpretation of Child Behavior Checklist results.

Studies have investigated associations between the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and clinical diagnoses without assessing the impact of comorbidity on these results. This study evaluates associations between parental reports from the CBCL and a structured diagnostic interview in children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADDH) stratified by the presence (ADDH+) or absence (ADDH-) of psychiatric comorbidity. Interview-defined ADDH children scored significantly worse on all scales of the CBCL compared with scores from interview-defined non-ill comparisons. However, these findings were accounted for by the subgroup of children with ADDH+. The results indicate a good correspondence between CBCL-based ratings and interview-defined diagnoses. These findings also suggest that the CBCL may be a good screening instrument, not only for ADDH but also for comorbid psychiatric disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Screening for psychosocial dysfunction in inner-city children: further validation of the Pediatric Symptom checklist.

A sample of 123 6- to 12-year-old outpatients at an inner-city pediatric clinic was screened for psychosocial dysfunction using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC), a brief parent-completed questionnaire. The prevalence of positive screening scores on the PSC was 22%, significantly higher than the rate found in lower middle to upper middle-class samples. Comparing PSC case classifications with comprehensive assessments made by clinicians, overall agreement was 92% (kappa = 0.82; sensitivity = 88%; specificity = 100%); a comparison with several other measures provided additional support for the validity of the PSC. The PSC's reliability over time was also acceptable. These findings provide preliminary evidence that the PSC is as valid and reliable for screening children from economically disadvantaged and minority backgrounds as it is for middle and upper middle-class populations.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1996

Child Behavior Checklist findings further support comorbidity between ADHD and major depression in a referred sample.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the convergence of categorical and empirical diagnostic systems to evaluate whether psychiatric comorbidity of juvenile major depression with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is due to assessment bias. METHOD: Using total predictive value and the odds ratio, the authors evaluated the convergence of Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scales with structured interview-derived diagnoses in 94 children with major depression, 97 with ADHD, and 115 normal control children with neither diagnosis. RESULTS: The CBCL Anxious/Depressed scale discriminated depressed from nondepressed children irrespective of comorbidity with ADHD, and the Attention Problems scale discriminated ADHD from non-ADHD children irrespective of comorbidity with major depression. Children with major depression comorbid with ADHD had CBCL correlates of both syndromes. CONCLUSIONS: Since the CBCL is an empirically derived taxonomic system, the correspondence between the content-congruent CBCL scales and DSM-III-R categorical diagnoses of major depression and of ADHD indicates that previously reported findings of high overlap between these two disorders using structured diagnostic interview methodology and trained raters were not due to rater biases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Acceptability of the Conners Parent Rating Scale and Child Behavior Checklist to Dakotan/Lakotan parents.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this pilot study was to determine how Dakotan/Lakotan parents view the Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). METHOD: Using a focus group methodology, four discussion groups were held in different sites across South Dakota where the CPRS and CBCL were in clinical use. RESULTS: Only two questions on each form were incomprehensible to these Dakotan/Lakotan parents. Other questions were hard to answer because certain questions contained implicit dominant cultural values that did not take into account Dakotan/Lakotan cultural values or traditions, or the questions were hard to answer because Dakotan/Lakotan believed their responses could or would be misunderstood by members of the dominant culture who did not understand Dakotan/Lakotan style or customs. CONCLUSIONS: The CPRS and CBCL were generally acceptable to Dakotan/Lakotan parents. Clinicians could make several statements to Native parents that would improve cultural acceptability.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Long-term stability of Child Behavior Checklist profile types in a child psychiatric clinic population.

OBJECTIVE: To study the long-term stability of Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) profile types, which represent children's overall patterns of single and comorbid scale elevations. METHOD: Profile types were determined for 623 outpatient children at referral and then at mean follow-up 4.8 years later, and their continuity was determined. RESULTS: At baseline 37.5% of the children were classified by a profile type, and 41.9% of these originally classified children continued to be classified at follow-up. The average odds ratio for a child continuing as a specific CBCL profile type from baseline to follow-up was 8.2. When children changed from one specific profile type to another, they usually continued in the same broad externalizing or internalizing category. Children who were not classified by a profile type at baseline generally remained unclassified. CONCLUSIONS: Stability findings for CBCL profile types appeared good and were similar to past longitudinal results for CBCL scales and DSM diagnoses. These profile types may prove an important empirical method for addressing the problem of comorbid clinical pictures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Latent class analysis of Child Behavior Checklist attention problems.

OBJECTIVE: To test whether attention problems in children are continuously distributed or categorically discrete, the authors performed latent class analyses (LCA) of items from the Attention Problems scale of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) using data from the clinical and nonclinical samples used in the derivation of the CBCL syndromes. METHOD: A CBCL was completed by a parent or guardian of each of 2,100 nonreferred children selected to be representative of U.S. nonreferred children and a demographically matched sample of 2,100 clinically referred children. Attention problems symptoms were subjected to LCA. RESULTS: LCAs were consistent with the presence of 3 levels of symptom presentation in both samples. Children in the nonclinical sample were classified as having no symptoms, mild symptoms, or moderate symptoms. Children in the clinical group had mild, moderate, or severe symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that child and adolescent psychiatric symptoms such as attention problems can be thought of as continuously distributed phenomena rather than discrete disease entities, lending support for an empirical approach to both clinical work and research. In addition, high prevalence rates of attention problems in both clinical and nonclinical samples suggest the need for careful screening of attention problems in clinic and academic settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Latent class analysis of child behavior checklist anxiety/depression in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: Comorbidity of psychiatric problems such as anxiety and depression poses challenges to treatment and research. This study tested whether problem items from the Anxious/Depressed scale of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) can be separated into distinct anxiety and depression classes or are continuously distributed throughout a population. METHOD: A CBCL was completed by a parent or guardian of each of 1,987 children and adolescents selected to represent nonreferred children in the United States, as well as by a parent or guardian of each of a demographically matched sample of 1,987 clinically referred children and adolescents. Problem items from the Anxious/Depressed scale of the CBCL were subjected to latent class analysis. RESULTS: Analyses revealed three levels of problem presentation in both samples. Children in the nonreferred sample were classified as having no problems, mild problems, or moderate anxiety/depression problems. Children and adolescents in the referred group were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe levels of problems. No pure anxiety or depression classes were found, only classes containing a mixture of both anxiety and depressive problems. Age, gender, and sample differences were found in class groupings, with nonreferred adolescent girls showing elevated levels of problems. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that the comorbid conditions of anxiety and depression, as assessed by the CBCL anxiety/depression problem items, can be thought of as part of the same continuum of problems. Implications for assessment and treatment utilization are discussed.

Adolescent↗