SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Bronchoscopy”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

The laryngeal mask airway for awake diagnostic bronchoscopy. A retrospective study of 200 consecutive patients.

The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) provides a view of the larynx and moving vocal cords without loss of airway control and can be used in flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy for both anaesthetized and awake patients. In this retrospective review of 200 consecutive patients over a 30 month period, bronchoscopy was successful via the LMA in all but one patient using a technique of topical anaesthesia and sedation. The LMA directs the fibrescope to the glottis, allows respiratory function to be monitored and oxygen to be given. Complication rates were similar to those reported for transnasal awake bronchoscopy. Insertion of the LMA in the awake fasted patient is safe and easily achieved.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗

PubMed1994

[Interventional bronchoscopy].

The field of bronchoscopy has considerably expanded in recent years. The rigid and flexible bronchoscope are both used for diagnostic and increasingly for therapeutic procedures; for the therapeutic procedures the term 'interventional bronchoscopy' has been coined. Apart from the more traditional indications for interventional bronchoscopies, such as aspiration of secretions and removal of foreign bodies, the treatment of inoperable stenoses of the central airways--benign or malignant--has moved to the center stage of interventional endoscopies. This review focuses on the technique and indication of the following procedures: bronchial toilette, foreign body removal, dilatation, diathermy, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, laser resection, brachytherapy and the insertion of stents (endoprostheses).

Airway Obstruction↗

PubMed1993

[Significance of bronchoscopy in the early phase of chemotherapy in patients with small cell lung carcinoma for assessment of tumor regression and prognosis].

70 SCLC patients (pts): 25 women and 45 men aged 34 to 76 with limited disease were treated with chemotherapy in Institute of Tuberculosis in the period 1.01.1987-31.12.1992. After 3-5 courses of chemotherapy restaging was done using chest X-ray examination, bronchoscopy with cytological examination of bronchial material, abdomen ultrasound examination and other methods according to clinical indications. Complete regression (CR) of the tumor in chest X-ray examination was found in 17 cases, partial regression (PR) in 37 cases and no response (NR)-in 16 pts. The degree of tumor regression on chest X-ray had significant prognostic value. The median survival time in this group was 20 months while median was 13.5 months in PR patients group and 11.5 in NR patients. Bronchoscopy revealed macroscopic or microscopic signs of cancer in 5 of 17 pts with CR on chest X-ray examination, in 23 of 37 cases with PR on X-ray and in 12 of 16 with NR on X-ray. The persistence of tumor signs in bronchoscopic examination seemed to worsen the prognosis in pts with CR on chest X-ray. Complete regression of tumor revealed during bronchoscopy did not have any prognostic significance if CR on the chest X-ray was not obtained. It was concluded that bronchoscopic examinations in early phase of chemotherapy is useful to further treatment planning only in these pts in whom CR of tumor on chest X-ray examination was confirmed.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Pediatric flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy--a preliminary report.

The introduction of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy into clinical use in 1968 had led a veritable explosion in the application of pulmonary endoscopy. In 1978, Wood and his colleagues, using a 3.5 mm Olympus 3C4 pediatric bronchoscope, expanded this technique to pediatric field. Up-to-now, they have more than 2000 bronchoscopies in pediatric patients, however, there has been no report in this field in Taiwan. I, using a new Olympus pediatric flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope 3C20, sedation and topic anesthesia, performed 24 airway examinations in 22 patients in the past 7-month period. The youngest patient was a 1672 gm, 4 day-old baby. The most frequent indication was stridor and most common diagnosis was laryngomalacia. The complications were not common and could have been avoidable if performed by an expert. My conclusion is that pediatric fiberoptic bronchoscopy is possible even in small babies less than 3 kg of weight.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Value of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy under local anesthesia in infants].

From October 1991 through April 1992, 16 infants aged 5 to 25 months (mean age 14.3 months) underwent bronchoscopy with a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope, under local anesthesia. The technique is described in detail. Reasons for bronchoscopy included recurrent or persistent pneumonia (n = 4), persistent atelectasia (n = 4), lymphadenopathy and/or airway compression (n = 2), suspected foreign body (n = 2), bronchoalveolar lavage to investigate diffuse interstitial lung disease (n = 2), and severe recurrent wheezing (n = 2). The procedure established the accurate diagnosis in 14 cases. Adverse events (32%) were minor (transient hypoxia, n = 3; moderate fever, n = 1; and laryngospasm, n = 1) and resolved completely. Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy under local anesthesia is a simple procedure which is safe in patients under 30 months of age when performed by a experienced operator in an adequate facility. This method is useful for the diagnosis and/or treatment of a broad spectrum of conditions.

Anesthesia, Local↗

PubMed1995

The value of ultrasound-guided fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy is the procedure of choice for the diagnosis of endobronchial neoplasm. Because of technical limitations of fiberoptic bronchoscopy, the use of ultrasound assistance was initiated and evaluated. This article reviews the technique, study design, and clinical results of ultrasound-assisted fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Flexible bronchoscopy.

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is an excellent tool for the evaluation of the airways and lung parenchyma. The history of flexible bronchoscopy, anesthesia, technique, indications, contraindications, and complications in using the bronchoscopy are reviewed.

Anesthesia↗

PubMed1996

Value of rigid bronchoscopy and cytodiagnosis of bronchial washings in detecting bronchial carcinoma in the presence of a carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of rigid bronchoscopy and bronchial washings in detecting primary lung carcinomas. SETTING: Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital of Ghent, Belgium. DESIGN: Prospective analysis of patient investigations. METHOD: The results of 127 rigid bronchoscopies with bronchial washings in patients with a new, untreated head and neck tumour and a normal chest radiograph were analyzed for their usefulness in detecting simultaneous primary lung carcinomas. All patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years or till death. RESULTS: We found positive bronchial washings in 19 cases (21%). Unilateral positive bronchial washings were found in 8 patients (9%). In only one patient was a simultaneous primary lung tumour found. One patient was found to have a pulmonary metastasis. The remaining 6 patients with positive unilateral cytology (6/8) had normal chest roentgenograms and/or CT scans, and did not develop a lung tumour in the course of follow up. Of the 19 positive bronchial washings, 10 patients had a carcinoma of the larynx and two had a large hypopharyngeal carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Contamination of bronchial washings with tumour cells from head and neck neoplasms limited seriously the usefulness of positive bronchial cytology. The sensitivity and specificity of the rigid bronchoscopy with bronchial washing is too low to justify its cost.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in intensive care units].

The authors have retrospectively analysed 161 bedside fiberoptic bronchoscopies performed at intensive care units and demonstrate its' main indications, results and influences on the patients' condition. In 35.4% of cases immediate improvement was observed, in 31.6% the examination contributed to choose the proper treatment. Due to the safe method only one serious complication occurred because of bronchoscopy. The results justify-according to the literature-that fiberoptic bronchoscopy is an indispensable method to check airways and for diagnostical and therapeutic interventions of critically ill patients.

Bronchoscopes↗

PubMed1996

Rigid bronchoscopy and jet ventilation in an extremely low birthweight infant.

Until recently, rigid bronchoscopy was considered too risky for premature infants. We report a 658 g infant with life-threatening mediastinal shift due to right pulmonary atelectasis. Rigid bronchoscopy revealed tenacious mucous plugs in the right main bronchus. The collapsed lung was successfully reinflated after bronchial lavage with a rigid bronchoscope, with the help of intermittent high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV). The infant's mediastinal shift was reversed and the vital signs became stable. In our experience, rigid bronchoscopy combined with HFJV is a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for very small premature infants.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage↗

PubMed1996

Experience with flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of fibreoptic bronchoscopy as an investigation in respiratory medicine in Sri Lanka. DESIGN: 823 patients with chest opacities subjected to fibreoptic bronchoscopy. SETTING: General Hospital, Colombo. RESULTS: A definite diagnosis was made in 212 patients (25.7%). Bronchial carcinoma was diagnosed in 162 and pulmonary tuberculosis in 39 patients. Pulmonary metastases, vocal cord carcinoma, tracheal stenosis, carcinoid tumour, Pneumocystis carinii, malignant thymoma with bronchial secondaries, polyps in the trachea and post-operative collapse of lung were the other diagnoses. CONCLUSION: It is a safe procedure in a Sri Lankan setting to diagnose bronchial carcinoma, unsuspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and other tracheo-bronchial lesions. It has definite advantages over rigid bronchoscopy.

Bronchoscopy↗

PubMed1977

[Diagnostic and therapeutic applications of bronchoscopy (author's transl)].

The development of therapeutic bronchoscopy into diagnostic bronchoscopy is described. Based on a personal experience of more than 35,000 bronchoscopies, attention is given to some important points in diagnosis and therapy. In diagnosis, these factors include: 1) color of mucosa, 2) structure of cartilage, 3) minimal tissue changes (nodules, vessels, folds), 4) tonus, 5) secretion, 6) miscellaneous peculiarities. Therapeutic studies involve: 1) recanalisation (from secretion to foreign body and tumor), 2) scrubbing (in treatment of fibrinous bronchitis and tracheitis, 3) bougies, 4) irrigation, 5) washing (for status asthmaticus, aspiration of gastric contents, etc.), 6) tamponade for persistent hemoptysis.

Bronchial Diseases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Topical application of epinephrine during bronchoscopy in barbiturate-halothane-anaesthesia and its influence on cardiac action.

Since the introduction of halothane as an anaesthetic there have been several reports about cardiac arrhythmias during application of epinephrine in combination with halothane. This complication was also reported when epinephrine was used as local haemostyptic. We describe the effect of topical epinephrine upon cardiac action during bronchoscopy in barbiturate-halothane-anaesthesia. 21 patients with an average age of 66.4 years underwent bronchoscopy mainly because of suspect bronchial carcinoma, they were monitored by lead I ECG and blood gas analysis was carried out repeatedly. Immediately following biopsies, sponses with epinephrine solution 1:1000 were applied to the bronchial mucosa - the average epinephrine dose of these sponges was 0.12 mgs as calculated before by weighting. During this procedure we could not observe significant cardiac arrhythmias following epinephrine application. We conclude this to be the result of limited dosage and maintenance of adequate ventilation and oxygenation. Thus, epinephrine can be used as a local haemostyptic during bronchoscopy in halothane anaesthesia without significant risk when the above described precautions are observed.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗

PubMed1997

[Virtual bronchoscopy: the correlation between endoscopic simulation and bronchoscopic findings].

PURPOSE: We carried out a preliminary clinical validation of 3D spiral CT virtual endoscopic reconstructions of the tracheobronchial tree, by comparing virtual bronchoscopic images with actual endoscopic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients with tracheobronchial disease suspected at preliminary clinical, cytopathological and plain chest film findings were submitted to spiral CT of the chest and bronchoscopy. CT was repeated after endobronchial therapy in 2 cases. Virtual endoscopic shaded-surface-display views of the tracheobronchial tree were reconstructed from reformatted CT data with an Advantage Navigator software. Virtual bronchoscopic images were preliminarily evaluated with a semi-quantitative quality score (excellent/good/fair/poor). The depiction of consecutive airway branches was then considered. Virtual bronchoscopies were finally submitted to double-blind comparison with actual endoscopies. RESULTS: Virtual image quality was considered excellent in 8 cases, good in 14 and fair in 2. Virtual exploration was stopped at the lobar bronchi in one case only; the origin of segmental bronchi was depicted in 23 cases and that of some subsegmental branches in 2 cases. Agreement between actual and virtual bronchoscopic findings was good in all cases but 3 where it was nevertheless considered satisfactory. The yield of clinically useful information differed in 8/24 cases: virtual reconstructions provided more information than bronchoscopy in 5 cases and vice versa in 3. Virtual reconstructions are limited in that the procedure is long and difficult and needing a strictly standardized threshold value not to alter virtual findings. Moreover, the reconstructed surface lacks transparency, there is the partial volume effect and the branches < or = 4 pixels phi and/or meandering ones are difficult to explore. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary data are encouraging. Segmental bronchi were depicted in nearly all cases, except for the branches involved by disease. Obstructing lesions could be bypassed in some cases, making an indication for endoscopic laser therapy. Future didactic perspectives and applications to minimally invasive or virtual reality-assisted therapy seem promising, even though actual clinical applications require further studies.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the treatment of intubated neonates.

A study of the role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in intubated neonates was conducted. The study aimed to ascertain the applicability of fiberoptic bronchoscopy for assessment of endotracheal tube tip position, and to assess the incidence and clinical significance of airway disease in unselected patients. Seventy examinations on 65 neonates were performed without interruption of mechanical ventilation. The procedure was well tolerated in all cases. The accuracy of bronchoscopic measurement of endotracheal tube tip position improved markedly with user experience and reached a correlation of .96 with a chest roentgenogram. Although the technique was safe and accurate, the need for available and skilled personnel may limit the applicability of this method for endotracheal tube tip position assessment. Significant airway disease requiring a change in treatment was found in 13 patients (19%). This high incidence of significant but clinically unsuspected airway disease suggests that there should be more frequent consideration of diagnostic bronchoscopy in all sick intubated neonates who are at risk for airway disease.

Airway Obstruction↗

PubMed1992

Rigid bronchoscopy in the pediatric age group: diagnostic effectiveness.

Over a 15-year period, 277 diagnostic bronchoscopic procedures were carried out at the Winnipeg Children's Hospital using rigid bronchoscopic instrumentation. The objective of the review is to examine contribution to final diagnosis made by the procedure. The patient population included 60% male and 40% female patients ranging from the first day of life to 18 years (mean age, 6 years). Indications for bronchoscopy fell into two large groups, including 60% of patients with evidence of lower airway disease and 30% of patients with evidence of upper airway obstruction. In patients with upper airway obstruction, half were found to have a congenital underlying cause and half were due to an acquired lesion. In 85% of patients, a specific diagnosis was reached and this proved to correlate positively with the preoperative diagnosis in 80% of patients and negatively in 20%. Definitive treatment in patients with upper airway obstruction included surgical intervention in one third of patients. Patients with lower airway disease were diagnosed as having consolidation in 43%, atelectasis in 39%, and bronchiectasis in 18%. Disease localized most frequently to the left lower and right upper lobes and in only 10 of 168 patients was a congenital cause determined. Among 168 patients, 30 had surgical treatment as the definitive management with the majority of patients treated medically. Bronchoscopy was shown to contribute to diagnosis in 88% of patients examined. Bronchoscopy was carried out with a complication rate of 3% and no mortality.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Transbronchial needle aspiration: initial experience in routine diagnostic bronchoscopy.

BACKGROUND: Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) has been shown to be useful not only for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer, its most widely studied indication, but also for many of other clinical indications. Despite this, it remains largely underutilized, mainly because of concerns with poor yield, safety, lack of experience of the bronchoscopist, and lack of cytopathological support. OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical utility and yield of TBNA as an adjunct to other conventional procedures in diagnostic bronchoscopy at a centre that was relatively inexperienced with this technique, but where there was availability of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE). Most of the major indications for TBNA in both malignant as well as benign disease were included. SETTING: University Teaching Hospital naïve to the procedure. PATIENT AND METHODS: Forty-five consecutive patients who underwent TBNA as part of diagnostic bronchoscopy during a 2-year study period. RESULTS: TBNA gave a yield of 65% for evaluation of mediastinal disease, both benign and malignant. The overall diagnostic utility for all indications was 71% and there were no complications. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that TBNA is a useful and safe adjunct to diagnostic bronchoscopy in routine clinical practice. It has a satisfactory yield even with an inexperienced team, if used with ROSE.

Biopsy, Fine-Needle↗

PubMed2004

Role of flexible bronchoscopy in lung transplantation.

Flexible bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy has contributed significantly to the success of lung transplantation to detect rejection and infections (bacterial, fungal, viral, and protozoal). It permits the visualization of the airway anastomosis and also allows for the management of airway complications using interventional bronchoscopic techniques such as balloon dilatation, stent insertion, and laser. A new classification (TEGLA [thickness, extent of injury, granulation tissue, loose sutures, anastomotic complications]) for uniform reporting of airway ischemic injury is proposed. The common complications during flexible bronchoscopy include acute hypoxemia, bleeding, and pneumothorax. The management of these complications during flexible bronchoscopy and the value of surveillance and follow-up transbronchial biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage is discussed. Bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy are also used for research purposes and might hopefully allow recognition of bronchiolitis obliterans at an earlier stage.

Journal Article↗