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PubMed1992

Effects of blood sampling, anesthesia and surgery on plasma vasopressin concentration in rats.

The influence of blood sampling, anesthesia and surgery on plasma vasopressin concentration was assessed in rats. Mean plasma concentration in conscious, chronically catheterized rats was 1.4 +/- 0.1 pg/ml (n = 6). This value remained constant over repeated plasma samplings in the same animals. On the other hand, decapitation increased the plasma vasopressin concentration to 6.0 +/- 2.4 (in pg/ml) (n = 6), inactin anesthesia to 2.9 +/- 0.6 (n = 6), anesthesia and femoral cannulation to 13.3 +/- 5.8 (n = 6) and surgery for renal micropuncture to 81.3 +/- 35.0 (n = 6). It is concluded that the level of circulating plasma vasopressin is highly dependent on the sampling technique and is closely related to the extent of surgery.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1984

Lipid peroxidation in rabbit reticulocytes.

Lipid peroxides in rabbit erythrocytes and plasma were determined while anemia was induced by daily bleeding. They increased as reticulocytes increased and returned to normal with the morphological transformation to mature cells.

Anemia↗
PubMed1985

Cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2: modulation by arterial pressure.

Cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 (CO2R), measured in halothane-anesthetized rabbits, decreased as arterial pressure was increased either pharmacologically or mechanically. On the other hand, hypotension, induced by bleeding, led to an increase in CO2R. These responses were unaffected by denervation of baroreceptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Erythropoietic stimulation enhances, and erythropoietic inhibition suppresses, multidirectional differentiation in 4-day transient endogenous spleen colonies.

Transient endogenous spleen colonies were found to be composed of either erythroid, granuloid or megakaryocytic cells, or mixtures of these cell types. Independently of the directions of differentiation of the colonies their formation was uniformly stimulated by bleeding and almost completely prevented by hypertransfusion. It is suggested that cells which form these colonies constitute a separate class of pluripotential hemopoietic progenitors, whose differentiation in either direction passes the stage sensitive to erythropoiesis-modulating factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Cannulation of the axillary artery in critically ill newborn infants.

UNLABELLED: The axillary artery has been successfully cannulated in critically ill adult and paediatric patients. There is little information about experience with this technique in neonates. We report the use of axillary cannulation in 62 mechanically ventilated neonates with birth weight from 750 to 3800 g (mean 1950 g). The axillary artery was catheterized with 24 or 22 gauge teflon catheters by means of the catheter-over-a-needle technique. Arterial access was used for blood pressure monitoring, blood sampling and in seven cases for blood removal during exchange transfusions. Cannulae were removed when the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) was less than 0.3. During cannulation capillary refill, radial artery pulse and neurological status of the arm were checked daily. The mean period of cannulation was 4.1 days (1-10 days). During cannulation and after catheter removal there were no complications related to the chosen vessel e.g. no change in the skin colour, skin warmth, capillary refill and the quality of the radial pulse. No changes in the motor activity of the limb on the cannulated side were observed. CONCLUSION: Axillary artery cannulation is a useful alternative for establishing an arterial access in ventilated neonates. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term consequences of this technique.

Axillary Artery↗
PubMed1995

Suprahepatic vein oxygen tension in alcoholics with severe and mild liver damage.

We measured suprahepatic vein and arterial partial oxygen pressure in 35 alcoholics with severe (N = 7) or mild (N = 28) histological liver damage and without evidence of clinical liver failure. The suprahepatic vein was punctured with a fine needle, using a percutaneous approach. Suprahepatic vein partial oxygen pressure was lower and arterial-suprahepatic gradient higher in alcoholics with severe liver damage compared to those with mild damage (35.1 +/- 1.7 vs 44.1 +/- 2.1 and 58.9 +/- 3.7 vs 45.9 +/- 2.4 mm Hg, respectively; P < 0.001). Suprahepatic puncture was well tolerated and devoid of complications. It is concluded that alcoholics with severe liver damage have lower oxygen tensions in the suprahepatic vein, a phenomenon that supports the hypoxic theory of alcoholic liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Anatomical bases for a safe method of subclavian venipuncture. Clinical experience in 350 cases.

Based on fundamental anatomical considerations which are explained in detail we developed a safe technique for the catheterization of the subclavian v.: the point of puncture, which is situated about 25 mm below the junction between the medial and the middle thirds of the clavicle, is accurately determined with the help of a pattern described in the paper. The needle is directed towards the palpable dimple between the spinous processes of the 6th and the 7th cervical vertebrae. The only structure the cannula can reach is the medial portion of the subclavian v. into which the catheter is inserted. Therefore pneumothorax, haemothorax or other incidents do not occur. The method was tested in 350 cases and proved to be absolutely free of complications.

Bloodletting↗
PubMed1988

Iron kinetics effects of 88 millirads. Partial-versus-total body X-irradiation.

Rats were irradiated with one tibia shielded (95% marrow exposure), total body exposed (TBI, 100%), and only one tibia exposed (5%), or they were sham irradiated (SI, 0%). Plasma Fe-59 clearance time (T1/2) and Fe-59 content ratio in the right and left tibia (RT/LT) were assayed to determine the erythroid activity of the overall marrow of the animals and the relative marrow activity in the exposed and shielded tibias, respectively. When a major fraction of the overall marrow was shielded or irradiated, the overall erythroid activity levels were identical to those of the SI and TBI animals, respectively. Interestingly, enhanced normoblastosis was observed in the marrow of the exposed tibia of individual animals exhibiting normal erythroid activity in 95% of the marrow. Conversely, localized marrow with normal erythroid activity was found in a shielded tibia of individual rats, demonstrating an enhanced erythroid activity in a major fraction of the total body. It was concluded that 88 mrad can alter marrow functions in a small isolated skeletal region as effectively as in the whole body, and tandem assays of the Fe-59 T1/2 and Fe-59 RT/LT can facilitate ultra-low-dose X-ray studies involved with partial body exposures.

Anemia↗