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PubMed1978

HLA antigens in allergic contact dermatitis.

The relationship between HLA factors and allergic contact dermatitis was examined in a series of 149 patients with unequivocal positive reactions to one or several allergens on epicutaneous testing. Nine statistically significant associations involving 6 different HLA antigens and 6 different allergens were found. Four allergens (chromium, formalin, balsam of Peru and wool alcohol) were positively associated with the B7 antigen. Furthermore chromium allergy was associated with A3, formalin allergy with A2 (negative association) and A9, nickel allergy with B8 and colophony allergy with B27. The B7 antigen and the combination A3+B7 showed significant regressions on number of allergies. The results fit the hypothesis that some HLA factors (like B7) may predispose for multiple contact allergy and others for allergen specific reactions.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Liquid chromatographic determination of RH-5992, an ecdysone agonist, in some forestry matrixes.

A liquid chromatographic method is described for the analysis of RH-5992 (N'-t-butyl-N'-[3,5-dimethyl-benzoyl]-N- [-ethylbenzoyl]hydrazine) from various terrestrial and aquatic forestry matrixes and stream water. The processed soils, litter, oak foliage, sediment, aquatic plants, and fish were extracted with a mixture of acetone and water; balsam fir needles were extracted with acidified methanol solution; stream water was extracted with dichloromethane. Aliquots of crude extracts were solvent partitioned, concentrated, and cleaned up by using Florisil or Prepsep-NH2 columns. After fractional elution of the columns with hexane-ethyl acetate as the eluent, the eluates were analyzed on a liquid chromatograph equipped with a diode-array UV detector set at 236 nm, using an RP-8, 10 microns column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-dioxane-water. Fir needles required methanol in addition to the 3 solvents in the mobile phase mixture. Water samples did not require any column cleanup. Mean recoveries for the analyte ranged from 84 to 98%, with coefficients of variation from 5 to 10%. Limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 0.004 to 0.030 ppm and from 0.013 to 0.101 ppm, respectively, for various forestry matrixes. LOD and LOQ for natural waters were 0.050 and 0.166 ppb, respectively.

Chromatography, Liquid↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Propolis extract. II. Wound healing the the rat and rabbit].

This work is related to wounds healing properties of a propolis extract. In first study on the Albinos Rabbit, the activity of a propolis extract is compared with these of a Peru balsam. Optimal concentrations of them in ointments are evaluated by applications on deep cutaneous scarifications. In order to go further into details, we have chosen in second part, another assay on the Rat, allowing the obtention of deeper wounds; By this way, more complete quantification of retained parameters and a better appraising of the wounds healing process evolution are possible.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

[The most frequent contact allergens in the province of Tarnów].

2492 persons presenting contact eczema symptoms were tested with the 22 standard allergens' set in the Allergologic Laboratory of the District Hospital in Tarnów between 1982 and 1991. 946 persons (38% of all examined patients) had positive patch tests. Chromium, nickel, balsam of Peru, cobalt, prodermin, paraphenylenodiamine, anasthesin were the most often sensitizing contact allergens. The most frequent allergen for women was nickel, for men-chrome. The monovalent contact allergy prevailed over the polyvalent one.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

[Allergologic survey in 251 patients with moderate or severe dermatitis. Incidence and value of the detection of contact eczema, food allergy or sensitization to air-borne allergens].

INTRODUCTION: Because of the increased recruitment of uncontrolled atopic dermatitis (AD) necessitating chronic use of dermocorticosteroids, we developed a prospective allergologic survey in a serie of 251 patients presenting with moderate or severe AD. PATIENTS AND METHOD: 251 patients were refered for allergologic assessment and followup. The clinical severity was assessed by use of standardized scores. Patients were grouped by age: group 1 (70 children younger than 2 years), group 2 (93 children between 2 and 7 years), group 3 (23 children between 7 and 15 years), group 4 (65 children over 15 years and adults). All the patients were systematically screened for contact dermatitis and IgE mediated sensitization (inhallant and food allergens) with blood tests for IgE, prior to evaluation of clinical relevance. RESULTS: Aero-allergen sensitization was demonstrated in 51 p. 100 of children and 89 p. 100 of adults. It was present earlier in severe AD with main clinical involvement for nose and throat and respiratory symptoms. Clinical responsibility for dermatitis was documented in only 6 p. 100 of AD. Food allergy was early incriminated as flare factors in most of severe AD (96 p. 100 of children and 81 p. 100 of adults) with major and persistant improvement under eviction diet. Main allergens were eggs (46 p. 100), pea-nuts (29 p. 100), shellfish (24 p. 100), milk (20 p. 100), flour (14 p. 100), fish (14 p. 100), soybeans (8.9 p. 100). Food allergy to yeasts (7.2 p. 100) was important in adults. Food allergy is the earliest allergy in the course of severe AD and the number of involved trophallergens increases in older patients. Patch tests were positive in 40 p. 100 of patients (i. e. 31 p. 100 of children and 66 p. 100 of adults) with a greater incidence in moderate AD. Main allergens were metals (54 p. 100), fragrances (19 p. 100), balsam of Peru (10 p. 100), parabens (8 p. 100) and lanoline (4 p. 100). CONCLUSION: When AD is not efficiently controlled by dermocorticosteroids, allergologic screening and treatment of children and adults proves to be very interesting. Specific measures regarding food allergy and contact dermatitis reduce or vanish cutaneous flares. As for inhallant sensitizations, Dermatologists should be awared that they may play a role regarding assessment of sensitization and prevention of respiratory symptoms in moderate and severe AD since the risk of complications is important in both groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of disorders of general adaptation reactions in people who suffered as a consequence of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station and their correction by means of balneo- and phytotherapy].

Pathological general adaptive reactions of the body (GARs) were found out to occur on 33.8 +/- 5.0 of patients with chronic pathologies of the urinary and digestive organs, arriving at the Truskavets health resort from the areas contaminated with radionuclides, compared with 7.0 +/- 2.1% of diseased controls. Complex spa treatment during a period of two weeks involving ingestion of the mineral water "naftusia" has a beneficial effect on pathologic and premorbid GARs though not effectively so. Adaptogenic effect of balneotherapy is potentiated by use of balsam "Kryms'kyĭ" but not a home preparation ginseng.

Air Pollution, Radioactive↗

PubMed1996

Cross-reactions in patch testing and photopatch testing with ketoprofen, thiaprophenic acid, and cinnamic aldehyde.

In the last 7 years, we have studied 123 patients with allergic reactions to topical arylpropionic anti-inflammatory drugs. We have investigated the rate of sensitization and the irritant potential of one of them, ketoprofen, and its cross-reactivity with such other derivatives as ibuproxam, ibuprofen, naproxen, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, and thiaprofenic acid. Sensitization was single in most cases, and ketoprofen was the drug most often involved. The combination most frequently found was ketoprofen plus ibuproxam. The most frequent cross-reactions were to fragrance mix, especially cinnamic aldehyde and balsam of Peru, both contact and photocontact sensitizers. Because there is a ketonic group in the molecule of ketoprofen and cinnamic aldehyde and after conversion of thiaprofenic acid, this could be the trigger for this particular allergy and cross-reactivity.

Acrolein↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphological criteria of the species in cercaria of the genus Diplostomum (Trematoda: Diplostomidae) and methods for their study].

Taxonomy values of morphological features used for differential diagnostics of different taxa is considered for cercariae of the genus Diplostomum. It was shown that, as a rule, taxa criteria of superspecies ranks had a qualitative nature and were easily detected in live cercaria studies. In contrast, cercariae species diagnostics (CSD) is based exclusively on less significant, from a taxonomy point of view, quantitative features presenting absolute and relative body dimensions and that of cercariae organs as well as peculiarities of their cuticular armament. All this compels a taxonomist to use for CSD a whole range of diagnostic features of groups mentioned and increase their taxonomy values owing to standardization of cercariae collection, fixation and subsequent processing techniques, as well as broader application of variation-statistic methods of analysis that is possible only in cercariae studies through a use of permanent slices. A complex of methodical devices, which observance will ensure reliable CSD of the genus mentioned, is proposed. It encompasses cercariae collection and fixation as well as mounting of permanent balsame slides with preceding cercariae treatment with acetic-acid carmine (morphometric analysis), acid fuxine Sekki (cuticular armament staining) and silver nitrate (sensory apparatus detection). The reagents mentioned may form a real base for a creation of cercariae museum collections being not inferior in scientific value to existing trematode maritae and metacercariae stocks.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Evaluation of previously patch-tested patients referred to a contact dermatitis clinic.

BACKGROUND: One of the frustrations for clinicians who use patch testing is the patient in whom screening patch tests does not yield a relevant result that improves patient outcome. Is it allergic contact dermatitis? Was an allergen missed? Is the screening allergen relevant after all? OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to look at the subset of patients referred to a contact clinic who had previously undergone patch testing to seek answers to these questions for this population. METHOD: The charts of all 119 physician-referred patients seen in the contact clinic from February through August 1995 were reviewed. Information was gathered about the sites of dermatitis, previous patch testing results, current patch testing results (using the North American Contact Dermatitis Group series and supplemental allergens when indicated), and final diagnosis. RESULTS: Forty-three patients had previously undergone patch testing. Nineteen had been tested with the True Test and 24 with the screening series presumed to be Hermal. The sites of skin involvement were similar to the untested group (approximately 1/3 hands, 1/3 face/exposed sites, and 1/3 other). Eighteen pretested patients(42%) had been reported to have one or more positive patch tests, with the most frequently reported allergens, including neomycin (4), quaternium 15 (3), Balsam of Peru (3), fragrance (2), and formaldehyde (2). On repeat testing, 77% of the previous positives were again positive, and many were thought to be relevant. Nine of the 18 had additional allergens deemed relevant. Twenty-five pretested patients had been negative on initial patch testing. Eighteen of the 25 (72%) had positive allergens on repeat testing, and most were thought to be relevant. There were 17 reactions to screening allergens and 16 reactions to additional allergens or products. Variations noted with initial negative testing included use of systemic corticosteroids, patient self-removal of tests, and single 48-hour readings. Overall, 27 of 43 pretested patients (63%) were found to have relevant additional allergens with contact clinic evaluation. Screening allergens were underrecognized as being relevant by clinicians in practice. CONCLUSIONS: Patients suspected of having an allergic component to their dermatitis should be patch tested with the screening series of allergens. Interpretation of the relevance of the allergens and appropriate avoidance is a challenge. If screening allergen patch testing is negative or believed to be not relevant in a patient with persistent dermatitis, there may be a high yield on further patch test evaluation.

Dermatitis, Allergic Contact↗

PubMed1997

[Contact allergy for perfume ingredients in cosmetics and toilet articles].

Fragrance materials are not only present in products primarily used for their scent such as perfume, eau de toilette, deodorant and aftershave, but also in cosmetics, toiletries, household products and industrial materials. Of the general population, approximately one percent are allergic to fragrance materials, men nearly as frequent as women. Of patients consulting the dermatologist because of dermatitis, 6-11% have a positive patch test to the fragrance mix. Allergic contact dermatitis due to fragrances usually consists of erythema and desquamation, often localized in the neck, behind the ears, in the arm-pits or around the eyes. It can worsen pre-existing dermatoses such as hand eczema, atopic dermatitis, perianal dermatitis or vulvar dermatitis. The diagnosis of contact allergy to fragrances is made by epicutaneous tests with the European standard series (including some markers for fragrance sensitivity: the fragrance mix, balsam of Peru and colophony) and the patient's own contact materials. A positive patch test reaction must be followed by evaluation of its relevance. Advice to the patient is directed towards avoidance of fragranced products, if possible, and explanation of how use tests can identify fragranced products which can be used without ill effects.

Cosmetics↗

PubMed1976

[Hyperbaric treatment in the post-bronchitic emphysema].

Following some introductory mention of the physiology of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and some notes on the physiology of postbronchitic emphysema and its cardiac, hepatic, renal and neurological sequelae, a personal method of hyperbaric treatment is described. The results in the first 50 emphysematous patients submitted to this therapy are reported along with those of the examinations carried out to evaluate respiratory function, and changes in haematosis, and cardiac, hepatic, neurological and renal function. It is concluded that hyperbaric treatment of postbronchitic emphysema should be considered of choice for quick, effective resolution of alterations in haematosis and the organic sequelae deriving from respiratory insufficiency. In association with other therapy (antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and balsamic drugs) it is also capable of stopping or usefully delaying the disease's development.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1998

Patch testing reactions to a standard series in 608 patients tested from 1990 to 1997 at Massachusetts General Hospital.

BACKGROUND: Patch testing is a useful diagnostic tool when allergic contact dermatitis is suspected clinically. OBJECTIVE: This study describes the results of patch testing performed from January 1, 1990 to June 1, 1997 at the Massachusetts General Hospital Contact Dermatitis Clinic. The findings are compared with those previously reported by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG). METHODS: Data were collected from chart review and analyzed. Patients included in the study underwent patch testing to the full European standard series of allergens. A standardized patch testing technique was used, and readings were performed by a single observer. RESULTS: A total of 608 patients were patch tested to a screening tray of 24 allergens; 69.9% were women. At least one positive patch test reaction was observed in 60.0% of patients. The most common sensitizers were nickel sulfate, fragrance mix, potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride, balsam of Peru, quaternium-15, and neomycin sulfate. The sensitization rate to potassium dichromate (9.4%) was higher than has been reported by the NACDG. A statistically significant difference in the sensitization rate in men and women was observed for nickel, quinoline mix, epoxy resin, and formaldehyde. The prevalence of positive patch test reactions was not found to be influenced by testing during the summer months. CONCLUSIONS: In the authors' opinion, the prevalence of contact sensitization is generally comparable with the findings of the NACDG, with the exception of reactions to potassium dichromate. This difference in results probably reflects, in part, differences in methodology. The test concentration of potassium dichromate was 0.5%, commonly used in Europe, instead of the 0.25% concentration used by the NACDG. Further investigation is necessary to determine the optimal testing concentration of potassium dichromate.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

A retrospective epidemiology study of contact eczema among the elderly attending a tertiary dermatology referral centre in Singapore.

AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the epidemiology of contact eczema in the elderly patients attending a skin clinic in Singapore. METHODOLOGY: This is a retrospective study on patients attending our skin clinic at the National Skin Centre. All patients older than 49 years old attending our Contact and Occupational Dermatoses Clinic between 1990 and 1993 were included in the study. The prevalence of contact eczema among different age groups (50-59 years, 60-69 years, and 70-79 years) were compared. Diagnosis of contact dermatitis was based on the clinical history, physical examination and relevant patch test reactions. Demographic data of the patients were collected and analysed. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Two hundred and one patients who were older than 49 years old, were included in the study. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of personal history of atopy among the 3 age groups. There was no significant difference in the racial distribution of the 3 age groups. The proportion of patients who were occupationally active decreased with age (50% vs 23% vs 0% respectively). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with positive patch test reactions in the 3 age groups although the proportion appears to increase with age (68% vs 75% vs 75% respectively). Similarly, the proportion of patients with allergic contact dermatitis was slightly higher in the older age group although the difference was not statistically significant among the 3 age groups (32% vs 45% vs 39% respectively). The face (54%) and hands (31%) were the commonest sites of eczema in the younger age group (50-59 years age group) whereas the lower limbs (41%) and the upper limbs (33.3%) were the commonest sites of eczema in the older patients (70-79 years age group). Nickel allergy was significantly more common in the younger age group (23% vs 17% vs 14% respectively). Medicament allergy (clioquinol-mix) and medicament related allergens e.g. balsam of Peru and fragrance-mix and para-phenylenediamine were slightly more prevalent in the older patients. CONCLUSIONS: The findings appear to indicate that the prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis is higher in older patients and that contact dermatitis tends to occur on the extremities in older patients than younger patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1958