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PubMed1995

The Greek medical texts and the sexual ethos of ancient Athens.

After at least a century of institutionalized pederasty Athenian society developed legal and moral sanctions against this practice at the end of the fifth century BC as the indirect result of the introduction of medicine. Viewing the sex drive as a bodily need, analogous to hunger and thirst, it cast a disparaging light on the role played by the passive partner. It is here argued that the principal catalyst of the transformation of biology into prescriptive ethics was Democritus of Abdera, whose preoccupation with medicine is known. Democritus probably influenced Aristotle, who articulated the harshest condemnation of pederasty found in Greek texts.

Female↗
PubMed1995

[Athens and Mycenea. On the integration of classical and recent psychoanalytic theory].

The relation between zeitgeist and psychoanalytic theory formation can be illustrated with reference to the transition from neurosis to psychosis. The author regards Freud as an oedipal thinker in two respects, first as the psychologist who "discovered" the father complex, and secondly as a scholar in the positivist tradition of the nineteenth century with its claims to be able to distinguish clearly between subject and object, hallucination and perception. The pre-oedipal, narcissistic disturbances described and discussed since the beginning of the First World War allow the conclusion that this period saw the onset of a zeitgeist increasingly prepared to countenance archaic dimensions of the psyche and an intermingling of subject and object. In the author's view, the difficulty of reconciling classical and post-classical psychoanalytic theory lies in the fact that this involves completely re-thinking our ideas on the bourgeois individual and challenging the concepts we have of such things as objectivity, normality, autonomy and individuation.

Freudian Theory↗