Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Asphyxia”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

The prognostic value of serial EEG recordings following acute neonatal asphyxia in full-term infants.

Perinatal asphyxia is one of the major causes of non-progressive neurological deficits seen in children. It is reported that currently no set of parameters allowing for accurate prediction of prognosis following severe perinatal asphyxia is available. Even electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings, which are known to give a fairly good prediction of long-term outcome, have their flaws. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the additional value of serial EEGs in full-term infants. In all, 36 infants were enrolled. All met strict entrance criteria, received standard treatment and underwent two EEGs according to a pre-set protocol: the first between 12 and 36 hours post-partum, the second between 7 and 9 days post-partum. It is clearly demonstrated that serial EEG recordings do enhance the prognostic value of the EEG. Moreover, distinct progression seen in serial EEGs is highly prognostic for a normal outcome and has even more prognostic value than one single severely abnormal EEG. A better indication of future outcome is obtained from serial EEGs.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed2000

Does asphyxia cause cerebral palsy?

The incidence of cerebral palsy is 1 per 1,000, whereas the proportion caused by perinatal asphyxia is only 8% to 10%. The purpose of this article is to review the relationship between asphyxia and cerebral palsy. Only a minority of cases, those involving severe pathological fetal academia, are consistently associated with neonatal encephalopathy and an increased risk of cerebral palsy.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗
PubMed1977

Infantile spinal muscular atrophy (morbus Werdnig-Hoffmann) causing neonatal asphyxia.

A case of infantile spinal muscular atrophy (Werdnig-Hoffmann's disease) with complete proximal pareses obvious at birth giving rise to neonatal asphyxia is reported. Reduction of fetal movements was noted from the 32nd week of pregnancy. The infant was extremely floppy at birth and spontaneous movements were restricted to hands, feet and face. Fibrillations of the tongue, diaphragmatic hemiparesis and dysphagia were observed. Unassisted ventilation was not compatible with survival and the infant succumbed to the disease in the neonatal period. Muscle biopsy and autopsy confirmed the clinical diagnosis. Infantile spinal muscular atrophy causing neonatal asphyxia seems to be unusual and not earlier described. Constant muscular hypotonus in an asphyctic newborn should raise suspicion of a neuromuscular disorder.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed2002

Serial protein S-100 serum levels in preterm babies with perinatal asphyxia and periventricular white matter lesions.

In the last years new diagnostic technologies were developed to assess brain development and to identify early brain injury. Some of them are very attractive methods but invasive, expensive, and time-consuming. The availability of clinically useful serum markers of risk for perinatal brain damage will easily permit the development of rational strategies for prevention of cerebral insults in neonates and more accurate prognostic counseling. In this study, protein S-100 (PS-100), a cytosolic constituent of neuroglial cells, was measured serially, during the neonatal period, in a group of preterm infants suffering perinatal asphyxia. Protein S-100 was measured at 1, 7, and 21 days of life by radioimmunoassay. Cerebral ultrasound confirmed cerebral white matter insult. The results of this study show significantly higher protein S-100 serum levels in asphyxiated preterm babies with periventricular white matter lesions, with a peak at 24 hours of life (5.7 +/- 2.9 microg/L) compared with healthy preterm babies (0.6 +/- 0.3 microg/L) ( p <0.05) and progressively lower values at seven (3.3 +/- 2.4 microg/L) and 21 days (2.2 +/- 1.3 microg/L) of life ( p <0.05). These data suggest that elevated protein S-100 serum levels can be considered an indicator of regional brain damage in preterm infants, allowing noninvasive, superior scrutiny of perinatal asphyxia and potential early preventive strategies.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Prevalence of prematurity, low birthweight, and asphyxia as perinatal risk factors in a current population of children with cerebral palsy.

To test the hypothesis that increasing survival of infants at highest risk for long-term neurological sequelae has strengthened the associations between perinatal events and subsequent cerebral palsy (CP), we compared the prevalence rates for prematurity, low birthweight, congenital malformations, and perinatal asphyxia from a current population of children with CP with those reported nearly 30 years ago by the National Collaborative Perinatal Project (NCPP, 1959-1966) of the National Institute of Neurologic and Communicative Disorders and Stroke. Although we saw no differences in the proportion of children who were born prematurely, we did find a significant shift in the birthweight and gestational age distribution, with a nearly threefold greater prevalence of births less than 1501 g in our population (31.1% and 95% confidence interval [CI] of 20.6 to 41.7% vs 9.1% and 95% CI of 5.0 to 13.2%). Nearly half (43.5%) of these very low birthweight infants had evidence of brain injury (intraventricular hemorrhage), a diagnosis not commonly recognized in the NCPP. On the other hand, birth asphyxia and congenital malformations occurred no more frequently in our population than that reported earlier. Furthermore, the majority (60%) of full-term infants who develop CP continue to be the products of normal pregnancies and have no perinatal events that may have caused their neurological impairment. The increasing prevalence of births less than 1501 g among children with CP may well reflect the improving survival of very small infants over the last 30 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1981

[The pathophysiology in treatment of asphyxia of the newborn (author's transl)].

The pathophysiologic adaption mechanisms following perinatal asphyxia are a shock reaction with an integrated cardio-vascular reaction. For resuscitation of the newborn the therapeutic principle of ventilation with infusion resulting in perfusion is emphasized. The importance of sodium bicarbonate buffer treatment in primary resuscitation is discussed and the reasons for the limitation of their indication is explained by theoretical discussions and clinical findings. In closing the secondary (cerebral) resuscitation according to the multi-system reaction concept following perinatal asphyxia is discussed. This serves the treatment of functional changes in other subsystems especially the brain.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1994

Cognitive impairments at two years of age after prenatal alcohol exposure or perinatal asphyxia.

The purpose of this follow-up study was to assess and describe early cognitive impairments in two-year-old children exposed to alcohol (1) until the second trimester (n = 20), (2) until the third trimester (n = 20), (3) throughout pregnancy (n = 20), (4) children to mothers with preeclampsia (n = 37), (5) children surviving acute birth asphyxia (n = 14), and (6) a normal control group (n = 48). Alcohol exposure throughout pregnancy was found to be associated with impairments in language (mean SD score = -1.3) and visuo-motor development (mean SD score = -2.0). Preeclampsia was related to impairment in visuo-motor development (mean SD score = -1.2) and attention (mean SD score = -0.7). Alcohol exposure until the third trimester was associated with attention deficit alone (mean SD score = -0.9). Alcohol exposure until the second trimester and acute birth asphyxia were not associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. The study also showed that neuropsychological test profiles of language, visuo-motor functions and attention may be obtained with the aid of an adapted version of the Bayley Mental Scale and an evaluation of attention.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Prognostic value of early MR imaging in term infants with severe perinatal asphyxia.

The prognostic significance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the neonatal period was studied prospectively in 43 term infants with perinatal asphyxia. MRI was performed between 1 and 14 days after birth with a high field system (2.35 Tesla). Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed by a standardized neurological examination and the Griffiths developmental test at a mean age of 18.9 months. The predictive value of the various MRI patterns was as follows: Severe diffuse brain injury (pattern AII+III; n = 7) and lesions of thalamus and basal ganglia (pattern C; n = 5) were strongly associated with poor outcome and greatly reduced head growth. Mild diffuse brain injury (pattern AI; n = 7), parasagittal lesions (B; n = 7), periventricular hyperintensity (D; n = 2), focal brain necrosis and hemorrhage (E; n = 3) and periventricular hypointense stripes (on T2-weighted images; F; n = 3) led in one third of the infants to minor neurological disturbances and mild developmental delay. Infants with normal MRI findings (G; n = 9) developed normally with the exception of one infant who was mildly delayed at 18 months. The results indicate that MRI examination during the first two weeks of life is of prognostic significance in term infants suffering from perinatal asphyxia. Severe hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions were associated highly significantly with poor neuro-developmental outcome, whereas infants with inconspicuous MRI developed normally.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1988

Low Apgar scores and birth asphyxia. Misconceptions that promote undeserved negligence suits.

The temptation to specify cause-and-effect relationships in cases of neurologic handicap has created a number of misconceptions that have stimulated irresponsible malpractice litigation focusing on childbirth. Paradoxically, the number of such lawsuits is on the increase, even though obstetric and neonatal care has improved dramatically since Virginia Apgar introduced her scoring system in 1953. Nowadays, no evidence of intrapartum hypoxia is found in the majority of newborns who require resuscitation. Consequently, the value of using the Apgar score as an index for assessing asphyxia should be vigorously questioned. It should also be stressed that asphyxial damage may occur without respiratory depression. The recent proliferation of articles linking fetal scalp or cord blood evidence of metabolic acidosis to birth asphyxia threatens to create another legal booby trap. Although the development of fetal metabolic acidosis reflects oxygen deprivation, this fact should not be misconstrued to mean that any degree of oxygen deprivation can damage the brain. Available data make it quite clear that the fetus can sustain transient episodes of hypoxemia without ill effects. In those neonates born with low Apgar scores, cord blood gases should be measured to exclude hypoxemia. Securing such data can protect practitioners from subsequent legal inquiry. Routine determination of cord blood gases is not recommended, however, because a substantial number of newborns who are born acidotic have normal Apgar scores.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Apgar Score↗
PubMed2001

Neuropsychological long-term sequelae of perinatal asphyxia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term neuropsychological consequences of perinatal asphyxia (PA). METHODS: A group of adolescents were assessed with antecedents of mild (n = 8) and moderate (n = 20) PA, and a matched group of 28 healthy adolescents as a control group. Neuropsychological assessment included tests of memory, perceptual-motor skills, and frontal lobe functions, because these are areas of cognitive functioning susceptible to hypoxic conditions. RESULTS: Subjects with moderate PA showed significant differences from the control group on tests related to delayed recall for both verbal and visual information, perceptual-motor speed, and tests assessing attention and executive functions. Conversely, subjects in the mild PA group exhibited scores which were similar to those of the control group in all the assessed variables. CONCLUSION: The present findings demonstrate that subtle but persistent neuropsychological deficits were observed in adolescents with antecedents of moderate PA, but not in those classified with mild asphyxia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Term infant asphyxia in Kuwait.

In the developing nation of Kuwait, we undertook a case-control study of 43 consecutively born, asphyxiated, term infants. The asphyxia incidence of 9.4/1000 was only slightly higher than that in more developed countries. Severe morbidity occurred in 1.1/1000, and mortality in 1.1/1000. We found significant associations between asphyxia and primiparity, maternal hypertension, consanguinity, increased length of labour, and instrumental deliveries. Maternal age, socio-economic class, maternal illnesses other than diabetes, and breech delivery did not seem to play a role. The fact that the chosen method of delivery failed for a number of the asphyxiated patients, necessitating emergency Caesarian section, suggests that obstetric factors may need closer analysis.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1983

A male with autoerotic asphyxia syndrome.

Approximately 250 deaths per year in the United States are attributed to the dangerous sexual paraphilia of autoerotic asphyxia. There are few studies of live practitioners of this practice which includes the act of self-asphyxiation, usually by hanging, while masturbating. Common features of the syndrome is the adoption of the role of a female transvestite, the use of pornographic material, the special kind of location for the hanging ritual, and the dynamics arising out of having a dominant mother and physically ill father. With adolescent males the ritual tends to be solitary, while in adults the tendency is to move into a homosexual couple practice that has sadomasochistic features. The source of such a practice is an enigma to researchers in spite of the long-known history of its occurrence. Few practioners have been studied while alive, and most practitioners have been studied by psychological autopsy. The authors report the history of a 24-year-old male, with a 10-year practice of autoerotic asphyxia who was first seen for a conversion reaction which affected his ability to walk. His symptoms began soon after a vigorous and repetitive engagement in his hanging ritual which left him very light-headed and weak-kneed. He believed he had caused himself permanent physical damage and he sought professional assistance at that time.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Death scene gas analysis in suspected methane asphyxia.

Two cases of methane asphyxia occurring in two boys (age 11 and 12 years) who were found at the bottom of a 37-ft (11.1-m)-deep sewer shaft are described. Attempted resuscitation of the first patient was unsuccessful and achieved only temporary stabilization of the second, who died 48 h after his discovery. Autopsies revealed relatively minor multifocal traumatic injuries, with evidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the patient who survived for 2 days. Subsequent analysis of gas in the shaft revealed 21% oxygen at the surface, 14.3% at a depth of 5 ft (1.5 m), and only 4.8% at depths of 10 ft (3 m) and below. Other gases detected at the lower levels were methane, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide (4.3%). These cases demonstrate the value of atmospheric gas analysis in cases of possible methane asphyxia in confirming the presence of methane and in demonstrating levels of oxygen below that necessary to support life.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1992

Positional asphyxia during law enforcement transport.

Three cases of positional asphyxia are described that occurred while victims were in a prone position in rear compartments of police patrol cars. These deaths are attributed to positional asphyxia. Autopsy findings and specific scene and circumstantial correlations of the investigation are discussed with emphasis placed on the limitations of interpretation of the anatomic changes at autopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Two cases of accidental asphyxia by neck compression between bed bars.

Two cases of asphyxia due to compression of the neck between the side bars of a bed in elderly subjects affected by neuropsychiatric pathologies are presented. In both cases no lesions were found on the skin or in the anatomic structures of the neck. The absence of lesions made determining the cause of death difficult. Generic evidence of asphyxia (acute pulmonary emphysema and petechiae) allowed a diagnosis to be formulated. The discovery of the object that caused the death was possible only with information regarding the circumstances and inspection of the scenes of the deaths.

Accidents↗
PubMed2001

Morphologic determinants of asphyxia in lungs: a semiquantitative study in forensic autopsies.

Asphyxia is a name given to different kinds of lesions that can produce similar histologic findings. Thus, because of the varied nature of the different kinds of lesions, as well as the incidence of similar qualitative histologic findings with different causes, the aim of this work was to study special kinds of injuries with particular subsequent impairment. These include some diagnostic problems of sudden death of natural causes, including aspiration, suffocation, drowning, and strangulation. Ranking was made of 167 victims based on the diagnosis as having: aspiration (n = 35), suffocation (n = 88), drowning (n = 27), and strangulation (n = 17). Stepwise discriminant analysis of the resulting data showed that lung necropsies from victims of these four events could be distinguished from one another. Statistical differences among the four groups were observed for eight morphologic parameters. A robust discriminant function permitted an adequate classification of the four groups of disease in 85.03% of the cases. Lung autopsies with congestion, septal hemorrhage, and foreign body showed a specificity of 100% for victims of aspiration, whereas ductal overinsufflation, interstitial edema, and bronchiolar constriction showed a specificity of 81.8% in victims of suffocation. Intraalveolar edema and dilatation of the alveolar spaces with secondary compression of the septal capillaries characterized drowning. Victims of strangulation showed a strong alveolar hemorrhage, with alveolar collapse and overinsufflation, associated with bronchiolar dilatation. It is concluded that semiquantitative analysis of lung autopsies might be a useful supplementary histologic criterion to support the diagnosis of asphyxia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Atrial fibrillation in rats induced by rapid transesophageal atrial pacing during brief episodes of asphyxia: a new in vivo model.

Non-pharmacological in vivo models of atrial fibrillation (AF) have been developed in large animals only. We aimed to develop and characterize a new small animal non-pharmacological in vivo model of AF. AF was induced by transesophageal atrial burst pacing during 35 seconds periods of asphyxia in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. AF was reproducibly induced in 81% of the rats. The presence of AF was associated with an increased heart rate, and a decreased blood pressure. Treatment with amiodarone, D,L-sotalol, flecainide, and propranolol all reduced duration of AF, whereas verapamil treatment was associated with a marked profibrillatory effect. Increasing gap junction intracellular communication using the antiarrhythmic peptide analogue AAP10 did not affect AF duration. Basal plasma level of epinephrine and norepinephrine were increased 5- to 20-fold relative to values reported by others, but unchanged following 35 seconds of asphyxia. The results from our study demonstrate that the rat model shares several clinical key characteristics with human AF: (1) hemodynamic response to AF; (2) increased autonomic tone; (3) antiarrhythmic effects of clinically used drugs; (4) profibrillatory effect of verapamil. Relative to existing models of AF in larger animals, this model offers rapid, predictive, and inexpensive testing of antiarrhythmic/profibrillatory effects of new drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Neurologic consequences of traumatic asphyxia.

Patients with traumatic asphyxia treated at a single institution during a 10-year period were studied to determine the incidence and sequelae of neurologic impairment associated with this entity. Traumatic asphyxia was identified in 14 patients from 4 to 73 years old. Each had sustained thoracic crush injuries from objects weighing more than 1,000 pounds. The mechanism of injury was crush by farm implement in six patients, entrapment beneath a vehicle in five, compression by a large hay bale in one, crush by a farm animal in one, and a ditch cave-in in one. Craniocervical cyanosis and subconjunctival hemorrhage were apparent in all patients. Associated chest wall and intrathoracic injuries were present in 11 (79%) patients. Neurologic abnormalities included loss of consciousness in eight patients, prolonged confusion in five, seizures in two, and pronounced visual disturbances in two. There were no deaths in this series and no long-term neurologic sequelae were evident. However, careful serial neurologic assessment should be performed in these patients and other causes of neurologic symptoms excluded.

Adolescent↗