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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Comparison of alveolar bone loss, alveolar bone density and second metacarpal bone density, salivary and gingival crevicular fluid interleukin-6 concentrations in healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal women on estrogen therapy.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is an age-related metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased mass and increased susceptibility to fracture. The literature suggests a relationship between oral bone loss and skeletal osteoporosis; however, most studies have produced conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists among alveolar bone loss, alveolar bone density, second metacarpal density, salivary and gingival crevicular fluid interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-8 concentrations in premenopausal and postmenopausal healthy women receiving estrogen therapy. METHODS: Twenty-eight healthy women (aged 23-78) were evaluated for this study. A vertical bitewing and hand radiographs were taken, and the subjects were evaluated for the presence of active periodontitis. The bitewing and hand radiographs were digitized, and measurements were made from the cemento-enamel junction to the alveolar crest from both arches. Bone density was evaluated in the maxillary and mandibular alveolar process and at the mid-shaft of the second metacarpal. Percent cortical area and the moment of inertia measurements were also determined. Stimulated whole saliva was collected for a 5-min period using a cube of paraffin as a stimulant and was analyzed for total protein by a colorimetric reaction and IL-6 and IL-8 by ELISA. RESULTS: The results of the study showed that postmenopausal women on estrogen therapy had more alveolar bone loss, more missing teeth, and reduced alveolar and second metacarpal bone density than premenopausal women. In addition, postmenopausal women on estrogen therapy had higher salivary IL-6 concentrations than premenopausal women. Alveolar bone densities were also strongly correlated to second metacarpal densities. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study suggest that changes in alveolar bone density and levels of bone resorptive cytokines in saliva may be secondary to changes in menopausal status. These changes may predispose loss of alveolar bone with resultant loss of teeth.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Morphologic characteristics of the dentition and palate in cases of skeletal asymmetry.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the three-dimensional morphological characteristics of the dentition and palate in skeletal asymmetry in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion using a newly defined palatal reference plane in a dental cast. Twenty patients (5 males and 15 females) who had skeletal Class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry were selected. Pretreatment posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs and maxillary dental casts were used. The lateral deviation of Me was measured as the distance from a line perpendicular to Lo-Lo' that passed through CG. The angle between the Lo-Lo' plane and the J-J' plane was measured. Each maxillary dental cast was measured using a three-dimensional surface-scanning system, and the newly defined palatal reference plane was calculated. The right/left difference in the radius of curvature of the palate and right/left differences in the vertical and mesiodistal positions of the first molars were analyzed. Linear correlation and regression techniques were used. Our findings demonstrate that the lateral deviation of the mandible is closely related to the morphology of the alveolar process and to the vertical height of the dentition. In this study, the three-dimensional application of a new palatal reference plane is very useful in morphological research, and the results provide detailed information on the characteristics of facial asymmetry.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Marginal alveolar bone loss in flying personnel: a radiographical followup study.

In a 10-year followup study, the alveolar marginal bone of the mandible in flying personnel has been examined on radiographs. The radiographs were obtained at 5-year intervals. The reduced height of the marginal alveolar bone was measured according to an internationally accepted standard procedure and compared with figures obtained from radiographs made 10 years earlier. Compared with similar material concerning subjects not occupationally involved in flying, this study shows that flying personnel suffer considerable alveolar, marginal bone loss. High-altitude flying, reduced partial oxygen pressure, stress, and vibrations are being discussed as suspected causes. An interesting and disturbing point is that the alveolar process usually is the first bone that reveals a generally decreased bone calcification. Further studies of the skeletal bone and the serum concentration of calcium are in progress. Subjects for these studies are flying personnel (jet, propeller, and helicopter) from the Swedish Air Force.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed2000

Effects of chlorpromazine on alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontal disease in rats.

Chlorpromazine (CPZ), a phenothiazine derivative, possesses anti-inflammatory properties, inhibition of tumor neurosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) synthesis and bone resorption. TNF-alpha promotes inflammatory changes and bone resorption in periodontitis. We have studied the effect of CPZ in experimental periodontitis. Wistar rats were subjected to a ligature placement around the cervix of the right second upper molars. Alveolar bone loss was evaluated by the sum of the distances between the cusp tip and the alveolar bone along the axis of each molar root, which was subtracted from the contralateral side. Histopathological analysis of the periodontium was based on cell influx, osteoclast number, and alveolar bone and cementum integrity. Animals were weighed daily and total and differential peripheral white blood cell counts were performed 6 h and 1, 7 and 11 d after periodontitis induction. Groups were treated with CPZ 1 h before and daily up to the 11th d of periodontitis. Alveolar bone loss was inhibited 46%, 55.4%, and 76.5% by CPZ at 1, 3 and 9 mg/kg, respectively. Histological analysis showed a significant reduction of cell influx and osteoclast number, as well as preservation of the alveolar process and cementum. CPZ reversed leukocytosis but not weight loss. In conclusion, CPZ reduces bone loss in experimental periodontitis, probably via TNF-alpha blockade.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1995

The use of implants for orthodontic correction of an open bite.

This case illustrates the integration of maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, prosthodontics and periodontics in the treatment of an adult male. A traumatic injury to the lower jaw was the stimulus for the patient to seek orthodontic correction of a severe malocclusion including crossbites and an anterior open bite. The loss of a large portion of the anterior alveolar process of the lower jaw including six teeth was corrected with an implant bearing prosthesis which was subsequently used as anchorage to correct the malocclusion. Through the combined efforts of the above disciplines, properly orchestrated, this patient was treated in an effective and successful manner.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Morphological data on gerontostomatology].

On the base of the study of serial histological sections, freezed-sections and special bone-praeparates senile alterations of the structure of the palatine mucosa and the mandibular bones are discussed, with special regard on the gerontostomatological aspects. After the loss of the teeth the structure of the connective tissue of the gingiva diappears, in the processus alveolaris develops fibrosis. The glandular tissue of individual extension on the edges shows regression. Thickening of the epithelium in some area can be seen. The lamina propria in the anterior third is very thick in the pharyngeal part becomes thinner. Alveolar processes of the maxilla show signs of involution and atrophy of disuse, with a number of defects and assymetries on the palate. On the macrorelief of the mandibula characteristic changes can be observed: in the region of the corpus eburneationg and osteosclerosis of the spongiosa can be revealed.

Aging↗
PubMed1997

Development, maturation, and aging of the alveolar bone. New insights.

Osteoblasts and bone tissue of the mandibular and maxillary alveolar processes substantially differ from osteoblasts and bone in other parts of the skeleton. These differences are apparent during embryonic development, maturation, and aging of these bones. The cellular and molecular basis for these differences is still not clear, but it is unfolding at record speed.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

[Diagnostic considerations apropos of a case of keratoacanthoma in a child].

A seven year old child presented with a keratoacanthoma, sometimes defined as a primary idiopathic pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, on the mandibular alveolar process. The lesion showed typical proliferation of a tumoral nature, clinical manifestations and microscopic findings being those of a spindle cell carcinoma and easily mistaken for the latter. The solitary oral form of the tumor is a rare benign affection that does not recur after extirpation. A literature review identified only four similar cases.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1993

Oral paracoccidioidomycosis. A study of 36 South American patients.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis) is an uncommon, progressive systemic mycosis, virtually only seen in persons who have visited Latin America. Reports of oral lesions are extremely rare in the English-language literature. Thirty-six adults with oral lesions as the first sign of paracoccidioidomycosis are described; this appears to be the largest series in the dental literature. All had chronic proliferative mulberry-like ulcerated oral lesions; the diagnosis was confirmed histologically. The gingiva or alveolar process was the typical site, but lesions were also seen particularly on the palate and lip. Most of the patients proved to have detectable pulmonary involvement. Patients with lesions in the oropharynx, tongue, or floor of mouth all had confirmed pulmonary lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

An anatomical study of the columella and the protruding premaxillae in a bilateral cleft lip and palate infant.

An anatomical reconstruction of the protruded premaxillary segment of an infant with bilateral cleft of the primary palate was made from serial histological sections and described in comparison with reconstruction columella, alar cartilages, nasal septum, and premaxillae of a neonatal control specimen. Most of the bilateral cleft abnormality was seen in the premaxillary bones which were advanced on the nasal septum and whose alveolar process protuded anteriorly into the columellar area. The medial crura of the alar cartilages and the nasal septum in the cleft specimen showed an essentially normal structure. Underdevelopment of the columbella was considered as primarily failure in the development of columellar skin caused by the invasive obstruction by the premaxillary bones.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in mandibular ridge height in relation to aging and length of edentulism period.

This study investigated the mandibular height reduction in relationship to aging and the length of edentulism period. Data were collected from 120 edentulous male subjects (complete denture wearers) who were divided into two resorptive age groups. The edentulism period of the subjects was classified as 1 to 5, 5 to 10, and over 10 years. Ridge resorption was estimated on the panoramic radiograph by estimating the original height of the alveolar process as being three times the distance from the inferior border of the mandible to the inferior edge of the mental foramen. According to statistical analysis, the amount of mandibular height reduction increased in the older age group. The mandibular resorption rate was greatest in the earlier stages of edentulism and slowed with longevity of edentulism.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

Dentoalveolar growth inhibition induced by bone denudation on palates: a study of two isolated cleft palates with asymmetric scar tissue distribution.

OBJECTIVE: This report presents two cases of isolated cleft palate with asymmetric distribution of postsurgical scar tissue determined by laser Doppler flowmetry. To determine the effect of mucoperiosteal denudation of the bone on maxillary alveolar growth, the analysis of dentoalveolar structures compared the affected side to the unaffected side of each case. METHOD: Two Japanese girls with isolated cleft palates were examined. Both subjects had undergone pushback operations (a modified version of the procedure of Wardill) for palatal repair at 18 months of age. Palatal blood flow was examined by laser Doppler flowmetry when the girls were 12 years old to determine the extent of postsurgical scar tissue over the denuded bone. To analyze the maxillary dentoalveolar structures three dimensionally, the whole surface of the upper dental cast was measured and recorded by an optical measuring device when the girls were 7 years old. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Analysis via flowmetry showed that the palatal scar tissue area was limited to the anterior tooth region on the right (unaffected) side but extended posteriorly to the premolar region on the left (affected) side in both subjects. The two girls had similar dentoalveolar structures, with the dental and alveolar arches deflected lingually at the deciduous molar area on the affected side. There were no differences in the buccolingual inclination of deciduous molars or in the vertical growth of the alveolar processes between the affected and unaffected sides. In both girls, bone denudation in the premolar region appeared to result in less than 3 mm of displacement of the teeth palatally, with no change in lingual inclination. Any effects of scar tissue on the vertical development of the alveolus were not substantiated.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1999

[Immediate repair of labial bone defects].

In this paper some surgical techniques are described to prevent or restore the characteristic and esthetically disturbing resorption defect in the anterior alveolar process as a result of tooth loss. One-stage approaches are described. Submucosal implants are used in combination with conventional fixed prosthodontics. If a single tooth replacement by means of an implant is aimed at, the split-crest technique may be a valuable alternative for an autologous bone graft or guided bone regeneration procedure.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed2002

Paediatric maxillofacial fractures: their aetiological characters and fracture patterns.

OBJECTIVE: Paediatric maxillofacial fractures are not common and carry different clinical features when compared with adults. To clarify the differences of aetiology and patterns of fractures in paediatric patients, a clinical retrospective analysis was performed. PATIENTS: One hundred seventy-four paediatric patients younger than 16 years of age treated in the First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Dental Hospital during a 15-year period were analysed. STUDY DESIGN: Age, sex, fracture patterns, incidence, common locations of the mandibular fractures and treatment were studied according to the patients' charts and radiographs. RESULTS: The ratio of boys to girls was 2:1 and the largest age subgroup was 15-years old. The most common cause of injury was bicycle accidents (26%), followed by falls (25%). The distribution of causes and ages revealed that the incidence of the fall-related injuries decreased in patients older than 10 years, and assaults became a common cause in patients older than 12 years. The yearly distribution showed a decrease of the group between 6 and 10 years and of bicycle-related accidents in the last 5-year period (1992-1996). Mandibular fractures were most common (56%), followed by fractures of the alveolar process (31%). Condylar fracture was common in children younger than 14 years, especially in those below 6 years. Fractures of the mandibular angle were the most common in those above 13 years. CONCLUSION: These results document that the aetiological characters and patterns of paediatric maxillofacial fractures gradually shifted towards those found in adolescents.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1997

[Surgical correction of the intermaxillary relation for placement of implants].

The loss of teeth is associated with alveolar bone resorption. Severe resorption of the maxillary alveolar process may cause persistent instability and loss of retention of the upper denture. Large intermaxillary discrepancies may complicate the treatment with implants to retain maxillary overdentures. Reconstructive surgical treatment methods that create sufficient bone volume for the placement of implants and at the same time normalize intermaxillary relationships, provide the basis for adequate oral rehabilitation.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed2003

Bone healing and soft tissue contour changes following single-tooth extraction: a clinical and radiographic 12-month prospective study.

Preservation of alveolar bone volume following tooth extraction facilitates subsequent placement of dental implants and leads to an improved esthetic and functional prosthodontic result. The aim of the present study was to assess bone formation in the alveolus and the contour changes of the alveolar process following tooth extraction. The tissue changes after removal of a premolar or molar in 46 patients were evaluated in a 12-month period by means of measurements on study casts, linear radiographic analyses, and subtraction radiography. The results demonstrated that major changes of an extraction site occurred during 1 year after tooth extraction.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Conservative or radical treatment of keratocysts: a retrospective review.

The paper reports our experience in the treatment of keratocysts and make recommendations for treatment in the form of a retrospective study. Thirty-eight patients with 52 keratocysts out of a total of 318 patients with 351 odontogenic cysts who presented between 1984 and 1992 were analysed. Outcome was measured by recurrence and there were three recurrences (6%) which compares favourably with published reports in which figures of up to 62% have been quoted. Based on the experience of others as well as our own series we recommend that small cysts near the alveolar process should be treated by simple excision, but large invasive cysts near the base of the skull should be treated by radical resection leaving a margin of normal tissue around the specimen. If any variables are discovered that can reliably indicate prognosis we may be able to revise these recommendations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Effects of buccal shields on the maxillary dentoalveolar structures and the midpalatal suture--histologic and biometric studies in rabbits.

The mechanism of the buccal shields with regard to regulating the transversal relationship of the maxillary dental arch is uncertain. The periosteal pull theory, growth at the midpalatal suture and changes in equilibrium have all been proposed as explanatory factors. The aim of the study was to investigate the transversal development of the dental arch and the osseous remodeling at the lateral surfaces of the maxillary alveolar process and in the midpalatal suture after stretching the bucca (cheek) with buccal shields in the vestibulum. Ten New Zealand white male rabbits 12 weeks old were used. The animals were divided into two groups (control and experimental). Initial and final impression had been taken from the two groups and plaster models were made using biometric analysis in all animals of each group. Transversal measurements were taken of the distances between the maxillary right and left teeth. Tetracycline hydrochloride and Alizarin complexone were used to label the mineralizing tissues. After the animals had been killed, the biopsies from the midpalatal suture, the alveolar wall, and the periosteum were studied under a microscope. The results from the biometric analysis showed maxillary dental arch expansion in the two groups that was significantly larger in the experimental group. Microscopically, the growth at the midpalatal suture was also significantly larger in the experimental group, while no significant differences were found at the maxillary alveolar bone in the two groups. The conclusions drawn from this study are that the vestibular buccal shields bring about an increased expansion of the maxillary dental arch and increased growth at the midpalatal suture. No increased bone deposition was found at the buccal dentoalveolar wall, inducing doubts as to the accuracy of the periosteal pull theory for widening of the dental arch.

Activator Appliances↗