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At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

The anhydrobiotic potential and molecular phylogenetics of species and strains of Panagrolaimus (Nematoda, Panagrolaimidae).

Members of the genus Panagrolaimus are bacterial-feeding nematodes that occupy a diversity of niches ranging from Antarctic and temperate soils to terrestrial mosses. Some members of this genus are able to survive extreme desiccation by entering into a state of suspended animation known as anhydrobiosis. We have assembled a collection of Panagrolaimus species and strains and have investigated their anhydrobiotic phenotypes. Our data show that within the genus Panagrolaimus there is a continuum of strains ranging from those unable to survive exposure to low relative humidity (RH) without prior preconditioning at high RH (slow desiccation strategists), through strains that have limited ability to survive rapid desiccation but whose anhydrobiotic ability improves upon preconditioning, to strains such as P. superbus that can readily survive immediate exposure to severe desiccation (fast desiccation strategists). Using this panel of nematodes we investigated the effect of preincubation at high RH on the accumulation of trehalose and on the nematodes' anhydrobiotic potential. We found that there is a strong correlation between trehalose induction and anhydrobiotic survival in Panagrolaimus. Furthermore, the high trehalose levels observed in fully hydrated P. superbus (10% dry mass) suggest that constitutive expression of trehalose pre-adapts this fast dehydration strategist to combat desiccation. All the strains observed, regardless of survival rates, undertook both coiling and clumping, which has the effect of reducing surface area and slowing the rate of water loss during desiccation. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out to investigate whether the observed anhydrobiotic phenotypes were the result of convergent evolution or represented a single phylogenetic lineage. These analyses, derived from alignments of the rDNA ITS and D3 sequences, indicate that the strongly anhydrobiotic strains of Panagrolaimus form a single phylogenetic lineage, which is separate from the weakly anhydrobiotic strains. The weakly anhydrobiotic strains are also phylogenetically divergent from each other. Our data indicate that Panagrolaimus has the potential to be an excellent model system for the investigation of molecular aspects of nematode anhydrobiosis.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1997

Phylogenetic relationship of the genus Oncorhynchus species inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial markers.

The phylogenetic relationship among the salmonid fishes of the genus Oncorhynchus has been analyzed using various kinds of markers for a long time. However, there are three major disagreements among those studies; (1) the authenticity of the Pacific salmon group as a monophyletic cluster, (2) the phylogenetic relationship among three Pacific salmons (pink salmon, sockeye salmon, and chum salmon), and (3) the phylogenetic position of masu salmon. We used allozyme electrophoresis to clarify the phylogenetic relationship between the Pacific salmon group and the Pacific trout group. Furthermore, we reanalysed published mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences (Shedlock et al., 1992). Allozymic data and mtDNA data indicated the following consistent results; (1) all Pacific salmons formed a monophyletic cluster, (2) chum salmon and pink salmon were clustered within those Pacific salmons, (3) masu salmon formed a cluster with other Pacific salmons and diverged first in this group.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Mode of morphological differentiation in the Latitarsi-ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the world inferred from a phylogenetic tree of mitochondrial ND5 gene sequences.

The Latitarsi is one large division of the subtribe Carabina (subfamily Carabinae, family Carabidae), and has been considered as a discrete morphological group consisting of 17 genera. The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary pattern of the Latitarsi ground beetles have been investigated by analyzing mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) gene sequences. The phylogenetic tree suggests that the Latitarsi members do not form a single cluster, i.e., not monophyletic and at least 16 lineages belonging to the so-called Latitarsi emerged at about the same time of the Carabina radiation together with the members of other divisions. This suggests that these lineages (A, B, C, H, L, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W and X in Fig. 2a) may be treated each as a phylogenetically distinct division equivalent to other divisions. The group with bootstrap value of more than 80 percent has been considered as a single lineage (division) with two exceptions, V and X. The independency of each lineage has been assumed by the traditional morphology as well as a single clustering on the trees constructed by independent methods, unchanged topology by replacement of outgroups, etc. Generally speaking, the members in a single lineage are geographically linked. Many phylogenetic lineages are composed of a single or only a few species without conspicuous morphological differentiation. In contrast to such a "silent morphological evolution", a remarkable morphological differentiation occasionally took place in several lineages.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The phylogenetic relationships of species of the genus Dekkera van der Walt based on the partial sequences of 18S and 26S ribosomal RNAs (Saccharomycetaceae).

Eight strains of species of the teleomorphic genus Dekkera (and anamorphic genus Brettanomyces) were examined for their partial base sequences of 18S and 26S rRNAs. In the 26S rRNA partial base sequencings in positions 493-622 (130 bases) of 26S rRNA, D. bruxellensis (type species) (and B. bruxellensis, type species) and D. anomala (and B. anomalus) were related phylogenetically (percent similarities, 73-82). The percent similarity of D. naardenensis and D. custersiana were very low (48-56 and 48-53, respectively). In the 26S rRNA partial base sequencings in positions 1611-1835 (225 bases) of 26S rRNA, D. bruxellensis (and B. bruxellensis) and D. anomala (and B. anomalus) were related phylogenetically (base differences, 8-6). The base differences of D. naardenensis and D. custersiana were 46-38 and 38-27, respectively. In the 18S rRNA partial base sequencings in positions 1451-1618 (168 bases) of 18S rRNA, D. bruxellensis (and B. bruxellensis) and D. anomala (and B. anomalus) were closely related phylogenetically (base difference, one). The base differences of D. naardenensis were three with the above-mentioned two species. In contrast, D. custersiana was distant phylogenetically (base differences, 10-9). The sequence data obtained were discussed taxonomically, especially on setting up a new teleomorphic genus for D. custersiana.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

The phylogenetic relationships of the Q9-equipped, hat-shaped ascospore-forming species of the genus Yamadazyma Billon-Grand (Saccharomycetaceae) based on the partial sequences of 18S and 26S ribosomal RNAs.

Sixteen strains of the sixteen species, including the type species, Y. philogaea (CBS 6696, type strain), of the genus Yamadazyma were examined for their partial base sequences of 18S and 26S rRNAs. The genus Yamadazyma Billon-Grand was found to have a heterogeneous nature phylogenetically. In the partial base sequences in positions 1451-1618 (168 bases) of 18S rRNA, the number of base differences was 4-0 within the genus except for Y. spartinae, Y. inositovora, Y. ohmeri, and Y. besseyi. The base differences numbered 6-1, 11-8, and 8-4 with D. hansenii, P. membranaefaciens, and S. cerevisiae, respectively. In the partial base sequences in positions 1611-1835 (225 bases) of 26S rRNA, the number of base differences was 14-0 within the genus. The base differences numbered 19-0, 31-24, and 25-17 with D. hansenii, P. membranaefaciens, and S. cerevisiae, respectively. In the partial base sequences in positions 493-622 (130 bases) of 26S rRNA, the percent similarities were 73-93. The percent similarities were 77-90, 64-71, and 68-79 with D. hansenii, P. membranaefaciens, and S. cerevisiae, respectively. Yamadazyma inositovora, Y. spartinae, and Y. ohmeri were not closely related phylogenetically. Yamadazyma besseyi (Q-7) was separate phylogenetically from the species mentioned above of the genera Yamadazyma, Debaryomyces, Pichia, and Saccharomyces (base differences, 13-7 and 62-17; percent similarities, 48-63). The discussion was made phylogenetically and taxonomically, especially on transferring Y. besseyi to a separate taxon.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Phylogenetic relationships of species of the genus Saccharomyces Meyen ex Reess deduced from partial base sequences of 18S and 26S ribosomal RNAs (saccharomycetaceae).

In order to clarify the phylogenetic relationships among the yeast species classified in the genus Saccharomyces, partial base sequences of 18S and 26S ribosomal RNAs were determined for ten selected strains. The regions determined correspond to positions 1451 through 1618 of the 18S rRNA and positions 493 through 622 and 1611 through 1835 of the 26S rRNA in S. cerevisiae. Analyses of these partial base sequences suggested that the genus Saccharomyces is phylogenetically heterogeneous. Saccharomyces servazzii and S. unisporus showed identical or very similar sequences in all the three regions, and their phylogenetic distance from S. cerevisiae was large enough to introduce a genus independent of Saccharomyces. Saccharomyces kluyveri is also distant from all the other Saccharomyces species examined, and is likely to deserve a new genus. Estimated phylogenetic relationships between Saccharomyces and other genera characterized by the Q-6 system, such as species of Zygosaccharomyces. Torulaspora, Kluyveromyces, Arxiozyma, Pachytichospora, Nadsonia. Hanseniaspora, Kloeckeraspora, and Saccharomycodes, are also discussed.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Bacterial taxonomics: finding the wood through the phylogenetic trees.

Bacterial taxonomy comprises systematics (theory of classification), nomenclature (formal process of naming), and identification. There are two basic approaches to classification. Similarities may be derived between microorganisms by numerical taxonomic methods based on a range of present-day observable characteristics (phenetics), drawing in particular on conventional morphological and physiological test characters as well as chemotaxonomic markers such as whole-cell protein profiles, mol% G+C content, and DNA-DNA homologies. By contrast, phylogenetics, the process of reconstructing possible evolutionary relationships, uses nucleotide sequences from conserved genes that act as molecular chronometers. A combination of both phenetics and phylogenetics is referred to as polyphasic taxonomy, and is the recommended strategy in description of new species and genera. Numerical analysis of small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) leading to the construction of branching trees representing the distance of divergence from a common ancestor has provided the mainstay of microbial phylogenetics. The approach has some limitations, particularly in the discrimination of closely related taxa, and there is a growing interest in the use of alternative loci as molecular chronometers, such as gyrA and RNAase P sequences. Comparison of the degree of congruence between phylogenetic trees derived from different genes provides a valuable test of the extent they represent gene trees or species trees. Rapid expansion in genome sequences will provide a rich source of data for future taxonomic analysis that should take into account population structure of taxa and novel methods for analysis of nonclonal bacterial populations.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phylogenetic analysis of the envelope protein (domain III) of dengue 4 viruses.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the genetic variability of domain III of envelope (E) protein and to estimate phylogenetic relationships of dengue 4 (Den-4) viruses isolated in Mexico and from other endemic areas of the world. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A phylogenetic study of domain III of envelope (E) protein of Den-4 viruses was conducted in 1998 using virus strains from Mexico and other parts of the world, isolated in different years. Specific primers were used to amplify by RT-PCR the domain III and to obtain nucleotide sequence. Based on nucleotide and deduced aminoacid sequence, genetic variability was estimated and a phylogenetic tree was generated. To make an easy genetic analysis of domain III region, a Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) assay was performed, using six restriction enzymes. RESULTS: Study results demonstrate that nucleotide and aminoacid sequence analysis of domain III are similar to those reported from the complete E protein gene. Based on the RFLP analysis of domain III using the restriction enzymes NIa III, Dde I and Cfo I, Den-4 viruses included in this study were clustered into genotypes 1 and 2 previously reported. CONCLUSIONS: Study results suggest that domain III may be used as a genetic marker for phylogenetic and molecular epidemiology studies of dengue viruses. The English version of this paper is available too at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2005

A multiplex PCR assay able to simultaneously detect Torque teno virus isolates from phylogenetic groups 1 to 5.

Torque teno virus (TTV) is a circular, single-stranded DNA virus that chronically infects healthy individuals of all ages worldwide. TTV has an extreme genetic heterogeneity which is reflected in its current classification into five main phylogenetic groups (1-5). Using specific PCR assays, it has been shown that many individuals are co-infected with TTV isolates belonging to different phylogenetic groups. Here, a multiplex PCR assay was developed, using five recombinant plasmids. Each plasmid carried an insert of different size issued from a TTV isolate belonging to a different group. The assay was able to simultaneously amplify DNAs of TTV isolates belonging to all five phylogenetic groups. Multiplex PCR was then tested satisfactorily on DNAs extracted from 55 serum samples (47 health care workers and 8 AIDS patients). All individuals but nine were infected with at least one TTV isolate. Co-infection with multiple isolates was found in 29/47 (62%) health care workers and in 8/8 (100%) AIDS patients. A number of discrepancies were observed when results obtained with three thermostable DNA polymerases were compared. For example, four TTV phylogenetic groups were detected in a particular serum sample by using one of the three DNA polymerases, whereas the other two enzymes were able to detect only three TTV groups. However, none of the three enzymes used could be broadly considered to be more efficient than the others. Despite its limitations, the assay described here constitutes a suitable tool to visualize the degree of co-infection of a given population, avoiding time-consuming experiments.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2006

Phylogenetic autocorrelation and evolutionary interpretation of the higher-taxon approach for biodiversity analyses.

Although in most recent broad-scale analyses, diversity is measured by counting the number of species in a given area or spatial unity (species richness), a 'top-down' approach has been used sometimes, counting higher-taxon (genera, family) instead of species with some advantages. However, this higher-taxon approach is quite empirical and the cut-off level is usually arbitrarily defined. In this work, we show that the higher-taxon approach could be theoretically linked with models of phenotypic diversification by means of phylogenetic autocorrelation analysis in such a way that the taxonomic (or phylogenetic) rank to be used could not be necessarily arbitrary. This rank expresses past time in which taxa became independent for a given phenotypic trait or for the evolution of average phenotypes across different traits. We illustrated the approach by evaluating phylogenetic patches for 23 morphological, ecological and behavioural characters in New World terrestrial Carnivora. The higher-taxon counts at 18.8 mya (S(L)) defined by phylogenetic correlograms are highly correlated with species richness (r = 0.899; P < 0.001 with ca. 13 degrees of freedom by taking spatial autocorrelation into account). However, S(L) in North America is usually larger than in South America. Thus, although there are more species in South and Central America, the fast recent diversification that occurred in this region generated species that are "redundant" in relation to lineages that were present at 18.8 my. BP. Therefore, the number of lineages can be comparatively used as a measure of evolutionary diversity under a given model of phenotypic divergence among lower taxonomic units.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Phylogenetic position of a deep-sea ascidian, Megalodicopia hians, inferred from the molecular data.

Ascidians inhabit both shallow water and the deep sea. The phylogenetic position of deep-sea ascidians has not been sufficiently investigated because of their unusual habitats. The family Octacnemidae is one such enigmatic deep-sea ascidian. In this report, we determined the sequences of the 18SrDNA and a mitochondrial protein gene of Megalodicopia hians belonging to the family Octacnemidae, and we analyzed its phylogenetic relationship with other ascidians. A phylogenetic relationship of this family with the families Cionidae and/or Corellidae has been suspected based on a small number of morphological characteristics. However, our results suggested that M. hians has a close relationship to the family Corellidae and might originate from them. This is the first report of the molecular phylogenetic analysis of a deep-sea ascidian.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Phylogenetical relationship based on groE genes among phenotypically related Enterobacter, Pantoea, Klebsiella, Serratia and Erwinia species.

In an attempt to define the phylogenetical relationship among 17 phenotypically related species of genera Enterobacter, Pantoea, Serratia, Klebsiella and Erwinia, we determined almost all of their groE operon sequences using the polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing method. The number of nucleotide substitutions per site was 0.12+/-0.030. The value was 3.6-fold higher than that of 16S rDNA. As a result, we were successful in constructing molecular phylogenetic trees which had a finer resolution than that based on the 16S rDNA sequences. The phylogenetic trees based on the nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid sequences of groE operons indicated that the members of genera Enterobacter, Pantoea and Klebsiella were closely related to each other, while Serratia and Erwinia species except Erwinia carotovora, made distinct clades. The close relationship between Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae, that had been suggested by biochemical tests and DNA hybridization, was also supported by our molecular phylogenetic trees.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Phylogenetic analysis of Alysiella and related genera of Neisseriaceae: proposal of Alysiella crassa comb. nov., Conchiformibium steedae gen. nov., comb. nov., Conchiformibium kuhniae sp. nov. and Bergeriella denitrificans gen. nov., comb. nov.

A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences reveals that Alysiella filiformis belongs to the family Neisseriaceae. The genus Simonsiella is phylogenetically separated by the genera Kingella and Neisseria. The species Simonsiella crassa and A. filiformis show a close phylogenetic relationship, with the 16S rDNA sequence similarity and the DNA-DNA hybridization representing 98.7% and 35%, respectively. Therefore, S. crassa should be transferred from the genus Simonsiella to the genus Alysiella as Alysiella crassa comb. nov. Simonsiella steedae and Simonsiella sp. of cat origin show strong genetic affinities and are distantly related with the type species of Simonsiella, S. mulleri. Thus, a new genus, Conchiformibium is proposed; Conchiformibium steedae comb. nov. and Conchiformibium kuhniae sp. nov. are accommodated in this new genus. On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic distinction from the genus Neisseria, N. denitrificans should be reclassified, for which a new genus and new combination Bergeriella denitrificans are proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Parallel phylogenetic analyses using the N, G or Nv gene from a fixed group of VHSV isolates reveal the same overall genetic typing.

Different genetic regions representing the viral phospho- (P), nucleocapsid- (N) or glyco-protein (G) gene have been used for phylogenetic studies of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV). Since these analyses were performed on different virus isolates using various genomic regions, it has been difficult to evaluate how the choice of target region affects the output of the analyses. To address this, we sequenced and performed parallel phylogenetic analysis of an N gene fragment, the entire Nv (non-structural protein) and G genes, and 4 different fragments of the G gene from a fixed virus panel. The overall genotyping of the selected isolates was identical for the 7 target regions, but separation of Genotype I sub-lineages was best when the analysis was performed on the full length G gene (1524 nucleotides, nt). Good resolution was furthermore obtained using smaller sequencing windows represented by a G gene fragment (nt 360 to 720) or the Nv gene (366 nt), although these regions had different characteristics with respect to resolution of Genotype I sublineages and resolution within Sub-lineage Ia. Phylogenetic analysis based on the deduced amino acid sequences was also performed. The phylogenetic relationship between the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the isolates corresponded best in the case of the N gene/protein. For the 6 other genomic regions, genetically distant isolates occasionally grouped together when compared at protein levels. No clear relationship between the G gene genotyping and serotyping with neutralising (G protein specific) antibodies was observed, stressing that epidemiological analysis based on phenotypic characteristics such as serotype could be misleading.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Phylogenetic analysis to document a common source of hepatitis D virus infection in a mother and her child.

BACKGROUND: Spread of hepatitis D virus (HDV) from mother to infant is rare and nucleotide evidence to document such transmission is lacking. The aim of this study was to screen the children of HDV-infected parents and compare the HDV nucleotide sequence between children and parents by phylogenetic analysis. METHODS: Fifty-seven children of 28 HDV-infected parents (23 fathers and 5 mothers, including two couples) were enrolled. HDV genomes from sera of HDV-infected parents and their children were cloned and sequenced. Comparison and phylogenetic analysis of HDV genomes were based on a region from nucleotide 911 to 1260. The homology to nucleotide sequence among different genotypes was estimated by phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: One of the eight children whose mothers were anti-HDV positive was positive for anti-HDV. Mean heterogeneity among different HDV clones from a single subject ranged from 0.29% to 1.15%. HDV sequences from the mother and her child (referred from southern Taiwan) were nearly identical (99.7%), both showed 92.2-93.4% homology with other genotype II isolates from north Taiwan and 76.3-77.1% homology with genotype I isolates. CONCLUSIONS: Genotype II HDV is most prevalent in Taiwan. There are significant variations up to 8% in nucleotide sequence among different genotype II HDV clones isolated from patients in northern and southern Taiwan. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HDV clones from the mother and her child form a monophyletic group, supporting a common source of infection. Susceptible children of HDV-infected mothers should be protected by hepatitis B virus vaccination and active education.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Phylogenetic relationships of land plants using mitochondrial small-subunit rDNA sequences.

Phylogenetic relationships among embryophytes (tracheophytes, mosses, liverworts, and hornworts) were examined using 21 newly generated mitochondrial small-subunit (19S) rDNA sequences. The "core" 19S rDNA contained more phylogenetically informative sites and lower homoplasy than either nuclear 18S or plastid 16S rDNA. Results of phylogenetic analyses using parsimony (MP) and likelihood (ML) were generally congruent. Using MP, two trees were obtained that resolved either liverworts or hornworts as the basal land plant clade. The optimal ML tree showed hornworts as basal. That topology was not statistically different from the two MP trees, thus both appear to be equally viable evolutionary hypotheses. High bootstrap support was obtained for the majority of higher level embryophyte clades named in a recent morphologically based classification, e.g., Tracheophyta, Euphyllophytina, Lycophytina, and Spermatophytata. Strong support was also obtained for the following monophyletic groups: hornworts, liverworts, mosses, lycopsids, leptosporangiate and eusporangiate ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms. This molecular analysis supported a sister relationship between Equisetum and leptosporangiate ferns and a monophyletic gymnosperms sister to angiosperms. The topologies of deeper clades were affected by taxon inclusion (particularly hornworts) as demonstrated by jackknife analyses. This study represents the first use of mitochondrial 19S rDNA for phylogenetic purposes and it appears well-suited for examining intermediate to deep evolutionary relationships among embryophytes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

The phylogenetic position of Carex section Phyllostachys and its implications for phylogeny and subgeneric circumscription in Carex (Cyperaceae).

Wide speculation surrounds the origin and phylogenetic relationships of the most highly reduced sections in the genus Carex. In order to gain a better understanding of phylogeny in Carex, the relationship of the reduced sect. Phyllostachys to 12 putatively related sections, representing all four subgenera (Primocarex, Indocarex, Carex, Vignea), was inferred from sequences of the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) region of nrDNA. Phylogenetic reconstructions identified two main clades: (1) a "compound" clade composed of sections from subg. Indocarex, Primocarex, and a portion of subg. Carex, and (2) a "reduced" clade consisting of sections from subg. Carex (Phyllostachys) and Primocarex (Filifoliae and Firmiculmes). Subgenus Indocarex was paraphyletic within the "compound" clade supporting classifications that have merged it within a wider subg. Indocarex/Carex/Primocarex line. Subgenus Primocarex was polyphyletic. This result was consistent with theories that extreme reduction has occurred along several different evolutionary lines in Carex. Phylogenetic theories inferred from the presence or abnormal growth of the rachilla were not supported by tree topologies. Difficult sectional circumscriptions, such as the separation of sections Laxiflorae and Careyanae, were strongly upheld by sequence data. The ITS region is an effective tool for defining sectional limits and for estimating relationships among sections in Carex, but does not provide enough phylogenetic information to fully resolve relationships below the sectional level.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Phylogenetic analysis of aerobic methylotrophic bacteria, using dichloromethane].

The phylogenetic relationships of 12 aerobic dichloromethane-degrading bacteria that implement different C1-assimilation pathways was determined based on 16S ribosomal RNA sequences and DNA-DNA hybridization data. The restricted facultative methylotroph "Methylophilus leisingerii" DM11 with the ribulose monophosphate pathway was found to belong to the genus Methylophilus cluster of the beta subdivision of the phylogenetic kingdom Proteobacteria. The facultative methylotroph Methylorhabdus multivorans DM13 was assigned to a separate branch of the alpha-2 group of Proteobacteria. Paracoccus methylutens DM12, which utilizes C1-compounds via the Calvin cycle was found to belong to the alpha-3 group of the Proteobacteria (more precisely, to the genus Paracoccus cluster). Thus, phylogenetic analysis confirmed the taxonomic status of these recently characterized bacteria. According to the degree of DNA homology, several novel strains of methylotrophic bacteria were divided into three genotypic groups within the alpha-2 group of the Proteobacteria. Genotypic group 1, comprising strains DM1, DM3, and DM5 through DM9, and genotypic group 3, comprising strain DM10, were phylogenetically close to the methylotrophic bacteria of the genus Methylopila, whereas genotypic group 2 (strain DM4) was close to bacteria of the genus Methylobacterium. The genotypic groups obviously represent distinct taxa of methylotrophic bacteria, whose status should be confirmed by phenotypic analysis.

Base Sequence↗