Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “common bean”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Effects of low temperature at 10 degrees C on some antioxidant enzyme activities and ultrastructures of hypocotylar cells in mung bean and garden pea].

Mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus Linn.) and garden pea (Pisum satium Linn.), which were stressed 4 days under a low temperature of 10 degrees C, were used as materials to study the cold tolerance of plant with different resistance. On the 2nd and 3rd day under 10 degrees C stress, both the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities increased significantly in hypocotylar cells of mung bean, so did SOD activity in garden pea, but other physiological indexes in garden pea were not different from the non-treatment groups (Figs. 1-5). In hypocotylar cells of mung bean, SOD activity always maintain at the highest level in a period of time,and so does POD activity (Figs. 3, 4). Ultrastructural results after stress indicated as follows: (1) Plastids in hypocotylar cells of mung bean accumulated much starch (Plate I-6), whereas the form of plastids in hypocotylar cells of garden pea changed maskedly to become dumb-bell-shaped, round or irregular, with the last one being the most common form (Plate I-8, 12); (2) In both mung bean and garden pea, central vacuole was divided into small vacuoles (Plate I-4, 10), and the number of mitochondria increased and became aggregated (Plate I-3, 11, 12). Judging from the activities of protective enzymes and ultrastructures, 10 degrees C low temperature caused non-lethal, temporary injuries to hypocotyls ultrastructures in mung bean, but no visible injury at all, and even improved its cold tolerance to a certain degree in garden pea.

Catalase↗
PubMed1998

[Favism. Acute hemolysis after intake of fava beans].

Acute haemolysis due to Glucose-6-Phosphate-Dehydrogenase deficiency is a common disorder in American and African Blacks, in Mediterranean people and among Orientals. The erythrocytes in affected individuals have insufficient reducing power against toxic peroxydes and free radicals generated during metabolism. Normally, affected individuals are without signs of disease, but under the influence of oxydants severe intravascular haemolysis may occur. One of the most important oxydants is the fava bean which, when ingested, may cause acute favism, a condition which has a 10% mortality if not treated properly. We describe a 35 year-old man from Iraq who developed serious haemolytic anemia with a fall in haemoglobin to 6.5 g/100 ml three days after ingestion of fava beans. He was treated with intravenous fluids and blood transfusions. He recovered and was discharged from hospital after nine days. This is the first described case of favism in Norway.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Risks and benefits of soy phytoestrogens in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, climacteric symptoms and osteoporosis.

Phytoestrogens, plant chemicals classified as isoflavones, coumestans and lignans, display estrogen-like activity because of their structural similarity to human estrogens and exhibit high affinity binding for the estrogen receptor beta. They are common components of food items such as grains, beans, fruits and nuts. Isoflavones are primarily found in soybeans and foods made from soy. In particular, significant therapeutic properties have been generally attributed to soy isoflavones, but most of the claims have been poorly, or not at all, confirmed by well designed clinical trials. Such is the case of the purported role of soy isoflavones in reducing plasma cholesterol levels. This link is now not supported by many authors or by appropriately designed clinical studies. The role of isoflavones in cancer prevention, particularly of tumours under endocrine control (breast, prostate and others) is again only supported by weak to nonexisting clinical evidence. A similarcase is that of the prevention/treatment of postmenopausal symptoms and osteoporosis. Disturbing data have been reported on potential negative effects of soy isoflavones on cognitive function in the aged, particularly relating to tofu intake. Recent studies have finally indicated a potential role for soy isoflavones in inducing chromosomal changes in cells exposed in vitro and potentiating chemical carcinogens. These findings may not, however, be extrapolated to clinical conditions. Available data do not appear to unequivocally support beneficial effects of soy isoflavones, and warn against their wide use, in the absence of satisfactory clinical findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Serological differences between some isolates of bean yellow mosaic virus.

The degree of serological relatedness of three isolates of bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) was studied. One common antigenic group (m) was demonstrated in all 3 isolates. In addition, another antigenic group (a) was demonstrated in the isolate FvM1. This group was absent from the isolates TpM3 and TpM11, in which the antigenic group n was found. Antisera to the 3 isolates contained the corresponding antibody groups. The antibody group (M) shared by all 3 BYMV isolates was present in the FvM1 antiserum in a level only a little higher than the second antibody group (A). Antisera to TpM3 and TpM11 isolates showed only a low titre of M antibody, while the second antibody group (N) reached titres from 512 to 1024. Cross-absorption tests revealed serological identity of both isolates of the "necrotic type" (TpM3 and TpM11) and allowed to estimate the degree of their serological relatedness to representatives of the "mosaic type" isolates of BYMV (FvM1).

Absorption↗
PubMed1976

Protein quality of two varieties of high-lysine maize fed alone and with black beans or milk to normal and depleted weanling rats.

Opaque-2 corn, modified high-lysine corn with vitreous endosperm, and common corn were compared in rat growth studies. Corn alone supplied 8.6% protein; and at both 8.6 and 11.4% protein, corn furnished 60% of the protein and either milk or black beans supplied 40%. The modified corn, which also was high in both lysine and tryptophan, did not differ significantly from Opaque-2 corn in its ability to stimulate growth and nitrogen deposition in both well-nourished and partially protein-depleted rats; and both were significantly superior to common corn when fed alone. Milk was a more effective supplement for corn than black beans, especially when high-lysine varieties were fed, whereas beans exerted a similar effect on all varieties of corn. The depleted rats deposited more nitrogen as a result of eating most diets than did well nourished rats. Implications of these findings for preschool children are discussed.

Amino Acids, Essential↗
PubMed1999

Pollinosis to Ricinus communis (castor bean): an aerobiological, clinical and immunochemical study.

BACKGROUND: Ricinus communis (castor bean) is a species included into the Euphorbiaceae family, common to all the warm regions of the world. Although the allergenicity of its seed is well known, references are scarce regarding the role played by its pollen as a pneumo-allergen. OBJECTIVES: To carry out an aerobiological study of this pollen in the Málaga area (southern Spain); describe the physicochemical characteristics of its most relevant allergens; and to demonstrate the existence of patients with respiratory allergy due to this pollen. METHODS: A Burkard spore trap was used for the aerobiological study from 1992 to 1996. Skin prick tests with castor bean pollen extract were performed to 1946 patients with rhinitis and/or asthma. Specific IgE levels were measured in castor bean-positive SPT patient sera. Immunochemical characterization of the most relevant allergens was performed using electrophoretic techniques. In vitro cross-reactivity studies using positive patient sera were carried out. Nasal challenge tests were done in 32 subjects randomly selected from the sensitized patient group. RESULTS: Castor bean is a perennial pollen with total annual pollen levels never exceeding 1%. One hundred and eighteen (7.7%) patients showed positive prick test (74 rhinitis, 36 rhinitis and asthma, eight asthma). Nine were monosensitized. Specific IgE levels were > or =0.35 PRU/mL in 39 (33%) of patient sera. Nasal challenge test: 10 subjects presented non-specific nasal hyperactivity, 15 were positive and seven negative. The molecular masses and isoelectric points of the main IgE-binding proteins, ranged from approximately 67-15.5/14.5 kDa and approximately 4.5-5.5, respectively. Profilin of the extract was purified by poli-L-proline-Sepharose chromatography and it appeared as one of the most frequent allergens. CONCLUSION: Castor bean pollen is an allergen which causes respiratory (mainly nasal) symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Evolutionary diversification of the bean beetle genus Callosobruchus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae): traits associated with stored-product pest status.

Despite the fact that many plant-feeding insects are pests, little effort has been made to identify key evolutionary trait transitions that allow taxa to acquire or lose pest status. A large proportion of species in the genus Callosobruchus are economically important pests of stored, dry postharvest beans of the tribe Phaseoleae. However, the evolution of this feeding habit is poorly understood. Here, we present a reconstruction of the phylogeny of the Asian and African Callosobruchus based on three mitochondrial genes, and assess which traits have been associated with the evolutionary origin or loss of ability to reproduce on dry beans. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that species group into the chinensis and the maculatus clades, which are also supported by genital morphology, and an additional paraphyletic group. Ancestral ability to use dry beans has been lost in the chinensis clade but acquired again in C. chinensis. Dry-bean use and host-plant use were both phylogenetically constrained and transitions in the two were significantly correlated. Host shifts from the subtribe Phaseolinae to Cajaninae were more common than the reverse and were more likely in species using young beans. The ability to use dry beans was more likely gained when using Phaseolinae hosts and promoted habitat shifts from tropical to temperate regions. Adaptation to arid climate was also associated with the ability to reproduce on dry beans and on Phaseolinae. Thus, our analysis suggests that physiological adaptations to an arid climate and to Phaseolinae hosts both render beetles predisposed to become pests of cultivated beans.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1993

Purification, characterization, and cDNA cloning of an NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase from mung bean.

We report here the isolation and deduced amino acid sequence of the flavoprotein, NADPH-cytochrome P450 (cytochrome c) reductase (EC 1.6.2.4), associated with the microsomal fraction of etiolated mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata var. Berken). An 1150-fold purification of the plant reductase was achieved, and SDS/PAGE showed a predominant protein band with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 82 kDa. The purified plant NADPH-P450 reductase gave a positive reaction as a glycoprotein, exhibited a typical flavoprotein visible absorbance spectrum, and contained almost equimolar quantities of FAD and FMN per mole of enzyme. Specific antibodies revealed the presence of unique epitopes distinguishing the plant and mammalian flavoproteins as demonstrated by Western blot analyses and inhibition studies. Peptide fragments from the purified plant NADPH-P450 reductase were sequenced, and degenerate primers were used in PCR amplification reactions. Overlapping cDNA clones were sequenced, and the deduced amino acid sequence of the mung bean NADPH-P450 reductase was compared with equivalent enzymes from mammalian species. Although common flavin and NADPH-binding sites are recognizable, there is only approximately 38% amino acid sequence identity. Surprisingly, the purified mung bean NADPH-P450 reductase can substitute for purified rat NADPH-P450 reductase in the reconstitution of the mammalian P450-catalyzed 17 alpha-hydroxylation of pregnenolone or progesterone.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1976

Comparative structural and immunochemical properties of leghaemoglobins.

Circular dichroism studies on leghaemoglobins from snake bean, lupin, serradella and other plants show that, in common with soybean (reported earlier) they have a similar overall polypeptide chain conformation and haem environment and orientation. Immunochemical studies, on the other hand, suggest that the antigenic determinants on the surface of the leghaemoglobins vary considerably. Thus, firstly the alpha-helix content of the leghaemoglobins as a class is very similar (60-65%) and approaches that of the myoglobins, secondly, the sign, magnitude and shape of their circular dichroism spectra in the near ultraviolet, Soret and visible regions suggest close similarities in the environment and orientation of a structurally important tryptophan residue and of the haem moiety, and thirdly, there is comparatively weak haem-protein interaction. The extent of immuno cross-reactivity was found to be best deomonstrated using the Farr radioimmunoassay procedure. The results were (a) 5 leghaemoglobins from one plant (soybean) crossreacted completely but with varying affinities. (b) The extent of cross reactivity between leghaemoglobins from different plants was compared to that within a single plant; the reaction of antiserum to a soybean leghaemoglobin with a serradella leghaemoglobin was weak, with a snake bean leghaemoglobin still weaker (and incomplete) while lupin leghaemoglobins showed no cross reactivity at all. (c) The "rapid" attenuation of cross reactivity among different plant leghaemoglobins is explicable in terms of the extensive amino acid substitutions which have been demonstrated in the literature and in the present studies. (d) In view of this rapid divergence it is not surprising that sperm whale and horse heart myoglobins showed no cross reactivity with soybean leghaemoglobins. In summary, amino acid substitutions in the leghaemoglobin family are conformationally but not immunochemically conservative.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Bean bag allergy revisited: a case of allergy to inhaled soybean dust.

BACKGROUND: Soybean is a common food allergen. It can cause Type 1 allergy (IgE-mediated) symptoms from its ingestion, as well as from inhalation of its dust. OBJECTIVE: To report a case of allergy in a child from the inhalation of soybean dust from a bean bag and the course of this allergy over time. METHODS: Case report; routine skin testing and laboratory tests; bean bag challenge studies; special studies with saline extracts of the bean bag soybeans. RESULTS: A 6-year-old boy with a 1-year history of allergic rhinitis noted symptoms of urticaria, eyelid angioedema, and mild respiratory distress while at school playing with a bean bag containing soybeans. Skin tests revealed positive reactions to commercial soybean extract and bean bag soybean extracts. Bean bag challenge was also positive. The patient's serum was able to transfer this sensitivity by the Prausnitz-Küstner (P-K) reaction. RAST and polystyrene tube radioimmunoassay techniques, however, did not detect specific IgE to soybean allergens. During follow-up, the patient developed allergy symptoms with ingestion of other beans. This latter allergy lasted for only 2 years, but the bean bag allergy was still present 4 years later (bean bag challenge). The patient returned at age 19 for recurrence of his allergic rhinitis and de novo asthma. Repeat bean bag challenge at age 24 was negative. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported childhood case of IgE-mediated allergy from soybean dust during play with a bean bag containing dry soybeans. Over time, despite the loss of this sensitivity, he developed asthma, another IgE-mediated illness.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of soxhlet and microwave-assisted extractions for the determination of fenitrothion residues in beans.

White and black "niebe" beans [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] from Senegal were treated with fenitrothion (O,O-dimethyl O-4-nitro-m-tolyl phosphorothioate), and the residues were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electron capture gas chromatography (EC-GC). Fenitrothion residues from the beans were extracted by Soxhlet extraction (SE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). A column cleanup procedure was used to remove the coextractives in the extract before HPLC and EC-GC analyses. The overall mean recoveries of fenitrothion residues in the 0.19-1.90 microg/kg fortification range determined from extracts obtained by SE and MAE were 88.4 and 89.8%, respectively, with respective relative standard deviations of <4%. The results show that MAE is a viable alternative to the commonly used SE for the determination of fenitrothion residues in beans.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed2005

Impact of food disinfection on beneficial biothiol contents in vegetables.

In this work we investigated the impact of food disinfection on the beneficial biothiol contents in a suite of vegetables consumed daily, including spinach, green bean, asparagus, cucumber, and red pepper. Four disinfection technologies commonly studied and/or used in food processing and preservation, including hydrogen peroxide, free chlorine, and gaseous- and aqueous-phase ozone, were examined with common dosages and contact times. Results indicate that the common disinfection technologies may result in significant loss of beneficial biothiols in vegetables which are essentially important to human health. For example, as much as 70% of biothiols were lost when spinach was treated with hydrogen peroxide (5.0 wt %) for 30 min. Approximately 48-54% of biothiols were destroyed by free chlorine and gaseous- and aqueous-phase ozone under typical contacting conditions. In red pepper, about 60-71% of reduced glutathione was oxidized by the disinfectants. The potential decrease in biothiols during disinfection was dependent upon the biothiol type, the disinfectant, and the vegetable. The effectiveness of total bacterial inactivation by the four disinfection technologies was concurrently evaluated. Results show that free chlorine is most effective, achieving disinfection efficiencies of greater than 4 log for all study vegetables. This study may provide important information for the food industry to design optimum contacting methods for vegetables to simultaneously achieve sufficient bacterial disinfection while minimizing loss of beneficial biothiols.

Disinfection↗
PubMed1979

Studies on the bioavailability of zinc in man. III. Effects of ascorbic acid on zinc absorption.

As ascorbic acid is known to enhance the absorption of dietary iron and to inhibit the absorption of dietary copper, studies were undertaken to examine the effect of ascorbic acid on the bioavailability of zinc in human subjects. The index of absorption was the change in plasma zinc concentration after a 110-mg aqueous dose of ZnSO4.7H2O (containing 25 mg of elemental zinc). Doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g of ascorbic acid, representing a spectrum of Zn:ascorbic acid molar ratios from the dietary to the pharmacological range, failed to produce any significant change in the pattern of zinc absorption. Moreover, 2.0 g of ascorbic acid, equivalent to a Zn:ascorbic acid ratio of 0.145 failed to improve the absorption of 108 mg of elemental zinc incorporated into 120 g of black bean gruel. Ascorbic acid over a range of dosages commonly consumed by man had no demonstrable effect on the absorption of inorganic zinc.

Absorption↗
PubMed1987

"White-opaque transition": a second high-frequency switching system in Candida albicans.

A second high-frequency switching system was identified in selected pathogenic strains in the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans. In the characterized strain WO-1, cells switched heritably, reversibly, and at a high frequency (approximately 10(-2] between two phenotypes readily distinguishable by the size, shape, and color of colonies formed on agar at 25 degrees C. In this system, referred to as the "white-opaque transition," cells formed either "white" hemispherical colonies, which were similar to the ones formed by standard laboratory strains of C. albicans, or "opaque" colonies, which were larger, flatter, and grey. At least three other heritable colony phenotypes were generated by WO-1 and included one irregular-wrinkle and two fuzzy colony phenotypes. The basis of the white-opaque transition appears to be a fundamental difference in cellular morphology. White cells were similar in shape, size, and budding pattern to cells of common laboratory strains. In dramatic contrast, opaque cells were bean shaped and exhibited three times the volume and twice the mass of white cells, even though these alternative phenotypes contained the same amount of DNA and a single nucleus in the log phase. In addition to differences in morphology, white and opaque cells differed in their generation time, in their sensitivity to low and high temperatures, and in their capacity to form hypae. The possible molecular mechanisms involved in high-frequency switching in the white-opaque transition are considered.

Candida albicans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Recurrent otitis media with effusion and food allergy in pediatric patients].

INTRODUCTION: Recurrent otitis media with effusion continues to be important pediatric clinical problem and is related to food allergy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present investigation was to determine if the recurrent otitis media with effusion was associated to food allergy. METHODS: We reviewed medical charts from children with food allergy and otitis media with effusion for a period of three months of duration or every month for the last six months seen in an allergy clinic. Patients with anatomic abnormalities, polypous or immunologic deficiencies were excluded. Every patient was challenged with foods to which he/she was allergic in order to demonstrate cause-effect. In all patients we performed tympanometries. RESULTS: We found twenty five patients with recurrent otitis media with effusion and food allergy demonstrated by positive skin testing. The most common food found to be associated was milk, egg, beans, citrus, and tomato. The elimination of the food diet led to a significant amelioration of the otitis in 22 patients, in whom clinical and tympanometry evaluation was performed. The challenge diet with suspected offending food provoked a recurrence of the otitis problem. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated the association between recurrent otitis media with effusion and food allergy. Therefore, all patients with recurrent otitis media with effusion should be investigated for food allergy.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed2002

Gliadin is a good substrate of several transglutaminases: possible implication in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease.

BACKGROUND: Deamidation of distinct glutamines in HLA-DQ2 restricted gliadin epitopes, considered critical in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease (CD), can be mediated by tissue transglutaminase (tTG). To elucidate the possible role of other transglutaminases in CD we investigated whether different mammalian, microbial and vegetable transglutaminases can use gliadin as substrate. METHODS: Studies in which small amounts of transglutaminase have been measured have led to our modifying a microtitre plate assay. We used proteolytically digested gliadin as solid phase substrate and Europium-labelled streptavidine to quantify the biotinylated product covalently linked by the enzyme to the plate. RESULTS: The modified assay is ultrasensitive and quantitative, measuring guinea pig liver transglutaminase concentrations between 0.5 and 50 ng/well. The specific activities of the enzymes (counts/min/mg) against gliadin and N,N-dimethylcasein, respectively, are: tTG 9800/4900, Factor XIII 97330/55620, epidermal transglutaminase 47650/50770, streptoverticillium transglutaminase 4290/2200, phytophora cactorum transglutaminase 6910/4110. For the first time, we have detected transglutaminase activity in bean sprouts, spinach leaves and green peas, which are commonly used Vegetables. CONCLUSION: Gliadin is a good substrate for endogenous, microbial and plant transglutaminases. An interesting altemative is that gliadins are deamidated by microbial or food transglutaminases in the intestinal lumen. The assay described provides an ultrasensitive method for measuring small amounts of transglutaminase and is considered a helpful tool in further studies of the possible role of transglutaminases in the pathogenesis of CD.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Plant poisonings in children in the Czech Republic, 1996-2001.

Ingestion of or exposure to potentially poisonous plants is a relatively common presenting complaint in hospital paediatric departments, especially amongst toddlers. We present a retrospective study conducted to review the hospital admissions following acute childhood poisoning with plants in the Czech Republic over a 6-year period from 1996 to 2001. Six university hospital paediatric departments and two local hospital paediatric departments were involved in the study. Information and complete data on the cases were collected on the basis of all hospital medical records and internal hospital database outcomes. A total of 174 plant exposures were analysed to tabulate the list of top species involved in plant poisonings. The aims were to provide classification according to agent frequency, clinical presentations, severity of symptoms expressed, affected age groups and gender of patients and to evaluate the treatment according to patient outcome. The most frequent ingestions were of thorn apple seeds (14.9%), followed by dumb cane exposures (11.5%) and common yew (9.8%). Thorn apple, dumb cane, golden chain and raw beans caused the most serious symptoms. There were no fatalities reported out of the reviewed medical records. Complete data on plant poisoning in children from all over the territory of the Czech Republic are not available; however, we believe that the frequency of causes and the rank of plant species commonly involved are properly reflected in our study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Involvement of phaseolotoxin in halo blight of beans: transport and conversion to functional toxin.

Phaseolotoxin ([N(delta)-phosphosulfamyl]ornithylalanylhomoarginine) is produced by Pseudomonas phaseolicola (Burkh.) Dows. in liquid culture. When phaseolotoxin was applied to leaves of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at 0.1 to 1 nmoles/g fresh weight of leaf by a prick-assay procedure, the characteristic "halo" symptom of bean halo blight disease developed after 24 to 48 hours. At higher concentrations (10-100 nmoles/g fresh weight) the systemic symptoms, which are commonly a feature of diseased plants, also developed after 24 to 48 hours.When applied to bean leaves, phaseolotoxin was rapidly broken down by the sequential removal of homoarginine and alanine. N(delta)-Phosphosulfamylornithine was the major product formed, although phosphosulfamate and unreacted phaseolotoxin were also present. When P. phaseolicola infected bean plants, very little phaseolotoxin was detected within the plant, but the amount of N(delta)-phosphosulfamylornithine formed was sufficient to account for the observed chlorosis, the ornithine accumulation, and the systemic symptoms. N(delta)-Phosphosulfamylornithine therefore seemed to be the main functional phytotoxin of bean halo blight disease.When (35)S-phaseolotoxin was applied to primary leaves, (35)S (assumed to be a mixture of phaseolotoxin, N(delta)-phosphosulfamylornithine, and phosphosulfamate) was actively loaded into the fine veins of the leaf and moved through the plant in the vascular system at a speed greater than 3 cm/hour, particularly toward the apical and lateral buds and the root tips. Certain factors which affect pholem transport (arsenate, cold) affected toxin movement and the expression of systemic symptoms. Autoradiography suggested that the (35)S was transported in the phloem.A model for the involvement of phaseolotoxin in halo blight disease is presented.

Journal Article↗