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PubMed2004

[Nursing assistance in pediatric emergency services].

This qualitative study aims to characterize nurses' actions in care for children during emergency situations, at a pediatric unit from a hospital in the interior of São Paulo State, Brazil, by means of semi structured interviews with eight nurses. The interview included questions about professional profile and, next, the research question. The analysis was guided by Bardin's content analysis (1997), which resulted in the theme: the nurses as a mediator in child care in the emergency room, based on four subthemes: child care planning, child's admission and evaluation, acting in child and family care and care training. Nursing actions in emergency situations with children and their families demand knowledge, technical and technological training, ability and agility, decision-making and teamwork, transmitting security, tranquility, empathy and rationality.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Voice quality change in future professional voice users after 9 months of voice training.

Sixty-eight students of a school for audiovisual communication participated in this study. A part of them, 49 students, received voice training for 9 months (the trained group); 19 subjects received no specific voice training (the untrained group). A multidimensional test battery containing the GRBAS scale, videolaryngostroboscopy, Maximum Phonation Time (MPT), jitter, lowest intensity (IL), highest frequency (FoH), Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI) and Voice Handicap Index (VHI) was applied before and after training to evaluate training outcome. The voice training is made up of technical workshops in small groups (five to eight subjects) and vocal coaching in the ateliers. In the technical workshops, basic skills are trained (posture, breathing technique, articulation and diction), and in the ateliers, the speech and language pathologist assists the subjects in the practice of their voice work. This study revealed a significant amelioration over time for the objective measurements [Dysphonia Severity Index: from 2.3 to 4.5 ( P<0.001)] and the self-evaluation [Voice Handicap Index, from 23 to 18.4 ( P=0.016)] for the trained group only. This outcome favors the systematic introduction of voice training during the schooling of professional voice users.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Ergonomics for industrially developing countries: an alternative approach.

The main focus of ergonomics is the improvement of working conditions and safety. Studies of workers in industrialized countries (ICs) have focused on subjects like occupational health, work physiology, biomechanics, design, and cognition. However, in industrially developing countries (IDCs), the characteristics and conditions of the worker and his workplace are different. This paper suggests an alternative approach to improve working conditions for ergonomists in industrially developing countries. Together with the ergonomic factors previously stated, this approach also considers the broader social and cultural context within which the worker and his workplace exist. The operator is regarded as a product of his socio-cultural environment. His work place (e.g. its ambience, organization, shopfloor conditions, and the state of technology) and his work practices (e.g. attitudes, behavior, ethics, and problem-solving abilities) are affected by societal conditions (like quality of training and education, technical infrastructure, and technical culture).

Culture↗
PubMed2026

Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality Technologies in Neurosurgical Training: Enhancing Skills and Surgical Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the role of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) in neurosurgical education and training. DESIGN: Systematic review conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. SETTING: A comprehensive search was performed across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for English-language studies published between 1 January 2020 and 30 April 2026. PARTICIPANTS: Studies involving neurosurgeons, fellows, residents, and medical students (maximum sample size: n = 48) were included. RESULTS: Of 7,204 initially identified studies, 25 met the inclusion criteria. VR was primarily used for surgical simulation (100% of VR studies) and anatomical education (62.5%). AR demonstrated broader applications, including preoperative planning (40%) and intraoperative support (30%). MR was evenly distributed across simulation, planning, and intraoperative support (40% each). The most frequently improved outcomes were training effectiveness (52%) and technical proficiency (44%). Methodological quality scores, assessed using the Modified Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MMERSQI), ranged from 39.5 to 84.5, indicating varied rigor. CONCLUSION: VR, AR, and MR technologies show potential to enhance surgical precision, technical skills, and educational outcomes in neurosurgical training. However, standardization of methodologies and cost-effective solutions remain essential. Future research should focus on long-term clinical impact and integration of AI-driven training models.

Virtual Reality↗
PubMed2006

Suitability of soccer training drills for endurance training.

Recent evidence suggests that certain soccer drills produce exercise intensities suitable for physical conditioning. However, it remains debatable whether soccer drills can provide a sufficiently unified exercise intensity among different players and on repetition of a drill, because movement patterns cannot be externally controlled during soccer drills. Good reliability and low variability of exercise intensity would enable all players to receive an appropriate training stimulus. The purpose of this study was to investigate intersubject variability and intrasubject reliability in exercise intensity during soccer drills. It was hypothesized that soccer drills that involve the highest exercise intensities would demonstrate the lowest intersubject variability and the highest intrasubject reliability. Heart rates of 23 professional soccer players were recorded during a range of soccer training drills. The drills consisted of 2 vs. 2 to 8 vs. 8 normal scoring games and 2 further possession games. Heart rate responses were examined for variability, reliability, and suitability for soccer endurance training. Coefficients of variation across players were less than 3% for all drills. Paired t-tests showed no significant differences in heart rate on repetition of the drills and 95% ratio limits of agreement were 1.8-3.8%. There were no significant correlations between exercise intensity and the statistical measures of variability and reliability. Several drills produced exercise intensities suitable for soccer endurance training with mean heart rate responses ranging from 87-91% HRmax. Soccer drills such as those used in the present study appear to be an adequate substitute for physical training without the ball and thus provide simultaneous skill and fitness training. The increase in training time spent developing technical ability and/or a reduction in total training time required may be useful for soccer teams.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Training of psychotherapists.

Psychotherapy training is experiencing conflicting messages: escalating criticism of conventional training at a time of unprecedented success in training competent practitioners. This paradox sets the context for this overview of psychotherapy training. In the first part of the paper, I summarize eight lessons learned in the past two decades on improving training: demonstrate and illustrate psychotherapy; furnish ample and diverse experiences; coordinate the training process; impart technical and interpersonal skills; establish competence; account for individual differences; cultivate respect for empirical research; and evaluate training outcomes. These serve as both sobering lessons from past deficiencies and as continuing challenges for the future of psychotherapy training. In the second part of the paper, I briefly advance several models for training in psychotherapy integration, the mental health zeitgeist of the 1990's and beyond. The net result is not necessarily self-identified eclectic or integrative practitioners, but knowledgeable graduates who will approach patients with an open mind, an insatiable curiosity, and a relentless commitment to confront the complexities of human behavior.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed2005

Effective training and assessment of surgical skills, and the correlates of performance.

This report briefly describes the University of Toronto Surgical Skills Centre and summarizes research in technical skills conducted at that site. This includes work on curriculum evaluation, the development and validation of assessment instruments, the retention of technical skills after training, and the prediction of success in surgery. These studies benefited from the large number of participants made available by the Surgical Skills Centre, allowing for randomized controlled studies or correlation studies where larger numbers are necessary for adequate statistical power. Recent emphasis has been on the further development of objective means of assessment and the exploration of correlates of surgical performance. Ongoing research is also aimed at simulator validation.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2005

A human factors analysis of technical and team skills among surgical trainees during procedural simulations in a simulated operating theatre.

BACKGROUND: High-risk organizations such as aviation rely on simulations for the training and assessment of technical and team performance. The aim of this study was to develop a simulated environment for surgical trainees using similar principles. METHODS: A total of 27 surgical trainees carried out a simulated procedure in a Simulated Operating Theatre with a standardized OR team. Observation of OR events was carried out by an unobtrusive data collection system: clinical data recorder. Assessment of performance consisted of blinded rating of technical skills, a checklist of technical events, an assessment of communication, and a global rating of team skills by a human factors expert and trained surgical research fellows. The participants underwent a debriefing session, and the face validity of the simulated environment was evaluated. RESULTS: While technical skills rating discriminated between surgeons according to experience (P = 0.002), there were no differences in terms of the checklist and team skills (P = 0.70). While all trainees were observed to gown/glove and handle sharps correctly, low scores were observed for some key features of communication with other team members. Low scores were obtained by the entire cohort for vigilance. Interobserver reliability was 0.90 and 0.89 for technical and team skills ratings. CONCLUSIONS: The simulated operating theatre could serve as an environment for the development of surgical competence among surgical trainees. Objective, structured, and multimodal assessment of performance during simulated procedures could serve as a basis for focused feedback during training of technical and team skills.

Attention↗
PubMed2005

[Specialist training in basic sciences in university hospitals: specialist resident perspective].

In this study, a questionnaire survey including 56 questions and 154 variables has been undertaken for 74 specialist residents (SpRs) (39 from Dokuz Eylül and 35 from Ege Universities) who have been training in the two university hospitals of Izmir, for the detection of the structure of the actual training programmes, trainer profiles and technical institute equipments in the departments of Basic Sciences, Medical Pathology and Pharmacology. By using this survey, SpRs' demographic informations, training programmes, theoretical and skill activites, educational atmospheres, the trainers' profiles, assessments, audits and professionel developments have been questionned. The rate of response was 71%, and educational programmes, training and technical equipments, efficacy and number of the trainers were found satisfactory in each one of the universities. It has been detected that, the SpRs were permanently assessed and they were able to get training knowledges, skills and attitutes and attend investigation activities during their educational process. This survey study indicated that the training programmes, institute equipments and trainer profiles of the universities were competent for the SpRs'.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1998

A survey of physicians' education in caring for the dying: identified training needs.

BACKGROUND: Physicians receive limited systematic training in caring for dying people. The majority of training focuses on technical skills. METHODS: This study surveyed medical students, residents, fellows, and attending physicians to identify physician needs and current types of training in caring for the terminally ill. The study questionnaire was designed to determine whether and when physicians were trained in caring for dying people, the nature of such training, and possible areas to be included in future training. Also requested was a description of a personal experience involving caring for a terminally ill person. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-three questionnaires were distributed and 90 were returned. Data indicate a lack of standardized training in dealing with terminally ill people and an expressed need for periodic, continuous training. The training needs to be mandatory, be ongoing, and use multiple formats, including the integration of theoretical information and clinical practice. Physicians in this study desired training in the following topic areas: 1) pain management; 2) death and dying; 3) the quality of life and death; 4) DNR status. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians in this study indicated a need for more training in how to care for the terminally ill. A model for training should start in medical school and continue throughout one's career. Providing a framework for lifelong professional development that integrates theoretical information and clinical practice with a multidisciplinary approach to patient care should form the basis of a training model.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Almost the real thing.

Simulation training offers tuition that is constructive, realistic and highly participatory, and by representing believable working environments, simulators are ideal for undertaking technical and behavioural training, for individuals, small groups or entire teams. With current government led changes in healthcare provision such as implementing the European working time directive (DoH 2003), healthcare training opportunities with real patients are likely to become scarcer. The challenge will then be to train skilled, knowledgeable and proficient individuals in other ways. Simulation centres should offer part of the solution.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed2001

Training programs in school consultation.

The need to train psychiatrists in school consultation is important to approach mental health and psychosocial concerns from the broad perspective of addressing barriers to learning and promoting healthy development. There is a major national impetus to improve academic achievement and literacy, which can be amplified by addressing the social, emotional, and mental health needs of children and youth. Training in school consultation allows the psychiatrist to better understand a critical institution in each child's life and also provides technical assistance and training to school personnel, which facilitates networking between programs and individuals involved in or interested in school mental health. Each of the described programs approaches consultation from a specific focus that varies in time commitment, placement options, and frequency and order of didactic presentations. There is no conclusive available evidence as to which program is most effective, since such evaluation depends on the overall goals of the consultation program itself.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Microsurgery].

Generally microsurgical techniques were successful. They opened a new development in plastic and reconstructive surgery. An inroad on other departments is now on process. Moreover indications for use of microsurgical technics grew wider. So tendon-transplantations and other such manipulations will be carried out with microsurgery's help. For us training in microsurgery technics is an obligatory instruction for plastic surgery. Only in that way a surgeon standing in education will learn to understand all possibilities of microsurgery. This means a benefit for every surgeon even if he will not have to do microsurgical operations by himself in the remote future.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Subregional system of training as a means of satisfying institutional training needs].

The document traces the developments that led to the inception of the Committee of Managers and Directors of Water Supply and Sanitation Institutions of Central America and Panama, and furnishes data on its membership, responsibilities and operating procedures. It describes how needs and priorities in this field have been defined and the formulation of a system for the training of nonprofessional technical staff. It reviews the negotiations entered into with national and international agencies to obtain financial support for a project for such training, designed to set up training units and units for the detection of water losses in the seven countries of the Central American area, and the Dominican Republic, and to train 630 technicians in 19 months in courses to be conducted in those countries. Also, it supplies information on the strategic, managerial and operational planning of the project, including a functional scheme and the mechanism for evaluating the project's operations.

Central America↗
PubMed1975

[Radiology within the framework of general medicine].

The concept of radiology as an independent basic discipline in medicine has provided a forceful stimulus for the development of this branch of medicine. Due to possible hazards the task of administering ionizing radiation to human subjects should in principle be in the hands of the medical radiologist. Medical radiology must assume the trusteeship for human genetics in the field of ionizing radiation. Although the doubling of the genetically significant dose in Switzerland from 22.3 mr in 1957 to 42.9 mr in 1971 is still within acceptable limits, extreme caution is required. If appropriate precautions are taken,the danger can be controlled without loss of medical effectiveness. The measures involve not only technical aspects; education directed at the thinking of the physicians concerned is also deemed essential. Radiologic procedures will become even more efficient as training is improved and as estensive coordination with other medical disciplines is achieved. Special attention must be paid to the shortage of trained radiologists and technical personnel.

Allied Health Personnel↗