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At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Multidisciplinary consensus on the terminology and classification of complaints of the arm, neck and/or shoulder.

BACKGROUND: There is no universally accepted way of labelling or defining upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders. A variety of names are used and many different classification systems have been introduced. OBJECTIVE: To agree on an "unambiguous language" concerning the terminology and classification that can be used by all relevant medical and paramedical disciplines in the Netherlands. METHODS: A Delphi consensus strategy was initiated. The outcomes of a multidisciplinary conference were used as a starting point. In total, 47 experts in the field of upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders were delegated by 11 medical and paramedical professional associations to form the expert panel for the Delphi consensus strategy. Each Delphi round consisted of a questionnaire, an analysis and a feedback report. RESULTS: After three Delphi rounds, consensus was achieved. The experts reported the consensus in a model. This so-called CANS model describes the term, definition and classification of complaints of arm, neck and/or shoulder (CANS) and helps professionals to classify patients unambiguously. CANS is defined as "musculoskeletal complaints of arm, neck and/or shoulder not caused by acute trauma or by any systemic disease". The experts classified 23 disorders as specific CANS, because they were judged as diagnosable disorders. All other complaints were called non-specific CANS. In addition, the experts defined "alert symptoms" on the top of the model. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the CANS model can increase accurate and meaningful communication among healthcare workers, and may also have a positive influence on the quality of scientific research, by enabling comparison of data of different studies.

Arm↗
PubMed2005

Cystic fibrosis: terminology and diagnostic algorithms.

There is great heterogeneity in the clinical manifestations of cystic fibrosis (CF). Some patients may have all the classical manifestations of CF from infancy and have a relatively poor prognosis, while others have much milder or even atypical disease manifestations and still carry mutations on each of the CFTR genes. It is important to distinguish between these categories of patients. The European Diagnostic Working Group proposes the following terminology. Patients are diagnosed with classic or typical CF if they have one or more phenotypic characteristics and a sweat chloride concentration of >60 mmol/l. The vast majority of CF patients fall into this category. Usually one established mutation causing CF can be identified on each CFTR gene. Patients with classic CF can have exocrine pancreatic insufficiency or pancreatic sufficiency. The disease can have a severe course with rapid progression of symptoms or a milder course with very little deterioration over time. Patients with non-classic or atypical CF have a CF phenotype in at least one organ system and a normal (<30 mmol/l) or borderline (30-60 mmol/l) sweat chloride level. In these patients confirmation of the diagnosis of CF requires detection of one disease causing mutation on each CFTR gene or direct quantification of CFTR dysfunction by nasal potential difference measurement. Non-classic CF includes patients with multiorgan or single organ involvement. Most of these patients have exocrine pancreatic sufficiency and milder lung disease. Algorithms for a structured diagnostic process are proposed.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2004

On the terminology for describing the length-force relationship and its changes in airway smooth muscle.

The observation that the length-force relationship in airway smooth muscle can be shifted along the length axis by accommodating the muscle at different lengths has stimulated great interest. In light of the recent understanding of the dynamic nature of length-force relationship, many of our concepts regarding smooth muscle mechanical properties, including the notion that the muscle possesses a unique optimal length that correlates to maximal force generation, are likely to be incorrect. To facilitate accurate and efficient communication among scientists interested in the function of airway smooth muscle, a revised and collectively accepted nomenclature describing the adaptive and dynamic nature of the length-force relationship will be invaluable. Setting aside the issue of underlying mechanism, the purpose of this article is to define terminology that will aid investigators in describing observed phenomena. In particular, we recommend that the term "optimal length" (or any other term implying a unique length that correlates with maximal force generation) for airway smooth muscle be avoided. Instead, the in situ length or an arbitrary but clearly defined reference length should be used. We propose the usage of "length adaptation" to describe the phenomenon whereby the length-force curve of a muscle shifts along the length axis due to accommodation of the muscle at different lengths. We also discuss frequently used terms that do not have commonly accepted definitions that should be used cautiously.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Toward an understanding of developmental coordination disorder: terminological and diagnostic issues.

Awareness of children who experience unexpected difficulty in the acquisition of motor skills has increased dramatically over the last twenty years. Although the positing of a distinct syndrome has proven seminal in provoking further questions, several basic terminological problems remain unresolved. In this paper, we conduct a component analysis of the three, principal competing labels for this disorder, two of them being elements derived from systematic diagnostic frameworks. Our preference for the DSM IV term Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is stated and justified. Problems in diagnosis are discussed, especially in relation to the etiology-dominated medical model. We argue that an attempt should be made to identify (pathological) positive signs that can reliably be detected rather than relying entirely on normative evidence of a lack of skills exhibited by other children of the same age. The high degree of overlap between DCD and other developmental disorders suggests that DCD might not constitute a distinct syndrome. In this context, we emphasize the need to determine whether incoordination takes a different form when it occurs alone or whether it is combined with general developmental delay or with other specific disorders in children of normal intelligence.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Classification and terminology of neck dissections.

With the proliferation of operations designed to treat cervical metastatic nodal disease, it has become ever apparent for the need to more clearly and precisely communicate the location of the metastatic cervical nodes and the specific surgery performed. To this end, this paper reviews the variety of operations and the resultant confusing terminology that has emerged over the past five decades. It is suggested that a simplified technology be used that specifically describes the nodal levels dissected, the relevant nonlymphatic structures removed, and those structures that are preserved. It is also suggested that the new imaging-based nodal classification be used to standardize the definition of the nodal levels. It is hoped that this approach will eliminate many of the often confusing and nondescriptive terms and there by facilitate better inter-physician and inter-institutional communication.

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

The bipolar unipolar dichotomy and the need for a consistent terminology.

A division of the major psychotic affective disorders into a bipolar (true manic-depressive) and unipolar (recurrent depressive or recurrent manic) group represents a clear advance in the classificatory work of affective illness which had been suffering from stagnation. Several investigations have already contributed provocative findings which support the heuristic value of this distinction. However, to be reliable a separation of bipolar from unipolar affective disorders must rely upon clear-cut definitions of the labels to be used in order to avoid inconsistency in terminology hampering the reliability of our findings.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1994

Delusional misidentification: a plea for an agreed terminology and classification.

Since the publication of the seminal paper by Capgras and Reboul-Lachaux more than a dozen varieties of delusional misidentification have been reported in the psychiatric and neurological literature. Although subjected to increasingly sophisticated scrutiny, continuing confusion and disagreement over terminology, delineation of phenomenology and nosology hamper the systematic study of these phenomena.

Capgras Syndrome↗
PubMed1976

So-called "central retinal vein occlusion". I. Pathogenesis, terminology, clinical features.

Pathogenesis of occlusion of the central retinal vessels, based on experimental and clinical findings, is discussed. It suggests that the so-called "central retinal vein occlusion" represents not only occlusion of the central retinal vein but also retinal arterial ischemia. Based on this pathogenesis the following terminology is recommended for central retinal vascular occlusion: (a) Ischemic retinopathy is due to occlusion of the central retinal artery. (b) Venous stasis retinopathy is due to occlusion of the central retinal vein alone. (c) Hemorrhagic retinopathy is due to occlusion of the central retinal vein associated with retinal ischemia. Clinical findings of (b) and (c) are compared which indicate that the two conditions are distinct entities and unfortunately so far have been dumped under a common heading of so-called "central retinal vein occlusions". Such a distinction is extremely important before any attempts are made to evaluate their natural history or effects of any therapy on them.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function.

The terminology of lower urinary tract function will be standardized by the ICS. This report contains the recommendations dealing with urinary incontinence, procedures related to the evaluation of urine storage (cystometry, urethral closure pressure profile) and units of measurement.

Compliance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The terminology of transient visual loss due to vascular insufficiency.

Transient visual loss due to cerebro-ocular vascular disease is a common symptom. The purpose of this paper is to present a unified terminology of the monocular vs. binocular or homonymous types. Lack of proper identification may lead to mis-diagnosis and improper management of these entities. Monocular blurred vision must be investigated since its origin is so commonly due to atherosclerosis of the carotid system. Binocular blurred vision due to vertebro-basilar insufficiency is managed conservatively in almost all instances.

Blindness↗
PubMed1975

A guide to the use of Procedural Terminology for Psychiatrists.

The author emphasizes the potential benefits to patients, physicians, and third-party payers from systematic specification of services rendered by psychiatrists in direct patient care. Procedural Terminology for Psychiatrists provides a reporting system that appropriately reflects variations in skill, complexity, and levels of patient care services. The author suggest that reporting on the basis of specific procedures is an essential aspect in assuring quality care.

Books↗
PubMed1989

Current procedural terminology codes for psychiatric services.

Physicians' Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) is the system most commonly recognized by third-party payers for describing medical services in numerical codes for subsequent reimbursement. Adequate description of psychiatric services using CPT codes is an ongoing challenge. Psychiatrists have responded to the demands of third-party payers and peer review organizations for documentation and accountability by billing for specific services rather than by designating all care as psychotherapy. The authors present guidelines for using CPT codes to describe inpatient and outpatient psychiatric services and consultation. They also discuss continuing controversies, including regional diversity in the interpretation of codes by third-party payers, the risks of "gaming" the coding process, and the use of CPT codes by non-physician providers and the consequent mixing of data on service charges.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1993

The new US health care plan of 1993 and its terminology.

The Clinton Administration is moving toward a fundamental change in the United States health care system. President Bill Clinton made the issue of health care reform one of his top campaign priorities and promised to introduce a reform proposal for consideration in 1993. To that end, he asked his wife, Hillary Clinton, to lead the newly established Health Care Reform Task Force as it develops alternatives and the plan for health reform as promised to be introduced in 1993. While some uncertainty exists regarding how President Clinton will differ from candidate Clinton, current indications are that the health care reform will be somewhere between "incremental reform' which the opposition Republican Party favours, and the 'Single Payor/Canadian Style' approaches under which the federal government would take over most responsibilities now carried out by private health insurance companies. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the health reform plan, and to present the specialised terminology that is growing from the health reform initiatives.

Health Care Reform↗
PubMed1991

Terminology and methods in the education of the deaf. Questions for the experts.

As an outsider interested in the methodologies currently used to educate deaf children, I have many questions about the ambiguous terminology, continuing controversies, and lack of unbiased, scientific research. The questions concern issues such as the difference between Deaf and deaf, the feasibility of the ASL/ESL proposal, and the disappointing lack of definitive answers and unbiased evidence favoring any one particular method.

Deafness↗
PubMed1979

Lung sound terminology in case reports.

Terms used to describe lung sounds in published case reports were tabulated, including qualifying adjectives. Seven journals were reviewed, and a total of 663 case reports were included. From the frequency of usage and similarity of qualifying adjectives it appears that "rales" and "crepitations" are equivalent terms. Many authors feel the need to qualify "rales": sixteen descriptive adjectives were encountered. Some authors distinguish between "rhonchus" and "wheeze," but the terms, for most, appear to mean the same thing. It is evident that current usage varies widely, even in the terminology of the basic categories of sounds.

Auscultation↗
PubMed1984

Survey of adventitious lung sound terminology in case reports.

Descriptions of adventitious lung sounds in the case reports of eight authoritative medical journals from 1978 through 1982 were tabulated in an effort to identify recent changes in terminology. Adventitious lung sounds were described in 590 case reports. During the five years surveyed, there was a decrease in usage of the term, "rales," and an increase in usage of the terms, "crackles" and "wheezes." Usage of the terms, "rhonchi" and "crepitations," did not significantly change in frequency over the five years surveyed; however, when compared to a previous survey, usage of the term, "crepitations," has declined. British journals predominantly use the terms, "crackles" and "wheezes," to describe adventitious lung sounds. Although American journals most often use the terms, "rales," "wheezes," and "rhonchi," the term, "crackles," is increasing in usage.

England↗