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PubMed1975

Trisomy 18. A temporal bone report.

Since Edwards first described the trisomy 17-18 syndrome in 1960, the findings in the temporal bones of only four patients with this condition have been reported. They varied widely, ranging from a normal temporal bone, to severe malformations of both the middle and inner ear structures. This study describes the temporal bone findings in a patient with this syndrome. Many of the abnormalities described previously were present as well as the following unreported findings: complete bony atresia of the external canal, an aberrant tensor tympani muscle that did not insert into the malleus but rather attached to a dehiscent area in the Fallopian canal, wide short utricular and saccular ducts, and a widely patent cochlear aqueduct. There was also a developmental arrest of the membranous structures within the cochlea that probably occurred during the 12th week of fetal life.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1977

Temporal bone: a tomographic anatomic study.

The complex anatomy of the temporal bone has been illustrated in a tomographic histologic correlative study. All the tomographic cuts were made in AP, basal and lateral projections of temporal bone specimens. These were decalcified, sectioned, stained and then correlated with the original tomographic studies.

Cochlea↗
PubMed1995

[Area and volume relationship of temporal bone air cells].

The area and volume of the air cell system of fifty normal temporal bones were investigated. The area on a plain X-ray, Sonnenkalb projection, was measured by a planimetric method and a rectangular dimensional method by Imai in 1978. The volumes of the temporal bone air cells on high-resolution CT were calculated separately as partial volumes divided in all CT planes. The sum of the partial volumes was calculated as the total volume of the air cells. The relationship between the area and the total volume of the air cell system was analyzed statistically. The ratio of the partial spatial volume, e.g. the tympanic cavity and the apical air space, to the total volume of the temporal bone air cells was also calculated. The results were as follows: 1) The relationship between the two measurements were as follows: planimetric method, Y = 0.901X - 2.26 (r = 0.885), and rectangular dimensional method, Y = 0.542X - 2.57 (r = 0.876). 2) The ratio of the volume of the tympanic cavity to the total volume of the air cell system was 6.74 +/- 4.07%. The larger the total volume, the smaller the ratio. 3) The ratio of the apical space was 7.09 +/- 4.98%, and the larger the total volume, the larger the ratio.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Ribonucleases may limit recovery of ribonucleic acids from archival human temporal bones.

Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for actin was detected in celloidin-embedded archival human temporal bone sections with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Actin mRNA was detected in 10% of sections analyzed. One possible reason for this modest detection incidence is enzymatic degradation of RNA by exogenously introduced ribonucleases (RNases). We have identified steps of the temporal bone processing protocol for archival storage in which exogenous RNases could be introduced to the tissue, and have verified that the bone sections are exposed to these enzymes. We have demonstrated that implementing precautions to minimize exogenous RNase contamination during processing improves recovery of intact RNA. This study indicates that although gene expression analysis of archival human temporal bones may be limited by enzymatic degradation of RNA, simple modification of processing protocol can improve yield of informative data.

Actins↗
PubMed1985

Epidermoidomas of the cerebellopontine angle and temporal bone: CT and MR aspects.

Epidermoidomas were found in four locations within and adjacent to the temporal bone: cerebellopontine angle, petrous apex, facial geniculate ganglion region, and tympanic-mastoid cavity. Lesions in each of these locations presented different clinical and imaging characteristics. Cerebellopontine angle epidermoidomas were seen on computed tomography (CT) as low-attenuation masses in the posterior fossa. Petrous apex and geniculate ganglion region lesions destroyed and expanded the bone of their respective regions. Tympanic-mastoid cavity epidermoidomas were relatively nonspecific, soft-tissue masses. CT study of the brain and temporal bone was the single most informative imaging procedure in the preoperative evaluation of these lesions. Magnetic resonance images complemented CT scans for evaluation of the size and extent of the abnormality but were relatively nonspecific and did not allow preoperative differentiation of epidermoidomas from other temporal bone lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Radiographic assessment of squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone usually presents with tumor and edema occluding the external auditory canal. Accurate evaluation of the extent of such a tumor is therefore difficult. Assessment of these tumors and subsequent surgical management depends primarily on the preoperative radiographic findings. This paper discusses the evolution of the radiographic assessment of carcinomas of the ear canal. Certain cases have been selected to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of the radiographic studies in use. Mastoid x-ray views and petrous tomograms have been the standard methods of studying these lesions. Their interpretation, however, often exaggerates or underestimates the true extent of these carcinomas. Early and later generation computed tomography (CT) scans offered improvement in determining tumor involvement but still did not give the needed detail for surgical planning. High-resolution CT scanning of the petrous bones now offers the surgeon excellent views of these tumors. This paper places special emphasis on this technique and also discusses indications for operability.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Desmoplastic fibroma of the temporal bone.

An unusual case of a desmoplastic fibroma of the temporal bone is presented. Although classified benign, this intraosseous lesion exhibits local aggressiveness and has a high potential for recurrence. This rare condition occurs predominantly in the mandible and in the long bones and is seldom seen in the calvarium. Here we add another case to the previously described eight in the skull and this is the fourth such case reported in the temporal bone. The clinical features, radiology, histopathology and the therapeutic considerations of this lesion in a 72-year-old female are discussed. In addition, a literature review of all the cases affecting the skull bones is presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Histopathology of the temporal bone following multichannel cochlear implantation.

The temporal bone histopathologic findings of a patient having received a Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant (Cochlear Corp, Englewood, Colo) following bilateral transverse otic capsule fractures is presented. The case was complicated by perilymph fistulas, labyrinthitis, meningitis, and death due to drowning. The left cochlea revealed complete labyrinthitis ossificans; the implanted right cochlea demonstrated new bone formation in the basal turn of the scala tympani, degeneration of the organ of Corti, but normal ganglion cell counts. Results of psychophysical and speech perception 4 months after implantation are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Hemangiopericytoma of the temporal bone.

Hemangiopericytomas are uncommon soft tissue tumors. While their occurrence in sinuses and soft tissues around the ear is well documented, there are no reports of primary involvement of the temporal bone. This article discusses the case of a 21 year old patient who had a right temporal angioblastic meningioma resected and presented two years later with a hemangiopericytoma that extensively involved the right temporal bone and external auditory canal. In review, the "meningioma" had the same histological features as the auditory tumor and it was evident that both lesions resulted from the growth of a hemangiopericytoma arising from the intracranial aspect of the temporal bone. Electron microscopic examination of the tumor proved useful in making the diagnosis and in evaluating the cytological features that influence prognosis and treatment. Temporal bone involvement was a major problem and the opportunity is taken to document this rare occurrence and to discuss the biological behavior, pathological characteristics, and differential diagnosis of these neoplasms.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The temporal bones from Sima de los Huesos Middle Pleistocene site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). A phylogenetic approach.

Three well-preserved crania and 22 temporal bones were recovered from the Sima de los Huesos Middle Pleistocene site up to and including the 1994 field season. This is the largest sample of hominid temporal bones known from a single Middle Pleistocene site and it offers the chance to characterize the temporal bone morphology of an European Middle Pleistocene population and to study the phylogenetic relationships of the SH sample with other Upper and Middle Pleistocene hominids. We have carried out a cladistic analysis based on nine traits commonly used in phylogenetic analysis of Middle and Late Pleistocene hominids: shape of the temporal squama superior border, articular eminence morphology, contribution of the sphenoid bone to the median glenoid wall, postglenoid process projection, tympanic plate orientation, presence of the styloid process, mastoid process projection, digastric groove morphology and anterior mastoid tubercle. We have found two autapomorphies on the Home erectus temporal bone: strong reduction of the postglenoid process and absence of the styloid process. Modern humans, Neandertals and the Middle Pleistocene fossils from Europe and Africa constitute a clade characterized by a convex superior border of the temporal squama. The European Middle Pleistocene fossils from Sima de los Huesos, Petralona, Steinheim, Bilzingsleben and Castel di Guido share a Neandertal apomorphy: a relatively flat articular eminence. The fossils from Ehringsdorf, La Chaise Suardi and Biache-Saint-Vaast also display another Neandertal derived trait: an anteriorly obliterated digastric groove. Modern humans and the African Middle Pleistocene fossils share a synapomorphy: a sagittally orientated tympanic plate.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cholesteatomatous otitis media: histopathological changes. A post mortem study on temporal bones.

The histopathological changes in the temporal bones of 3 deceased donors individuals with concomitant chronic cholesteatomatous otitis media have been studied. The different forms of cholesteatoma are analyzed: the primary congenital, the primary acquired and the secondary acquired. The different clinical relevance and the different therapeutic guidelines are discussed.

Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Otosclerosis and cochlear otosclerosis: a post mortem study on temporal bones.

We have chosen among many temporal bones of donors deceased individuals with concomitant otosclerosis, three particular cases, one with classic otosclerosis, another with cochlear otosclerosis with concomitant oval window ankylosis and another with cochlear otosclerosis without stapes fixation. The different histopathologic features are discussed and clinical and therapeutical guidelines are proposed.

Cochlear Diseases↗
PubMed2003

Temporal bone histopathological and quantitative analysis of mitochondrial DNA in MELAS.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Although hearing loss is common in MELAS (syndrome of mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes), the histopathology of the temporal bone has not been reported. The majority of cases of MELAS are linked to a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation at nucleotide 3243. In MELAS, normal mtDNA and mutant mtDNA coexist in a heteroplasmic manner. The purpose of the study was to report the otopathological findings from two patients with MELAS and quantitative mtDNA analysis in the inner ear of one of these patients. STUDY DESIGN: Basic scientific histopathological examination and quantitative mtDNA analysis of the temporal bone. METHODS: Temporal bones were embedded in celloidin and sectioned for light microscopic study. Graphic reconstruction of the cochlea was performed using the method described by Schuknecht. For quantitative mtDNA analysis, total DNA from the membranous part of the inner ear was collected, amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and digested with the restriction enzyme. The percentage of mutant/total mtDNA was measured by the ratio of fluorescence intensity. RESULTS: Histopathological examination revealed severe degeneration of the stria vascularis and degenerative change of spiral ganglion cells in both patients. The quantitative DNA studies showed that the proportion of mutant to wild-type mtDNA was similar in both histologically affected and histologically unaffected tissues within the inner ear. CONCLUSION: Dysfunction of the stria vascularis and spiral ganglion cells causes sensorineural hearing loss in MELAS.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

MR of benign chondroblastoma of the temporal bone.

A benign chondroblastoma of the temporal bone in an 8-year-old boy is reported. Head CT showed an expansile mass with calcifications in the center. The tumor appeared as a well-lobulated, hypointense intraosseous mass on T1-weighted brain MR; it was isointense to brain parenchyma on intermediate-weighted images and enhanced homogenously with gadolinium.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three-dimensional imaging of the temporal bone using a helical CT scan and its application in patients with cochlear implantation.

Recent advanced techniques for the reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) images allow further visual recognition of the fine structures of the temporal bone. We demonstrate the advantages of reconstruction 3D imaging in helical CT scans of the normal temporal bone and in patients who have received cochlear implants. After the temporal bone was scanned in the axial plane in the helical scan mode, the data were transferred to a workstation and 3D reconstruction was performed. The normal temporal bone structures were well recognized on these 3D images. The spatial relationship between the lymphatic space of the inner ear and the electrode array is visible. This method provides a detailed anatomy of the insertion of the electrodes into the cochlea and provides precise images of electrode routes by means of varying the angles of view on the computer display. Individual electrodes could not be distinguished. The information from 3D images may be useful not only for pre-but also postoperative investigations in cochlear implantation.

Cochlear Implants↗
PubMed1984

A histological comparison of the temporal bone in strangulation and drowning.

The temporal bones from a two year old drowning victim are compared with those of a 13 month old strangulation victim. Tympanomastoid hemorrhage and submucosal edema and petechiae with moderate vascular congestion were characteristic in drowning. Marked congestion with edema but no sign of hemorrhage was found in strangulation. It is concluded that respiratory effort against a closed glottis is not solely responsible for the tympanomastoid hemorrhage known to occur frequently as a result of drowning.

Airway Obstruction↗