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At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

White-throated sparrow morphs that differ in song production rate also differ in the anatomy of some song-related brain areas.

White-throated sparrows are unusual among songbirds in that they occur in two color morphs, white-striped and tan-striped, determined by a chromosomal inversion and maintained by negative assortative mating. These differ in several reproductive behaviors, including amount of singing: white-striped males sing frequently, tan-striped females never sing, and tan-striped males and white-striped females sing an intermediate amount. The present study measures the volumes of several nuclei in the avian song system and relates these to color morph and to sex. We find that robustus archistristalis and the tracheosyringeal part of the hypoglossal nucleus, nuclei closely involved in song production, are larger in white-striped than in tan-striped birds. We also find morph differences for nuclei in the rostral division of the song system, nuclei believed to be less directly involved in song production. We find sex differences throughout the song system as has been reported in other songbirds. Relationships between structure and function in the song system are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Detection of rubella virus in fetal and placental tissues and in the throats of neonates after serologically confirmed rubella in pregnancy.

From 35 therapeutic abortions performed because rubella had occurred at 2-19 weeks of pregnancy, 120 fetal organs, 12 specimens of mixed products of conception, and 15 placentae were tested for rubella virus. Virus was isolated from 10 out of 11 fetuses (91 per cent) from women infected at 2-8 weeks, from 5 out of 8 (63 per cent) infected at 9-10 weeks, and from 2 out of 16 (13 per cent) infected at 11-19 weeks. Hybridization tests for viral RNA on 39 fetal organs from eight cases revealed infection in four additional fetuses. Virus was isolated from only 3 out of 15 aborted placentae, but hybridization tests on six placentae revealed infection in three additional specimens. Hybridization was superior to virus isolation for detecting rubella infection in products of conception and is therefore potentially the better method for examining chorionic villus biopsies. Rubella virus was isolated from the throats of 4 out of 9 infants (44 per cent) infected during the first 12 weeks of gestation, but from none of 13 infected after 17 weeks. Infants in the latter group are unlikely to infect susceptible contacts.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1994

Detection of A-type and B-type Epstein-Barr virus in throat washings and lymphocytes.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes, obtained from 94 individuals, were assayed for the presence and type of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) using primers specific for A-type and B-type EBV in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Samples from 16 individuals (17%) were negative for EBV sequences. Of the remaining individuals A-type EBV was detected in 35%, B-type in 21%, and both A- and B-type EBV in 27%. Samples of throat washings were also collected from 33 healthy donors and the presence and type of EBV was determined using PCR. EBV was not detected in 12 donors. However, of those who were excreting EBV, A-type EBV was present in 11 donors (52%), B-type in 7 donors (33%), and both A- and B-types in the remaining 3 donors (14%). These results suggest that infection with B-type EBV and coinfections with both A- and B-type EBV are more common than previously thought.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1977

[Additional post-mortem examination techniques to detect patho-morphological findings of nose and throat in cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (author's transl)].

To detect histopathological findings in nose and throat. These methods are especially advisable in cases of sudden infant death syndrome, as it could be proved, that in 25 of 30 in this manner examined cases there were inflammatory processes of different extent up to necrotic rhinitis. The morphological findings as well as the accompanying information of anamnesis and the bacteriological findings are discussed. We consider, it advisable, to make use of the described additional investigational methods.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1987

Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid in throat and cerebrospinal fluid isolates of Neisseria meningitidis.

Ten strains of Neisseria meningitidis, isolated either from cerebrospinal fluid or from throat cultures, were typed and screened for the presence of plasmid DNA. Three group C strains, isolated in the same area, each harboured a plasmid of similar molecular weight (approx. 8.5 Md). No evidence of plasmid DNA was found in the other strains (whether of the same group but isolated in another area, or of other groups).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

Clinical and pharmacokinetic studies on enoxacin in ear, nose and throat infections.

The efficacy and tolerance of enoxacin were tested in 65 patients treated for ear, nose and throat infections with doses of 400 or 600 mg b.i.d. The overall clinical efficacy of enoxacin was excellent in 32, good in 17, fair in six, and poor in five out of 60 evaluable patients. Three female patients complained of stomach pressure and one man of slight nausea, two of allergic skin reactions and one of arthromyalgia. The pharmacokinetic studies showed high enoxacin concentrations in the secretions, pus, and tissues studied, especially in those of the middle ear and the sinuses.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Rapid commercial test for direct detection of group A streptococci in throat swabs.

The Hybritech Strep A ICON was used for direct testing of 1016 throat specimens for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Both the test and culture were negative in 829 specimens (81.6%); both were positive in 164 cases (16.1%); the test was positive and culture negative in 9 cases (0.9%); and the test negative and culture positive in 14 cases (1.4%).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Adipose monoacylglycerol:acyl-coenzyme A acyltransferase activity in the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis): characterization and function in a migratory bird.

Although migrating birds use stored triacylglycerol as their primary fuel for flight, they must retain sufficient stores of omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids to sustain reproduction after the spring migration. Hepatic monoacylglycerol:acyl-coenzyme A acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.22) (MGAT) activity is associated with physiological periods in which lipolysis and beta-oxidation are prominent, and it may also play a role in the selective retention of certain essential fatty acids. Therefore, we characterized MGAT activity in adipose tissue from the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), a migratory bird. MGAT specific activity from adipose tissue and liver, respectively, was 22.2 +/- 7.27 and 0.79 +/- 0.35 nmol/min/mg of total particulate protein. Activity did not vary seasonally or between male and female birds. Specific activity increased 4.3-fold in the presence of 75 micrograms of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine (1:1, w/w). MGAT acylated sn-1(3)-monooleoylglycerol, sn-2-monooleylglycerol ether and sn-1(3)-monooleylglycerol ether at 7.5, 5.7 and 1.7%, respectively, of the rate observed with sn-2-monooleoylglycerol. An initial lag phase observed at low concentrations of palmitoyl-CoA was corrected by adding 2 mM MgCl2, Mg(NO3)2 or CaCl2, suggesting a requirement for divalent cations. MGAT acylated sn-2-monolinolenoylglycerol and sn-2-monolinoleoylglycerol in preference to sn-2-monooleoylglycerol. Specificity of MGAT for sn-2-monoacylglycerols and the probable enhanced affinity fo sn-2-monoacylglycerols of specific acyl chains may allow selected omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids to be retained within the adipocyte, while nonessential fatty acids are released for beta-oxidation in flight muscles.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed2000

Occupational exposure to nitrous oxide and desflurane during ear-nose-throat-surgery.

PURPOSE: To determine occupational exposure of the anesthesiologist and surgeon to nitrous oxide and desflurane during general anesthesia for ear-nose-throat (ENT) surgery in children and adults. METHODS: An observational clinical trial was performed in ten children (C) and ten adults (A). Tracheas were intubated, in adults, with cuffed tubes and in children with uncuffed tubes. The operating room was equipped with modern air conditioning and waste anesthetic gas scavengers. Gas samples were obtained during the operative procedure every 90 sec from the breathing zone of subjects. Time-weighted averages (TWA) over the time of exposure were calculated for nitrous oxide and desflurane. RESULTS: Nitrous oxide TWAs for anesthesiologists were 0.41 +/- 0.23 ppm (A) and 1.20 +/- 0.32 ppm (C, P < 0.0001), and 2.24 +/- 1.93 ppm (A) and 5.30 +/- 0.60 ppm (C, P = 0.0001) for the surgeon who worked close to the patient's airway and thus had higher exposure (P < 0.05 [A], P < 0.0001 [C]). With regard to desflurane, the anesthesiologists' TWAs were 0.02 +/- 0.03 ppm for both adults and children. The surgeon was exposed to 0.21 +/- 0.24 ppm desflurane (A) and 0.30 +/- 0.14 ppm (C, P: n.s.). Although the surgeon's exposure was greater (P < 0.05 [A], P < 0.0001 [C]), the threshold limits of 25 ppm for nitrous oxide and 2 ppm for desflurane recommended by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health were not exceeded. CONCLUSIONS: Under modern air conditioning, occupational exposure to inhalational anesthetics is low, and inhalational anesthesia is safe from the standpoint of modern workplace laws and health-care regulations.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Propofol for paediatric patients in ear, nose and throat surgery. Practicability, quality and cost-effectiveness of different anaesthesia procedures for adenoidectomy in infants].

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was an improvement in patient comfort, reduction of anaesthesia costs and room contamination by the use of propofol for adenoidectomy. METHODS: A total of 103 infants (aged 1-5 years) undergoing elective adenoidectomy were randomized for anaesthesia with sevoflurane-nitrous oxide/oxygen (group 1), sevoflurane-air/alfentanil (group 2), alfentanil-propofol under induction with sevoflurane (group 3) or alfentanil-propofol (group 4). RESULTS: Using propofol, postoperative agitation and emesis were significantly less and the anaesthesia costs as well as the need for analgesics was reduced compared to inhalative anaesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: The use of propofol for preschool children undergoing ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery seems to be advantageous because of less postoperative agitation, emesis and costs.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed2006

[Use of a chlorhexidine-fuchsin solution for ear, nose and throat diseases].

Castellani's solution can no longer be used for medication due to the critical status of its ingredients. A solution of chlorhexidine and fuchsin is proposed as an alternative. This has good antimicrobial effectiveness and can be used in difficult cases of otitis externa solution for the treatment of cavities after mastoidectomy. The literature indicates that the use of this solution is admissible for selected cases in the field of ear, nose and throat diseases.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2007

[Quality management: reduced waiting time and enhanced efficiency in a university ear, nose, and throat outpatient department].

BACKGROUND: The introduction of Diagnosis-Related Groups, which standardize payment for each clinical service, entails keeping the inpatient treatment as short as possible. Thus outpatient treatment is gaining in importance. To cope with this change, organizational and structural modifications of clinic routine are necessary. METHODS: In the ear, nose, and throat outpatient clinic of Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt, Germany, a hotline was established that allows patients to make appointments and get advice based on quality management guidelines according to DIN EN ISO 9001:2000. The development of this project is described here step by step, from planning to inclusion in the daily clinic routine. RESULTS: Patient visits became more effective despite increasing demand. This resulted in high satisfaction of patients and clinic personnel alike. CONCLUSION: This model may contribute considerably to coping with the increasing demand for clinic appointments and to optimal use of a clinic's human resources.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2006

[Clinical efficiency and the influence of human factors on ear, nose, and throat navigation systems].

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Navibase navigation system for ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery. A new methodology for evaluating surgical and human factors is developed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The evaluation is based on 102 ENT surgical applications, including 89 cases of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The evaluation of surgical and human factors was performed by seven ENT surgeons. To evaluate surgical performance, level of quality (LOQ) in the 89 cases of FESS was determined, comparing the surgeon's own impressions with those of the navigation system on a scale from 0 to 100 and further comparing them with clinical results. Intraoperative changes in surgical strategy were documented. The human factors of total confidence (trust), situation awareness, skill set requirement and workload shift were recorded as level of reliance (LOR). RESULTS: The maximum deviation amounted to 1.93 mm. Averaging the quality of information resulted in an LOQ of 63.59. Every second application of the navigation system (47.9%) led to a change in surgical strategy. Total confidence showed a positive evaluation of 3.35 points in LOR. CONCLUSION: Application-relevant information relevant to the application beyond only technical details permits comparison with other assisting systems.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2003

[44-year-old female patient with cutaneous rash, sore throat, fever and arthritis].

We report on a 44 year old woman with fever, cutaneous rash, severe sore throat, arthritis, leukocytosis, splenomegaly and liver dysfunction. After exclusion of an infectious or malignant disease, adult onset Still's disease was diagnosed according to the Yamaguchi criteria. Reduction of the initial treatment with corticosteroids after 4 month caused a relapse of disease. Thus methotrexate treatment was started, which resulted in improvement of symptoms and inflammatory activity.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2006

Three new species of coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriorina) from the Marble-throated skink, Marmorosphax tricolor Bavay, 1869 (Reptilia: Scincidae), endemic to New Caledonia with a taxonomic revision of Eimeria spp. from scincid hosts.

Three new species of coccidia are described from Marble-throated skink Marmorosphax tricolor from New Caledonia, namely, Isospora bocagei sp. n., Acroeimeria rouxi sp. n., and Choleoeimeria sadlieri sp.n. All species differ markedly from other eimerian coccidia described from scincid hosts. Isospora marmorosphaxi develops extra-nuclearly in small intestine. A. rouxi develops epicitoplasmatically in small intestine. C. sadlieri affects the gall bladder mucosa. Generic affiliation of Eimeria-like coccidia from reptiles is discussed and all taxa (with adequate information on endogenous development available) from scincid hosts are revised and placed into genera Acroeimeria and Choleoeimeria.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

From a sore throat to the intensive care unit: the Lemierre syndrome.

Lemierre syndrome is characterized by an acute oropharyngeal infection, suppurative thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and metastatic infections. The infection is usually caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum. We report on a 19-year-old male patient who was admitted with a five-day history of fever, sore throat and progressive dyspnea. Computed tomography of the neck and chest revealed a parapharyngeal abscess, jugular vein thrombosis, descending necrotizing mediastinitis and multiple areas of bilateral consolidation and cavitations within the lungs. Fusobacterium necrophorum was identified in the blood culture. Early combined abscess drainage with neck and chest incisions, together with broad spectrum intravenous antibiotic treatment and medical management in an intensive care unit resulted in a good clinical outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

A comparison of postoperative sore throat after use of laryngeal mask airway and tracheal tube.

PURPOSE: We compared the degree of postoperative sore throat (PST) after use of a laryngeal mask airway (LMA; by two insertion techniques) and a tracheal tube (TT) in adult patients. METHODS: Eighty-six adult patients undergoing surgery of an extremity were randomized into three groups. The LMAs (size 4 for men, 3 for women) and TTs were lubricated with 2% lidocaine gel. After the induction of anesthesia, an LMA with the cuff deflated was inserted and then the cuff was inflated in group A, an LMA with the cuff inflated was inserted in group B, and the trachea was intubated using vecuronium in group C; staff anesthesiologists performed all these methods. LMA cuffs were inflated with the maximum recommended volume of air. TT cuffs were inflated with the minimum volume of air without gas leakage at 20 cm H(2)O pressure. The mode of ventilation depended on the individual anesthesiologists. Blood traces on the devices were examined after their removal. PST was rated immediately after anesthesia and on the first postoperative day, using a three-point score and a 100-mm visual analog scale, respectively. RESULTS: Most of the patients receiving an LMA breathed spontaneously and those receiving a TT underwent controlled ventilation. The ratio of positive blood traces on devices, as well as the degree of PST immediately after anesthesia, was similar in the three groups; however, on the first postoperative day, the severity of PST was greater in the LMA groups than in the TT group ( P = 0.016). The severity of PST was similar with the two LMA insertion techniques. CONCLUSION: In the conditions of our study, LMAs inserted with the cuff either fully inflated or deflated worsened PST compared with TTs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The role of the ear, nose and throat specialist in diagnosing headaches.

The revised International Headache Society classification (2004) represents a very good reference also for ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialists and can be largely shared. The authors follow the classification outline and comment on the chapters of ENT interest. The classification leaves unsolved problems and most of them are of ENT competence, such as mucosal contact point headache. It will be a task for ENT specialists to clarify the real role of very hypothetical primary forms frequently assigned to diagnosis without a correct rationale.

Ear↗