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Determination of alpha- and beta-hydroxycarbonyls and dicarbonyls in snow and rain samples by GC/FID and GC/MS employing benzyl hydroxyl oxime derivatization

A flame ionization detector (FID) combined with capillary gas chromatography (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has been used to identify multifunctional carbonyls in wet precipitation samples. The carbonyl groups were first derivatized to O-benzylhydroxyloxime (BH oxime) by using O-benzylhydroxylamine. The BH oxime derivatives were then treated with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide for the hydroxyl group to derive their TMS ethers. The BH oxime/TMS derivatives were measured using GC/FID as well as GC/MS on positive EI and CI (isobutane was used as CI gas) modes. Three groups of carbonyl compounds (monoaldehydes, dicarbonyls, hydroxycarbonyls) were identified in the samples by using this method. We have identified, for the first time, a group of alpha- and beta-hydroxycarbonyls, glycolaldehyde, hydroxyacetone, and 4-hydroxy-2-butanone, in wet precipitation samples. Concentrations of hydroxycarbonyls ranged from 0.9 to 53.8 microg/L in the precipitation samples. Their concentration level is similar to that of low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids, which have been reported as major water-soluble organic compounds in rain.

Journal Article↗

Boiling snow in north Romania.

One day Andy Beazley was a busy dentist, the next he found himself setting off for a week in a Romanian children's hospital, loaded to the brim with blankets, bedding and toys. When he goes back in March, he hopes to take a couple of Portakabins and some drainage equipment. What did he discover while he was there and how healthy are Romanian teeth?

Child↗

Snow-white teeth.

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Dental Porcelain↗