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PubMed1989

[Compliance of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (juvenile diabetes mellitus)].

Compliance has a main influence on quality of metabolic control of juvenile diabetics and on prognosis in course of illness. This study examines specific problematic spheres in treatment of type-1-diabetics and tries to identify reasons for non-compliance behaviour. The study includes 60 type-1 diabetics between 10 and 16 years of age by a compliance-self-report questionnaire. Results show diet, self-control and parts of insulin-therapy to be problematic treatment components. Differential effects with regard to sex, age and duration of illness have been found. As main reasons for non-compliance, social circumstances, states of emotion, overcharge and lack of information have been identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cognitive-behavioral psychology and oral hygiene. A new perspective on an old problem.

This article describes the application of learning principles derived from behavioral and cognitive psychology to oral hygiene. It reviews the theoretical basis of a plaque prevention approach based on psychological models of self-control behavior. This approach was derived from research on learning environments, interviewing, behavior modification, and cognitive psychology.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1989

Effects of the lipolysis inhibiting agent beta-pyridylcarbinol (Ronicol) in acute myocardial ischaemia.

The antilipolytic, nicotinic acid analogue beta-pyridylcarbinol (Ronicol) has previously been reported to decrease the free fatty acid (FFA) concentration of the arteria-blood, and to moderate the FFA-uptake and O2-consumption of the myocardium; on this basis, the drug may be expected to exert a cardioprotective action. The cardiac effects of Ronicol were therefore studied on a self-control, 'single-vessel' coronary artery ligature dog model. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was prepared in the in situ heart of anaesthetized, thoracotomized animals. Following the control ligation, a stabilization period and Ronicol infusion (1 mg/kg iv. during 10 minutes), the LAD was repeatedly ligated. The duration of the individual occlusions was 10 minutes. Ronicol significantly decreased the arterial FFA concentration and the epicardial ST segment elevation; its antilipolytic and anti-ischaemic effects were protracted and were still observed 120 minutes after pretreatment. The drug did not decrease the inhomogeneity of ventricular depolarization in the ischaemic myocardium and in the dose applied it had no influence on the heart rate, arterial blood pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and left ventricular contractility (LV dP/dtmax). In the canine myocardial infarction model employed it was observed that the duration of the anti-ischaemic effect of Ronicol (1 mg/kg iv.) is about 120 minutes. It has the advantage that it does not possess the unwanted cardiovascular side-effects displayed by nicotinic acid observed by us too in this model earlier (Cardiol. Hung. 13, 33-41, 1984).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical analysis of 47 cases of epilepsy].

This article makes a clinical analyses of the general data concerning 47 epileptic cases in our hospital, and especially reports on the forensic psychiatric assessment of two out of the seven criminal cases, their history of illness and responsibility. In the assessment of such cases, special emphasis should be laid on the diagnosis of the epilepsy so as to avoid misdiagnosis. The author suggests that the patient folds no responsibility for his criminal behaviour during the attack. But he should be responsible in a diminished criminal for his criminal behavior when he is only suffering from a personality disorder, since he has some discriminative and self-control ability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Psychologic reactions of patients at the announcement of a treatment plan for cancer of the breast. Apropos of 6 exemplary case reports].

Basing our clinical study on six typical cases, the different types of psychological responses to the announcement of the treatment options for patients with breast cancer are analysed by their frequency: anxiety with self-control, shunning of reality, questioning, anxiety attack, negation of the diagnosis or negation of the usefulness of the treatment. This classification allows the physician to recognize and analyse better the patient's reactions in order to establish the essential reciprocal trust for their complete observance to the most efficient treatment. Anxiety, linked to the meaning of the word cancer, is the most important component. The different reactions are caused by the patient psychological defenses mechanisms. As for the treatment, the real difficulty is to differentiate anxiety from reactional depression and from true depression. Treatment of anxiety should not be systematic and begins by reassuring the patient with a better patient-physician relationship.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Personality traits and hyperactive behavior].

The hyperactive child has traditionally been considered impulsive rather out of self-control, anxious, problematic as regards his/her interpersonal relationships, and highlystrung. In this paper, we aim to prove the existence of these traits by analyzing them from a psychometric perspective, and starting from Cattell's theory of traits. We have worked with a sample of 130 hyperactive children and 79 control individuals, aged six to ten, who were diagnosed according to DSM III criteria. We have used the CPQ and ESPQ tests. The data were submitted to a contrast of differences. The results agree with the hypothesis proposed.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Efficiency of multimodal smoking cessation therapy combining transdermal nicotine substitution with behavioral therapy.

Effects of smoking cessation treatment combining transdermal nicotine substitution with behavioral therapy were investigated in three studies. A total of 535 smokers underwent 9 weeks of behavioral self-control treatment. For 7 weeks, groups with transdermal nicotine substitution received in addition nicotine patches that continuously released nicotine through the skin into the circulatory system. The effects of treatment were measured by daily cigarette consumption. Subjects additionally treated with transdermal nicotine substitution reached significantly higher abstinence rates by the end of treatment and during the follow-up period than control subjects. The results thus indicate enhanced therapeutic effectiveness of transdermal nicotine substitution.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1989

Does an insulin pen improve the metabolic control of type 1 diabetes mellitus if added to conventional treatment?

This study concerns the metabolic control of 19 type 1 diabetic patients during 3 consecutive periods of 4 months. All patients were well trained in self-control and self-regulation. During the first period, the previous treatment regimen consisting of diet and injections once or twice daily of short-acting and intermediate-acting insulin was intensified. During the 2nd period, an insulin pen, filled with short-acting insulin, was added to the treatment. The patients were advised to use this pen every time the blood glucose concentration exceeded 10 mmol/l or when this was expected; extra attention was paid to the lunch time and afternoon snacks. During the 3rd period, the use of the insulin pen was stopped but, just as in the 1st period, adjustments with short-acting insulin using normal syringes were allowed. The total daily dose of insulin remained unchanged throughout the entire study. The relative proportion of short-acting insulin increased from 25 to 34%, a quarter of which was injected by the insulin pen during period 2. The HbA1 % decreased steadily from 12.8 +/- 2.0 to 10.6 +/- 1.3 (P less than 0.001) during the first 2 periods and remained unchanged thereafter. The blood glucose concentration measured 7 times during the day twice monthly showed the greatest fall during the 1st period with only a minor extra fall during the 2nd period, and no further statistical drop during the last period. None of the patients had any problems using the insulin pen and 15 of 19 patients resumed its use after the end of the study. It is concluded that the improvement of glycaemic control was due to the intensified attention and not to the use of the insulin pen per se.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Prevention of diabetes mellitus].

Problems dealing with the current status of diabetes prevention are discussed. Data on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the main types of diabetes is presented which is based on the original research and international experience in the primary and secondary prophylaxis of this disease. The necessity of an integrated approach to the prophylaxis of diabetes and other chronic non-infectious diseases is emphasized stemming from the concept of common risk factors. The efficacy of programmes on the diet correction in the primary prophylaxis, populational health study, use of automated systems for the determination of risk groups and primary prophylaxis in them, and the system of diabetics' self-control are analysed.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Coping behavior in women with miscarriage or spontaneous abortion and recurrent spontaneous abortion].

In a pilot study about medical, psychological and psychosocial factors in spontaneous and recurrent spontaneous abortions, coping strategies of 83 women were investigated and compared with a control group (n = 69). Two further subgroups were selected (31 women with recurrent spontaneous abortions and 30 without pregnancy complications). A modified form of a stress-investigation-scale (SVF from Janke et al.) was used. The results indicated that women with spontaneous abortions had increased depressive and lowered positive and cognitive coping modes. According to the hypothesis most psychological disturbances and depressive coping strategies were found in recurrent spontaneous abortions. In pregnancy depressive withdrawal, need of social support and information seeking was further increased, but emotional self-control lowered. A connection between psychological disturbances and negative coping strategies was shown. After pregnancy loss psychological support and building up positive and efficient coping strategies are therefore indicated.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1989

[Therapeutic problems of patients with diabetes mellitus after total pancreatectomy].

Followed were 11 patients after total pancreatectomy (for carcinoma--6 patients, for sequelae of the chronic pancreatitis--5 patients), aged 52-62 years. The follow-up period ranged 5 months up to 4 years. All pacreatomized patients had diabetes needing insulin administration, although the need for insulin decreased with time down to 16-40 units/24 hours after one year. The diabetes was rather brittle with high incidence of hypoglycaemia. In 7 patients keeping exact records the incidence of hypoglycaemic events was 16-24 within the first month, 9-16 in the third month following pancreatectomy. In two patients death was due to the severe hypoglycaemia developing in the later postoperative period. The observations call for a necessary "intensive metabolic care" of every patient, totally pancreatomised. This intensive metabolic care must include not only careful instructing the patients but also his or her family how to behave in a totally different metabolic condition of the patient. Self-control, including blood sugar estimation several times a day gets special importance.

Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring↗
PubMed1989

[Personal experience in the therapy of diabetes mellitus].

Our aim was to investigate and establish the methods and therapeutic procedures as well as their efficiency and success in the diabetic patients in the community of Tuzla and region of north-east Bosnia. We found that 61,32% percent of our patients were treated with oral antidiabetic medicines; 23,68% percent by the special diet and only 14,16% percent of diabetics were treated by insulin. The treatment was successful in 73,65% percent of our patients and without any effect in 26,35% percent. We found different causes of unsuccessful treatment and some of them are: the low cultural and educational level of the inhabitants, inadequate dietal nutrition, unregular and insufficient control and self-control of the patients and also inadequate treatment: 1. refusal of insulin therapy and 2. insufficient usage of antidiabetic medicines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The effect of different dosages of a transdermal nicotine substitution system on the success rate of smoking cessation therapy.

The effectiveness of different nicotine dosages on abstinence rates was investigated in a smoking cessation study. One hundred smokers underwent nine weeks of self-controlled treatment based on behavioral principles. The overall group was divided into two subgroups randomized according to sex, cigarette consumption and age. The first group (n = 51) was given a nicotine dose adapted to daily cigarette consumption. The second group (n = 49) was given a standardized dose. There was, unexpectedly, no difference between the two groups in respect to short-term abstinence rates. These results suggest that standardized dosage is preferred to individually adapted dosage.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of an ever-young pill on decreased intelligence and symptoms associated with aging].

A test was carried out to evaluate the effect of Ever-Young Pill (EYP) on decreased fluid intelligence and symptoms associated with aging. Nootropil and placebo were used as control drugs. Random, single-blind and self-control observation methods were applied. 90 days were spent for the clinical study. 154 older persons were divided into three groups (EYP 63, nootropil 60, placebo 31). The method of measuring intelligence was talking between man and computer. The computerized program was worked out by our department. The measure included eight parameters. A semi-quantitative method was used to evaluate the symptoms of aging. The main results were as follows: In the group of EYP, there were significant differences (P less than 0.01) in speed of calculation (SC, 5.92 +/- 2.5, 5.1 +/- 2.1), speed of digits and pictures (SDP, 24.2 +/- 6.2, 21.7 +/- 6.7), two digits span (2.8 +/- 1.0, 3.2 +/- 0.8) and other two parameters before and after treatment. In the group of nootropil, SDP and SC were also improved significantly. In the normal control's there was not any evident change. In the early declined health group treated with EYP and nootropil separately, four parameters were improved in each group. The best effect of EYP obtained was on Kidney Yang deficiency and Kidney and Heart Qi Yang deficiency Syndromes. In other syndromes, the results were less satisfactory. By using EYP for treating symptoms of aging the total effective rate was 96.8%, nootropil 71.7% and placebo 44.2%. There were noticeable differences in three groups. Those results suggested that EYP was one of the effective therapies for decreased fluid intelligence with aging.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The risk of alcohol abuse among college students].

Using MMPI and A. Ruth Engs, questionnaire 493 female and male college students were evaluated. It was found that the alcohol abuse was accompanied by factors like: anxiety, impulsiveness, weak self-control, and low self-esteem. The high negative variability exists between all scales of risk, the attitude towards oneself, and educational achievements.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Comparative two-phase clinicopharmacological trial of a new antihistaminic, EGYT-2062, setastine.

During the two-phase clinicopharmacological trial in humans of a new antihistaminic compound EGYT-2062, setastine developed by EGIS Pharmaceutical Company, Budapest, was tested the tolerance to the drug, its pharmacodynamic effect by i. c. histamine and acetylcholine tests, and its effect on the CNS by neuropsychiatric examination on eight healthy volunteers. The side-effects appearing during treatment were recorded. A self-controlled blind study was performed. The reference compound was clemastine. Based on the results, for prolonged use a dose of 2 mg three times/day (t.i.d.) is recommended. The antihistaminic effect of setastine almost equalled that of clemastine given in a dose of 1 mg t.i.d., while its antiacetylcholine effect exceeded it, and in view of its few psychic side-effects, might be tolerated better than clemastine.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1989

Is my child normal yet? Correlates of vulnerability.

There are some children whose parents believe them to be unusually susceptible to medical or developmental problems--"vulnerable"--despite a lack of objective evidence of any difficulty. The "vulnerable child syndrome" refers to a constellation of behaviors that are thought to develop as a result of this excessive parental anxiety and subsequent difficulties in limit setting. In this study, the sense of vulnerability expressed by mothers concerning their healthy 3-year-old children is explored; children born prematurely and with considerable neonatal morbidity are compared with children born at full-term. Sense of vulnerability is assessed through the use of a simple instrument, the use and validity of which are described. Mothers of premature infants described a significantly greater sense of vulnerability concerning their children than did mothers of full-term infants. Mothers with more education described a greater sense of vulnerability than did less well-educated mothers, although mothers who claimed greater well-being and marital satisfaction described a lesser sense of vulnerability. Mothers with a greater sense of vulnerability concerning their children also reported more behavior problems, especially in the sphere of discipline, peer relationships and self-control, and in internalizing and somatic symptoms. Pediatricians can intervene in the development of the vulnerable child syndrome by recognizing those children at special risk and helping their parents to nurture their health and independence.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1988

[Long-term effects of a combination of transdermal nicotine administration with behavior therapy for smoking cessation].

Effects of a transdermal nicotine substitution on psychological smoking cessation were investigated in a double-blind prospective study. 131 smokers have been randomly assigned to three treatment conditions: All smokers underwent nine weeks of self-controlled smoking cessation. During 6 weeks one group was additionally treated with nicotine patches continuously releasing nicotine through the skin into the blood circuit. The second group received placebo patches; while the third group was treated with behavioral training alone. Treatment effects were measured by daily cigarette consumption. Follow-up investigations were performed 3, 6 and 12 months after therapy. Nicotine-treated subjects reached significantly higher abstinence rates during and at the end of treatment as well as during the follow-up period, than both placebo- and control-subjects. No severe side effects of plasters have been reported. The results thus indicate good therapeutic effectiveness of transdermal nicotine substitution.

Administration, Cutaneous↗