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PubMed2000

[The chromosome-specific PCR marker's screening and identification of barley 6H chromosome].

Two barley 6H chromosome specific RAPD markers were obtained by screening DNA of barley Hordeum vulgare (Betzes) and wheat-barley 6H addition line with 200 primers, then the RAPD markers were changed into specific PCR markers. Checking different plant materials by the PCR markers, it revealed that there was a specific band in those materials containing 6H chromosome such as Betzes, Igri, CS6H, and there was no specific band if the material did not contain 6H chromosome, such as Triticum aestivum, Secale cereale, Agropyron intermedium, Haynaldia villosa, Thinopyrum elongatum. Therefore, those PCR markers specific to chromosome 6H of barley are established. Southern hybridization indicated that the two cloned DNA fragments belong to barley genomic specific high-copy repeat sequence and low-copy sequence in wheat and barley genomes respectively.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2001

[The creation of 1H chromosome-specific CAPs and ASA markers of barley].

Sequence-Tagged Site(STS) marker is a kind of important marker for identifying heterogeneous chromosome on account of its simplicity, speediness and specificity. There are many STS markers in use, which changed from the RFLP and RAPD markers. But some of those from RFLP markers cannot directly be used for identifying the specific chromosomes, such as MWG913. Amplified wheat genome by MWG913, a STS marker of barley's 1H chromosome, then cloned the products. These clones were classified by restricted enzyme Taq I and then sequenced. On the basis of the results of these sequences compared with barley's (obtained from the GenBank)., two restricted enzyme specifying on 1H chromosome, EcoR I and Pvu I, were chosen to digest the PCR products of T. aestivum, Secale cereale, Hordeum vulgare, Agropyron intermedium, Haynaldia villosa, Thinopyrum elongatum and identified their specilization to Hordeum vulgare genome. Furthermore, according to the difference of Pvu I recognition site, the second PCR primers were designed and identified its specificity to Hordeum vulgare genome by PCR. Thus 1H chromosomespecific CAPs and ASA markers of barley were obtained.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2002

[Development of new PCR markers specific to a Thinopyrum intermedium chromosome 2Ai-2 and cloning of the St-specific sequences].

To meet the need of selecting translocation lines, some new RAPD markers for 2Ai-2 chromosome of Th. intermedium were identified in the paper. Out of 320 RAPD primers, 2 specific primers, OPO05 and OPM04, can amplify respectively a specific band with size of about 650 bp and 1400 bp in the BYDV resistant materials containing the chromosome 2Ai-2, including Th. intermedium, wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphipoild Zhong 4 Awnless, addition lines Z1, Z2 and Z6, F1(Z2/Wan7107) and substitute line ZD28 etc, but absent in all the materials lacking the 2Ai-2 chromosome, including susceptible wheat parents and other wheat-Th. intermedium addition lines L1 and Z4. The RAPD markers specific to chromosome 2Ai-2, OPO05(650) and OPM04(1400), may be located on the St genomic region of 2Ai-2 chromosome by PCR analysis on Th. intermedium (E1E2St), Pseuderogneria strigosa (St), Th. elongatum (E), Haynaldia villosa (V), Secale cereale (R), Hordeum vulgare (H), Aegilops squrrosa (D) and Triticum aestivum (ABD) genomic DNA. The specific bands of RAPD markers OPO05(650) and OPM04(1400) were isolated and cloned. After the clones were subjected to restrict digestion analysis, PCR and Southern hybridization analysis, some clones were sequenced. Based on the sequences, 1 pair of primers SC-O5(U + L) and 1 pair of primers SC-M4(U + L) were designed, synthesized and used to amplify the materials with and without 2Ai-2 chromosome. The results showed that the SCAR markers of chromosome 2Ai-2, SC-O5 and SC-M4, were converted successfully from the RAPD markers OPO05(650) and OPM04(1400). The Th. intermedium fragments amplified by the primers of SC-O5 (U + L) and SCM4(U + L) were cloned and analyzed. The results of Southern hybridization indicated that TiSCO5, the cloned fragment of Th. intermedium amplified by primers of SC-O5(U + L) was a low-copy sequence specific to St genome, and another sequence TiSCM4, the cloned fragment of Th. intermedium amplified by primers of SC-M4(U + L) was a repeat sequence specific to St genomic. The sequences will be new probes to detect St genomic chromatin.

Chromosomes↗
PubMed1976

[Blood gas analytical study on cerebral circulation under the influence of dihydroergotoxin (author's transl)].

The demand for sufficient blood supply and oxygenation of cerebral tissue after brain surgery or severe head injuries requires the clinical investigation of drugs which are supposed to improve cerebral blood flow and metabolism. We have therefore used the hydrogenated derivatives of the ergotoxin components of the secale alcaloids in the post-operative and posttraumatic period of neurosurgical patients, respectively, and studied their effect on cerebral metabolism by successive analysis of blood gases in the arterial and venous blood. A significant increase of cerebral venous CO2-concentration following the administration of dihydroergotoxin in these patients in all probability is attributable to an improved O2-utilisation in the cerebral tissue.

Blood↗
PubMed2003

[Development and application of a genome specific PCR marker for Haynaldia villosa].

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed on common wheat Chinese Spring, H. villosa, addition lines of H. villosa chromosome in CS, substitution line 3V of H. villosa chromosome in Triticum aestivum. A genome specific polymorphic DNA segment from H. villosa, OPF02757, was obtained. On the basis of cloning and sequencing of OPF02757, two PCR primers were designed and a genome specific PCR marker for H. villosa was established. The PCR marker including 677 bp was localized on all the seven pairs of H. villosa chromosomes. The result of PCR amplification by the primers indicated that there was a specific band of 677 bp in the materials containing H. villosa Chromosome such as T. aestivum-H. villosa addition, T. aestivum-H. villosa substitution, T. aestivum-H. villosa amphidiploid, T. durum-H. villosa amphidiploid and H. villosum from different accessions, and there was no specific band of 677 bp if the materials did not contain H. villosa chromosome, such as T. aestivum, T. durum, Secale cereale, Hordeum vulgare, Thinopyrum elongatum, Thinopyrum intermedium. Therefore, the PCR maker of 677 bp is specific to H. villosa genome, and could be used as molecular marker for detection of chromosomes of H. villosa in wheat.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Induction of cytoplasmic mannose-binding jacalin-related lectins is a common phenomenon in cereals treated with jasmonate methyl ester.

Treatment of whole plants with jasmonic acid methyl ester induces lectin activity in leaves of Oryza sativa, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum vulgare, Secale cereale and Zea mays. Purification and characterization of the lectins revealed that they all have a very similar molecular structure and carbohydrate-binding properties. Further analysis of the cDNA clones encoding the lectins revealed that they all belong to the family of cytoplasmic mannose-specific jacalin-related lectins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Assortment of the plants in the Medieval diet in Czech countries (based on archaeobotanical finds).

The finds of remains of useful plants in archaeological objects were drawing attention already in the last century. However, it was not until after the World War II, in relation with renovation of historical cores of the towns, when a separate branch of the botany--archaeobotany constituted. In the Czech Republic it was E. Opravil who was the first to become engaged in a systematic archaeobotanical research at the beginning of the 60's. All the vegetal remains--fruits and seeds on the first place as well as pollen grains from prehistoric times to the post-medieval period, are the subjects of archaeobotany. The medieval waste pits are the richest sources of the vegetal remains. They contain a lot of diasporas of cultural as well as wild plants. The remains of useful plants are an authentic document of the vegetal component of diet. Even though some vegetal species, such as for example garlic, onion or stalk-plants, about whose cultivation we are informed from literature, occur only seldom, there appeared also the species not mentioned in literature. All the basic cereals have been known in our country already since the early Middle Ages. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rye (Secale cereale), as well as millet (Panicum miliaceum) that, along with buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), were replaced by potatoes in the modern times were the most important. Also leguminous plants were of great importance in the diet even though their charred seeds seldom preserved. Remains of oil plants such as hemp (Cannabis sativa), flax (Linum usitatissimum) and poppy (Papaver somniferum) preserved well. It was successfully proved that cucumber (Cucumis sativus), among other numerous kinds of vegetables, was introduced by the Slavs already in the 8th century in Moravia and in the 9th century in Bohemia. The assortment of fruit was rich--especially the assortment of cultivated fruit. Among the imported kinds of fruit the first place occupied figs (Ficus carica), from the numerous finds it can be said that they formed a common part of the diet. Among imported fruit and spices from the peak period of the Middle Ages we succeeded in finding a date-tree (Phoenix dactylifera), nutmeg tree (Myristica fragrans) and, by means of pollen analysis, maybe a clove tree (Eugenia caryophyllata).

Archaeology↗
PubMed1992

Examinations of the relative fluidity in cerebrovascular disease patients.

Parallel with the increasing incidence of cerebrovascular diseases, and the limitations of possible surgical methods, the importance of drug therapy has significantly increased. Due to our knowledge of haemorheology the effectiveness of therapies may be measured by means of useful circulatory markers. In course of our research activities of one and a half decades the changes in blood viscosity were measured during vinpocetine therapy, and were compared to the changes of haematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values. The effect of vinpocetine and secale alkaloids or vinpocetine and pentoxifylline were compared by sequential analysis in other cases. The results of these examinations proved that vinpocetine is effective in both short and long-term therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of natural strains of naphthalene-utilizing bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas].

Sixty-three strains of bacteria capable of utilizing naphthalene as the sole source of carbon and energy were isolated from 137 samples of soil taken in different sites in Belarus. All isolated bacteria contained extrachromosomal genetic elements of 45 to 150 kb in length. It was found that bacteria of 31 strains contained the IncP-9 incompatibility group plasmids, bacteria of one strain carried a plasmid containing replicons IncP-9 and IncP-7, and bacteria of 31 strains contained unidentified plasmids. Primary identification showed that the hosts of plasmids of naphthalene biodegradation are fluorescent bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas (P. putida and P. aeruginosa; a total of 47 strains) and unidentified nonfluorescent microorganisms (a total of 16 strains). In addition to the ability to utilize naphthalene, some strains exhibited the ability to stimulate the growth and development of the root system of Secale cereale.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed2005

[Sequencing and expression analysis of a novel HMW-glutenin gene Kx from Crithopsis delileana].

Using SDS-PAGE analysis, the High-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits of two Crithopsis delileana accessions were detected. It was found that the two accessions had the same HMW glutenin subunits. Only one HMW glutenin subunit with the similar electrophoresis mobility to the y-type HMW glutenin subunit of hexaploid wheat was observed in C. delileana. However, It was indicated that this glutenin subunit was an x-type glutenin subunit Kx by gene sequence analysis. The full coding region of Kx gene is 2052bp and could encodes a mature protein with 661 amino acid residues. The Kx gene could be expressed in the bacterial expression system, and the expressed protein had the same electrophoresis mobility as that in the seed of C. delileana. The primary structure of Kx subunit was very similar to the x-type HMW glutenin subunits encoded by the A, B and D genomes of wheat, the C and U genomes of Aegilops, and the R genome of Secale cereale. In the phylogenetic analysis, Kx subunit was clustered together with Ax1 subunit by an interior parallelled branch. In conclsion, Kx gene is a novel x type glutenin subunit gene from C. delileana.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

PstIAFLP based markers for leaf rust resistance genes in common wheat.

The aim of the present study was to detect candidate DNA markers for selected leaf rust resistance genes. A total number of 286 loci in the 'Thatcher' near-isogenic lines carrying resistance gene Lr1, Lr9, Lr10, Lr13, Lr19, Lr21, Lr24, Lr26, Lr28, Lr35, and Lr37 were screened for DNA polymorphism by the PstIAFLP method. A survey with 33 selective primers yielded 16 candidate markers. Further validation studies on cultivars characterized for the presence and absence of selected resistance genes confirmed specificity of markers for Lr24, Lr26 and Lr37. The AFLP-based marker P42-530 was successfully converted into an STS marker. The new marker was linked with the Lr37-specific marker (CslVrga13) at the distance of 1.7 cM. The PstIAFLP method was found to be effective in the identification of DNA changes induced in hexaploid wheat by translocations from Agropyron elongatum, Secale cereale and Aegilops ventricosa.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2006

[Genealogical analysis of resistance to fusarium head blight in Russian and Ukrainian cultivars of common wheat Triticum aestivum L].

The GRIS3.5 information analytical system of wheat genetic resources was used to track the possible ways of the transmission of fusarium head blight resistance from ancestors to progenies in extended pedigrees of 149 Russian and Ukrainian cultivaris of winter common wheat. Analysis of variance was performed for the coefficient of parentage computed for the cultivars under study and the putative sources of resistance and revealed that groups of resistant and susceptible cultivars differed in the distribution of contributions of the sources. In the resistant group, significant results were obtained for the contributions of Odesskaya 16, Gostianum 237, and Frontana. Pedigree analysis showed that fusarium head blight resistance was most commonly transmitted from Gostianum 237 through Odesskaya 16 and its derivatives. The landrace Khar'kovskaya probably served as a source of resistance in the case of Gostianum 237. In addition, the set of resistance sources included Kooperatorka, Hope, San Pastore, Triticum timopheevii Zhuk., and Secale cereale. Some well-known sources of fusarium head blight resistance varying in genetic determinants--Sumai 3, Wangshuibai, Wuhan 1, Nyubay (China), Nobeokabozukomugi, Shinchunaga (Japan), Arina (Switzerland), Fundulea-201R (Romania), and Renan (France)--have so far not being employed in breeding in Russia and provide an important reserve for breeding for resistance.

Fusarium↗
PubMed1989

[Skin reactivity to grass pollen and the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in the prick-test using 2 types of allergen preparations].

The reliability of prick testing with allergen preparations produced in Yugoslavia was assessed by comparison to the internationally accepted ones (Pharmacia Diagnostica) of 100,000 BU activity. The following allergens were used: the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in 107 subjects, and grass pollens: Dactylis glomerata, Poa pratensis, Phleum pratense and Secale cereale in 39 subjects. The clinical significance of the response was assessed in relation to the skin reaction to the negative control solution and positive histamine control (in concentration of 1 mg/ml). The results indicate that the allergen extract of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (3000 PNU/ml) produced in Yugoslavia does not provoke skin reactions comparable to those provoked by the standardized extract of 100,000 BU in contrast to the grass pollen allergens, with the exception of Poa pratensis, which evokes equivalent skin reactions. Thus grass pollen allergens are reliable extracts and can be applied with good confidence in routine work. The need to set more rigorous criteria for assessing skin prick reactions, when domestic, unstandardized products are used, emerged as a result of this study.

Allergens↗
PubMed1989

The lack of correlation between the rate of rRNA transport from nucleoli into cytoplasm and the duration of G1 and G2 phases in root meristem cells.

In root meristems of 3 species (Secale cereale L., Vicia faba L. subsp. minor, Allium cepa L.) the durations of cell cycles and their phases were calculated using 3H-thymidine labelling. In the above species and in Helianthus annuus L. (parameters of the cell cycle determined earlier) the G1 and G2 phase durations were different: G1 + 1/2 M from 3 h to 6.1 h, G2 + 1/2 M from 1.1. h to 8.3 h, depending on the species. The rate of rRNA transport from nucleoli into cytoplasm during recovery after cold treatment was calculated from our data presented earlier. The results indicate that in 4 species studied there is no correlation (at P = 0.05) between the rate of rRNA transport and the duration of G1 and G2 phases.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1988

Temperature and the cell cycle.

During the period between successive divisions, a cell traverses three stages of interphase: G1 (pre-synthetic interphase), S-phase (DNA synthetic interphase) and G2 (post-synthetic interphase). The time taken for all cells in a meristem to divide (the cell doubling time (cdt] decreases in response to an increase in temperature. For example, the cdt in root meristems of Zea mays decreases 21-fold as the temperature is increased from 3 to 25 degrees C. Whether all phases of the cell cycle alter proportionately with temperature has been ascertained by comparing data from the root meristem of five species: Pisum sativum, Helianthus annuus, Tradescantia paludosa, Allium cepa and Triticum aestivum. In three of the five species there is a disproportionate lengthening of the G1 phase at low temperatures. We suggest that arrest in G1 with the associated 2C amount of DNA, confers maximal protection on the genome of a somatic cell to the stress of low temperature. DNA replication has been studied at different temperatures for Helianthus annuus, Secale cereal and Oryza sativa. The rate of DNA replication, per single replication fork, increases when the temperature is raised, while the distance between initiation points (replicon size) remains constant. The temperature at which the cell cycle has a minimum duration is close to 30 degrees C in many species, and it seems that this optimum temperature is always near the upper temperature limit of the cell cycle. The rate of cell division determines the rates of organ and cell growth. Thus, temperature has a major effect on the way in which meristematic cells are deployed in organogenesis. The rate of organogenesis, in turn, determines the response of the plant to the growing season. We predict that species growing in sub-arctic conditions comprise cells with low DNA contents and hence have the potentialities for rapid cell cycles so that maximum advantage can be taken of a short growing season. Data from Triticum aestivum show that at 5 degrees C, nucleoli are large compared with those at 10-25 degrees C. These observations are consistent with high levels of RNA polymerase and cellular RNA found at low compared with high temperatures. These responses may be important in sustaining growth at 5 degrees C. Finally, the effects of temperature on developmental transitions are discussed. The picture that emerges is that more is known about low, as opposed to high, temperature as a morphogenetic switch but virtually nothing is known about cell cycle activity during such transitions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1986

A comparison between pyridinic and non-pyridinic extraction of allergenic materials.

The effect of addition of pyridine in the extracting solvent of allergenic materials was studied in the following substances. Dermatophagoides farinae, Chenopodium album, Parietaria judaica, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, and Secale cereale. Pyridinated extracts differed significantly in protein content, isoelectric focusing profile, and allergenic activity from the non-pyridinated extracts. On the other hand, no difference was detected between both extraction systems when their adsorption capacity to aluminium gels was compared.

Allergens↗
PubMed1978

[Identification of albumin 0.19 in wheat and other cereal proteins].

It was found that albumin 0.19, being an inhibitor of alpha-amylases from human and insect saliva, is not specific for T. aestivum and is also revealed immunochemically by means of antiserum in the proteins of T. durum. Using rocket immunoelectrophoresis, it was shown that the albumin component specific for T. aestivum is not identical to albumin 0.19. The levels of albumin 0.19 in the proteins of wheat, aegilops. secale, agropyron and barley grains were studied.

Albumins↗
PubMed1977

[Purification of peroxidases and separation of isoperoxidases from various plant species (author's transl)].

The partial purification of peroxidase (EC.1.11.1.7) and separation of isoperoxidases by disc electrophoresis from Cucurbita Pepo L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Cicer arietinum L. and Hordeum, Secale and Triticum sp., have been studied. Peroxidase from fruit of pumpkin and from 6-day-old coleoptiles of French bean and chick pea has been partially purified, 128-, 174-, and 140-fold, respectively. The apparent Km at the optimum pH were: pumpkin (epicarp.), 2.7 X 10(-4) M; barley, common rye and wheat (primary leaves, in all cases), 1.4 X 10(-5), 1.2 X 10(-5) and 3.1 X 10(-5) M, respectively. Isoperoxidases have been separated by disc electrophoresis on 7% polyacrylamide gel and stained with p-phenylenediamine. Differences in patterns of anodic and cathodic isozymes were observed: 3 isozymes from fruits of pumpkin, 4 from French bean, 4 from chick pea, 11 from leaves of barley, 10 from leaves of common rye and 9 from leaves of wheat.

Fruit↗