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PubMed2005

Contextual effects on life satisfaction of older men and women.

Differences occur in the demographic, health, and social network contexts of men and women, all of which are associated with successful aging. The objectives of this study were to determine whether differences exist in satisfaction in specific domains, in general life satisfaction and in the paths for life satisfaction for men and women. A secondary data analysis was conducted on selected variables from the Aging in the Community data set (Beland et al., 1998). The responses of 958 older Canadian francophone adults were examined. There were no differences in general or domain life satisfaction between women and men. Path analyses revealed good model fit for separate models for both male and female samples. For men, life satisfaction is explained positively by age, income, and perceived control, and negatively by recall errors, illness, and functional limitations. For women, life satisfaction is explained positively by age, education, income, social support, perceived control, and physical activity, and negatively by illness and functional limitations. The results suggest that social support had direct positive effects on life satisfaction but reduced perceived control for women. As hypothesized, although there are similarities in paths to life satisfaction for older men and women, the path models indicated that there are also important differences.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

The place of patient satisfaction in quality assessment of lung cancer thoracic surgery.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To compare the quality of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) surgical care with patient satisfaction. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Academic hospital departments of thoracic oncology and surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients presenting with recently diagnosed NSCLC and eligible for front-line thoracic surgery were eligible. Patient satisfaction was assessed using the Questionnaire of Satisfaction of Hospitalized Patients. Quality of surgical care was evaluated using an original score built accordingly to British Thoracic Society guidelines. Univariate analysis used parametric (Pearson correlation, t test) and nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney U test) according to test conditions. Probability of survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Seventy patients (mean age, 63.7 years) were included. Lobectomy was performed in 62 cases, and pneumonectomy was performed in 8 cases. In all, 28 patients had a postoperative complication. One-year survival rates for patients with stage I-II and stage IIIA NSCLC were 84% and 58%, respectively. Mean patient satisfaction was 78 +/- 13/100 and 69 +/- 13/100 for global staff and structure index, respectively (+/- SD). Mean score for quality of surgical care was 88.7/100 (range, 51 to 100). The absence of postoperative complication was significantly related to a high level of satisfaction regarding the structure (r = 0.30, p < 0.05). Other features of patient satisfaction did not show a significant correlation with the quality of the preoperative selection process or the surgical procedure itself (r < 0.20). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the lack of significant correlation, the present study does not support a shortcut between quality of care and patient satisfaction. Nonetheless, patient satisfaction should be integrated into rather than substituted for the quality of health-care assessment, which also needs further development.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

The NDNQI-Adapted Index of work satisfaction.

The valid measurement of nurses' job satisfaction is critical because job satisfaction is important for the retention of qualified nurses to provide patient care in hospitals. Two studies were conducted to adapt the Stamps Index of Work Satisfaction (1997b) to measure work satisfaction at the patient care unit level for use by the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI). In Study 1 (n = 918 RNs) exploratory factor analysis of data obtained using the NDNQI-Adapted Index replicated the conceptual dimensions of the Stamps measure. Associations with scores on Job Enjoyment were evidence that the Index measured the intended construct. Using theta, the reliability of the composite subscales was .91. The adapted Work Satisfaction subscale scores explained 46% of the variance in Job Enjoyment, with each subscale contributing uniquely (p < .001). In Study 2 (n = 2277 RNs) confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling supported the 7-subscale structure for the Adapted Index (CFI [719] = .88; RMR = .05). Replication of associations between scores on the Index subscales and Job Enjoyment provided further evidence regarding validity of the data, since the Work Satisfaction subscales explained 56% of the variance in Job Enjoyment. The feasibility of using an on-line version of the Adapted-Index for data collection was demonstrated. The findings from the two studies indicate that the adapted Index of Work Satisfaction has a structure similar to the original instrument and is a reliable and valid measure of work satisfaction at the patient care unit level.

Factor Analysis, Statistical↗
PubMed2001

Life satisfaction among the very old: a survey on a cognitively intact sample aged 90 years or above.

The purpose of the study was to measure life satisfaction and the factors believed to influence it. The study involved 105 very old people, ninety years and above, who were not cognitively impaired, living in the inner part of Stockholm, Sweden. In order to assess life satisfaction, the Life Satisfaction Index-B (LSI-B) and Life Satisfaction Index-Z (LSI-Z) were used. Information about life events, activities, personality and social contacts were collected in order to determine their relative influence on life satisfaction. Factors associated with life satisfaction were also investigated in a content analysis to find out what the elderly themselves believe gives them life satisfaction. Results showedthat health and an emotionally stable personality were, independently of other factors, the most important factors for life satisfaction among the very old.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Contribution of job satisfaction to happiness of Asian Americans.

Many demographic and labor force characteristics, such as family income, educational attainment, and occupation, correlated with job satisfaction. Since Asian Americans are more like Euro-Americans than African Americans in most of these characteristics, it seems reasonable to predict that their job satisfaction would be high as for Euro-Americans rather than low as for African Americans. Yet research of Weaver and Hinson showed that the opposite is true. One explanation for this unexpected result is that Asians do not think of jobs as a source of happiness but simply as a means of earning money to underwrite other aspects of their lives, such as the well-being of their families, which are the main sources of their happiness. The hypothesis was tested that job satisfaction does not contribute to the happiness of Asian Americans in comparison to satisfaction from other domains of their lives. Analysis was conducted of the attitudes of Asian-American (n = 160), African-American (n = 602), and Euro-American (n = 6,477) workers who responded to 22 surveys drawn from 1972 to 1998, each of which was representative of the labor force of the USA. The hypothesis was supported by the finding that the partial correlation of job satisfaction and global happiness with satisfaction in seven other domains of life (marriage, financial condition, community, nonwork activities, family, health and physical condition, and friendships) held constant was significant for Euro-American women and men but not for Asian Americans or African Americans of either sex. And, the same result occurred when global happiness was regressed on job satisfaction net the effects of satisfaction in other seven domains.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Note on the relationships among job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior.

Previous research which has established a relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction has involved primarily white collar workers. This study extends the prior research to a different sample--blue collar workers--and investigates the relations of organizational citizenship behavior to the various facets of job satisfaction as measured by the Job Descriptive Index. We also examine the relative effects of organizational commitment and job satisfaction on citizenship behaviors. Analysis of responses from a sample of 91 machine operators employed by a clothing manufacturer in the southeastern United States indicates that citizenship behaviors of blue collar workers are related to satisfaction with coworkers, satisfaction with supervision, and satisfaction with pay, but not satisfaction with opportunities for advancement, satisfaction with the work itself, or organizational commitment.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The MedRisk Instrument for Measuring Patient Satisfaction With Physical Therapy Care: a psychometric analysis.

STUDY DESIGN: Psychometric evaluation of a cross-sectional survey. OBJECTIVES: To determine the validity of measures obtained from the MedRisk Instrument for Measuring Patient Satisfaction With Physical Therapy Care (MRPS) to differentiate between patient satisfaction with internal and external factors. BACKGROUND: Self-report measures that sample a variety of items provide clinicians with an array of information that may assist in assessing patient satisfaction. An important measurement characteristic of these instruments is the ability to discriminate between different factors that may influence patient reports of satisfaction with care, ie, discriminant validity. In previous work, exploratory factor analysis suggested that the MRPS questionnaire has a 2-factor structure: "internal," relating to the patient-therapist interaction, and "external," describing nontherapist issues such as admissions and clinic environment. METHODS AND MEASURES: One thousand four hundred forty-nine adult patients completed the MRPS questionnaire upon finishing their course of outpatient physical therapy treatment. Discriminant validity of the 2-factor model was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. The measures from the 2 factors were then evaluated for reliability by calculating the standard error of measurement (SEM), and for concurrent validity by correlating the mean score of the factors and individual items to global measures of satisfaction. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis supported a good to excellent model fit for the internal factor (7 items) and external factor (3 items). The SEM for the 2 factors was 0.19 and 0.24, indicating a low degree of measurement error. Both factors had high significant correlation with global measures of satisfaction (internal, r = 0.83 and 0.80; external, r = 0.71 and 0.71). All individual items within the 2 factors had significant correlations with global measures ranging from r = 0.33 to 0.80. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence of discriminant and concurrent validity of the 2-factor solution for the MRPS questionnaire for the sample that was tested. This 2-factor solution yields measures that are relatively free of error and may discriminate between internal and external factors influencing patient satisfaction. Patients who complete their course of physical therapy report that the professional interaction between the therapist and patient, especially the meaningful exchange of relevant information, is critical for patient satisfaction with care. The generalizability of our data to patients who do not complete their physical therapy care or who are receiving care in other health care environments is unknown.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1987

Oklahoma pharmacists' explanations of professional satisfaction and dissatisfaction.

This study examined whether the theoretical constructs of role conflict and incomplete professionalization serve as valid explanations of pharmacists' professional satisfaction or dissatisfaction. A sample of registered pharmacists in Oklahoma responded to a mail-out questionnaire containing indicies designed to measure job satisfaction and professional satisfaction. The questionnaire also included a satisfaction inventory of 17 facets considered to characterize pharmacy as a profession. From the questionnaire respondents, samples of pharmacists demonstrating extreme professional satisfaction and extreme dissatisfaction were randomly selected for telephone interviews. This study found pharmacists' professional satisfaction to be significantly less than satisfaction with their job. The study results would indicate that incomplete professionalization and internalized career goals rather than role conflicts are significantly related to pharmacist professional satisfaction.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Continuity of care and patient satisfaction in a family practice clinic.

BACKGROUND: Continuity is a tenant central to family practice. Continuity is associated with improved satisfaction in populations that can easily change providers. However, little is known about the importance of continuity where patients are assigned providers. METHODS: A pretested survey was distributed to patients of a family practice residency clinic in a military medical center for a week's period. Results were analyzed using chi2, unpaired t test, correlation matrices, and linear regression for patient satisfaction. RESULTS: The response rate was 68.3%. Responders were not more likely to be seeing their primary care provider (PCP). Regression analysis revealed that 12% of patient satisfaction was associated with long-term continuity rates, 23% by PCP satisfaction, and 17% by how easy it was to make the appointment. For high clinic users (>10 visits/year), 78% of patient satisfaction is determined by PCP satisfaction and long-term continuity rates. A subset of patients (13%) values choice of appointment time or other providers over PCP continuity. Satisfaction is not diminished in this group despite low long-term continuity (P <.05 for all results). CONCLUSIONS: Patient satisfaction is associated with continuity, especially for high clinic users. Although continuity is important, a subset of patients values the ability to see other providers and to change providers.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1999

[Life satisfaction and help needs in post-stroke patients].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the life satisfaction and the help needs in post-stroke patients. A totaled 109 post-stroke patients were discharged from the rehabilitation ward of the Dokkyo University Hospital during two years from April 1995 to March 1997. The postal questionnaire was sent to 104 patients of them. The questionnaire was composed of two parts, one for the patients and one for their family members. The patients were asked about perceived improvement after discharge, outdoor activities, locomotor activities, and life satisfaction with their present state. Life satisfaction was assessed by using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The family members were asked about objective improvement of the patients after their discharge and their help needs. The distribution of the patients' life satisfaction showed a peak at around 50% by the VAS. While the perceived improvement and life satisfaction showed a significantly positive correlation, 9 patients (15%) recognized some improvement but marked their life satisfaction less than 50%. In help needs assessment, most family members classified them at a level of situational dependence or more. Only three cases were classified as dependence on individuals other than their family such as home help, which may suggest lack of social resources in their community. Logistic regression analysis revealed perceived improvement, going outdoors and age as significant adherent factors of life satisfaction, and objective improvement and age as those of help needs. Statistical analysis revealed a close association between perceived improvement and life satisfaction which have been suggested useful for QOL evaluation, but they must be interpreted as independent indicators.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1989

Academic middle managers for baccalaureate nursing: work motivation and satisfaction.

Seventy-nine percent of academic middle managers for baccalaureate nursing reported that they did not plan to continue in their current management positions, or advance in academic leadership positions (George, 1981). This study examined the relationships between the job characteristics, a mediating variable "growth need strength", and the general job satisfaction and work motivation of academic middle managers for baccalaureate nursing. The sample was drawn from the population of academic middle managers for baccalaureate nursing in 126 colleges and universities across the United States that offer both baccalaureate and higher nursing degree programs. Sixty seven percent returned the Job Diagnostic Survey Short Form (JDSSF). The findings were interpreted through an examination of three analytical techniques: zero-order correlations, multiple regression, and multiple regression with interaction. Findings indicate that the dependent variable, "internal work motivation," can be measured in the population, but it cannot be predicted using the seven job characteristics measured by the JDSSF. The job characteristic autonomy was significant in predicting "general job satisfaction." General job satisfaction also proved to be some combination of security satisfaction and growth need satisfaction. both independent variables "autonomy" and "feedback from the job itself" were significant in predicting growth need satisfaction. As a mediating variable, "growth need strength" was not significant in predicting general job satisfaction in a linear model, nor was it significant when entered as an interactive term. However, the multiplicative model did increase, by four percent above the linear model, the amount of variance predictable in general job satisfaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed2003

Sexual satisfaction and risk of disability in older women.

BACKGROUND: Most studies evaluating sexuality in older adults have focused on men, and relatively little research has evaluated the relationship between sexual satisfaction and health outcomes in older women. The aims of this study were to describe correlates of sexual satisfaction in community-dwelling older women with moderate to severe levels of disability and to examine the association of sexual satisfaction with progression of disability in this population. METHOD: A total of 980 moderately to severely disabled women aged 65 years or older who had participated in The Women's Health and Aging Study entered this study. Baseline evaluations took place from 1992 through 1995. Participants rated their satisfaction with their level of sexual activity on a 0-to-10 scale. Women scoring > or = 8 were considered sexually satisfied. The onset of new severe disability was determined by semiannual assessments, over 3 years, of disability in performing activities of daily living (ADLs) and walking across a room. RESULTS: Of 203 (49.8%) women living with a spouse, 101 were satisfied with their level of sexual activity. In this group, older age, white race, and higher level of physical function were independent predictors of sexual satisfaction. In addition, among women living with a spouse, higher sexual satisfaction was associated with a significantly decreased risk for incident disability in performing ADLs (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.36 to 0.94) and walking across a small room (HR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.79). Among women not living with a spouse, the response on the sexual satisfaction question showed different determinants and was not associated with disability risk. CONCLUSION: Sexual satisfaction in community-dwelling, older, disabled women living with their spouse is associated with reduced risk for subsequent new severe disabilities.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship between hardiness, supervisor support, group cohesion, and job stress as predictors of job satisfaction.

PURPOSE: This study tested a conceptual model based on research supporting the relationship between the predictors of hardiness, supervisor support, and group cohesion and the criterions of job stress and job satisfaction and between the predictor of job stress and the criterion of job satisfaction. DESIGN: The study employed a cross-sectional research design. Survey data were collected as part of the baseline measures assessed prior to an organizational hardiness intervention. SETTING: Worksite of Dell Computer Corporation in Austin, Texas. SUBJECTS: The subjects included 160 full-time Dell employees recruited from a convenience sample representing nine work groups (response rate = 90%). MEASURES: Hardiness was measured using the Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS), job stress was measured using the Perceived Work Stress Scale (PWSS), and supervisor support, group cohesion, and job satisfaction were measured using a proprietary employee attitude survey. RESULTS: In the proposed model, high hardiness, supervisor support, and group cohesion were related to lower levels of job stress, which in turn was related to higher levels of job satisfaction. The model also proposed direct paths from hardiness, supervisor support, and group cohesion to job satisfaction. Path analysis was used to examine the goodness of fit of the model. The proposed model was a good fit for the data (chi 2[1, N = 160] = 1.85, p = .174) with the exception of the direct path between group cohesion and job satisfaction. Substantial portions of the variances in job stress (R2 = .19) and job satisfaction (R2 = .44) were accounted for by the predictors. CONCLUSION: Implications for targeted worksite health promotion efforts to lower job stress and enhance job satisfaction are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Job satisfaction among primary health care workers in three selected local government areas in southwest Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: The primary health care system in Nigeria has been impaired by lack of dedicated workers who are willing to work in the rural areas. This study was carried out to examine factors that enhance job satisfaction among health workers in the primary health care system in Nigeria. METHOD: The study is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in May 2002. The respondents were selected from three local government areas in southwest Nigeria by multistage sampling technique. A standardized structured pre-coded close-ended self-administered questionnaire to collect relevant information on their socio-demographic characteristics and extent of job satisfaction of respondents. RESULT: A total of 125 health workers were interviewed in all. The mean score on job satisfaction was 26.15 out of the total possible score of 49. There was no statistically significant relationship in job satisfaction among the various cadres of health workers considered (p = 0.824). A larger proportion (66.4%) of the health workers were involved with the community based preventive services when compared with the health centre based curative care 33.4% (p < 0.05), there is however no significant difference in satisfaction between this two groups of personnel (p = 0.133). Age and marital status were found to be statistically significant in relation to job satisfaction (p = 0.000 and 0.034 respectively). CONCLUSION: The study shows no significant difference in job satisfaction among the various cadres of health workers in southwest Nigeria. However age and marital status were found to be significant factors influencing job satisfaction among the primary health care workers in Nigeria.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Job demands and control as predictors of occupational satisfaction in general practice.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of job demands and job control as predictors of job satisfaction in general practice. DESIGN AND SETTING: A descriptive postal survey of general practitioners in Victoria selected at random from the Health Insurance Commission's database. PARTICIPANTS: 353 of 562 GPs (63%) participated in the study. The demographic details of the respondents were similar to those for all GPs in Victoria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Job demands of general practice; job control in general practice; job satisfaction in general practice; effect of demands and control on job satisfaction; interactive effect of demands and control on job satisfaction. RESULTS: The "average" GP in this study perceived their work as characterised by high demands and low control. In addition, only 50% of respondents were satisfied with their work. The major determinants of job satisfaction were gender, job demands, hours worked and job control. Of these, job control was the most powerful predictor of job satisfaction. Although no evidence was found for a modifying effect of control on the relationship between demands and satisfaction, an interaction between hours worked and control was evident. CONCLUSIONS: The low level of job satisfaction in general practice is, to a degree, a reflection of the beliefs held by the "average" GP that their ability to control their work is low. As GPs who are satisfied with their work provide a higher standard of medical care, policymakers should consider the importance of maintaining professional autonomy for GPs when implementing changes aimed at achieving policy objectives.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Army personnel satisfaction in different settings of primary health care clinics.

PURPOSE: To analyze patient satisfaction in Israeli Defense Forces primary care clinics (PCCs), and to compare different satisfaction indices that best correlate with general satisfaction index. METHODS: Large-scale patient satisfaction survey throughout all PCCs, classified as active front clinics, training schools clinics, and home front clinics. RESULTS: Participants (5,103) filled out standardized questionnaires. Patients in active front clinics were more satisfied with their PCCs than in the other two settings. Patients showed the highest satisfaction level in the environment questions and the lowest satisfaction level in the accessibility questions. In training school clinics and home front clinics, accessibility questions were most important, whereas in active front clinics, health outcome questions prevailed. CONCLUSIONS: Overall patient satisfaction is the highest in active front clinics, lower in training school clinics, and lowest in home front clinics. Accessibility is the most important factor in patient satisfaction in training school and home front units, and is less important in active front units.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1997

Market-level health maintenance organization activity and physician autonomy and satisfaction.

Managed care is widely expected to affect physicians throughout the healthcare system. In this study, we examined the relationship between health maintenance organization (HMO) activity and the level of competition, autonomy, and satisfaction perceived by physicians who do not work for HMOs. We obtained data on physicians from the 1991 Survey of Young Physicians, which contains a nationally representative sample of physicians younger than age 45 who had 2 to 9 years of practice experience in 1991. We examined the relationships between HMO market share and perceived competition, autonomy, and satisfaction using multivariate logistic regression. The main outcome measures were perceived level of competition; several measures of physicians' freedom to undertake common tasks that might be threatened by managed care (e.g., hospitalizing patients, ordering tests and procedures); satisfaction with current practice situation; perceived ability to practice quality medicine; whether the physician would attend medical school again; and satisfaction with medicine as a career. We found that an increase of 10 percentage points in HMO market share was associated with a 28% increase in the probability that physicians will regard their practice situation as very competitive as opposed to somewhat or not competitive (P < 0.01). Examinations of the relationship between HMO market share and autonomy and satisfaction revealed few significant results. We found no evidence that increases in HMO activity adversely affect physician autonomy. Only a limited amount of evidence indicates that increases in HMO activity reduce the satisfaction of specialist physicians, and no evidence associates HMO activity with the satisfaction of generalists. Although physicians perceive HMOs as competitors, HMO activity has not had a strong negative effect on the autonomy and satisfaction of physicians.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

The relationship between patient satisfaction with health and clinical measures of function and disease status in patients with psoriatic arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether patient satisfaction with health is a distinct aspect of clinical or health status in a sample of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). METHODS: One hundred sixty-nine consecutive outpatients attending the University of Toronto PsA Clinic completed the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales II (AIMS2), which includes both a global rating of patient satisfaction with health and a scale that assesses satisfaction with functioning in 12 health domains. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological assessments of function, pain, inflammation, and damage were also performed according to a standard protocol. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis indicated that the AIMS2 global ratings of patient satisfaction with health were not associated with traditional clinical measures of inflammation and damage, but were associated with American College of Rheumatology (ACR) functional class and number of fibromyalgia tender points. Patient satisfaction was also related to annual family income and use of retinoids or corticosteroids. Similarly, linear regression analysis showed that scores on the AIMS2 satisfaction scale were unrelated to traditional clinical measures of inflammation and damage, with the exception of total number of actively inflamed joints. ACR functional class, annual family income, and comorbidity were also related to scores on the satisfaction scale. CONCLUSION: Patient satisfaction with health appears to be relatively independent of traditional clinical measures of physical functioning, pain, and disease status.

Adult↗