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At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Sensitivity of some Lactobacillus species of the subgenus Betabacterium to the action of bacteriocins from different species of Lactobacillus].

Sensitivity of 84 cultures of L. fermenti, 43 cultures of L. brevis, 13 cultures of L. buchneri and 2 cultures of L. cellobiosus to the effect of 39 types of bacteriocins produced by various species of lactobacilli was studied with the method of delayed antagonism. All the cultures of L. brevis, L. buchneri and L. cellobiosus and 65.5 per cent of the cultures of L. fermenti were sensitive to one or more such bacteriocins. The cultures of L. Fermenti, L. brevis, L. buchneri and L. cellobiosus were sensitive respectively to 37, 19, 16 and 9 types of the bacteriocins out of 39 types tested.

Antibiosis↗
PubMed1992

C-value paradox in angiosperm plant species. I. Sensitivity to DNase I in species with different 2C DNA content.

The experimental conditions for DNAase I digestion in situ for plant nuclei have been presented. Cytophotometric measurements of DNA loss performed on Feulgen-stained nuclei of three species differing in 2C DNA, heterochromatin and condensed euchromatin contents have shown that the lower 2C DNA amount the higher is DNase I sensitivity. Heterochromatin and some fractions of euchromatin are DNase I resistant. Microdensitometric measurements along M chromosome in Vicia faba have demonstrated the sites hypersensitive to DNase I.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1990

[Morphological and histological studies of Chinese Ephedra, ma huang. II. Species produced in southwestern China and other species].

In this paper, the morphological and histological characters of crude drugs derived from Ephedra likiangensis Florin, E. likiangensis f. mairei (Florin) C. Y. Cheng, E. saxatilis Royle ex Florin, E. gerardiana Wall, E. gerardiana var. congesta C. Y. Cheng, E. minuta Florin, E. minuta var. dioeca C. Y. Cheng, E. lepidosperma C. Y. Cheng, E. lomatolepis Schrenk and E. intermedia var. tibetica Stapf are described, compared and illustrated with line drawings. It was found that all the Ephedra spp. growing in southwester nChina possess the following features in common, viz. (1) numerous distinct longitudinal ridges are present on the stem; (2) xylem fibres and tracheids possess steep, tertiary spiral thickenings; (3) stone cells (sclereids) are absent from the nodes. According to the above characters, the drugs produced in southwestern China can be differentiated from those produced in northern China. The results also show that the histological characters of E. intermedia var tibetica Stapf produced in southeast ern Xizang (Tibet) are different from those produced in north western Xizang. The former possesses the xylem fibres and tracheids with steep, tertiary spiral thickenings, while the latter possesses sclereids at stem-nodes. It may be related to their habitat factors and interspecies hybridization. A key for identification of all the crude drugs derived from Chinese Ephedra spp. studied in this series of paper, including thirteen species, three varieties and one form is presented.

China↗
PubMed1980

[Induction of partial immune tolerance in a closely-related species system by a single injection of papain-extracted, donor species specific, lymphocyte membrane antigens].

This paper reports of experimental xenografting of kidneys in closely related species (fox-dog) modifying primary graft rejection by single i.v. injection of donorspecies-specific lymphocyte antigen in soluble form. Papain treatment was used to separate histocompatibility antigens from lymphocytes of donors. This antigen, in vitro, is capable of reducing cytotoxicity of xeno-antisera by adsorption of their lymphocytotoxic antibodies. A single intraoperative i.v. injection of this antigen to the transplant recipients results in the subsequent failure of humoral antibody production, thus this antigen-mediated effect is thought to be a state of B-cell tolerance. Survival times are more than doubled in comparison to untreated controls and last in average 14.6 +/- 1.74 days (n = 5). Histological studies demonstrate rather well conserved renal parenchym with sporadic infiltrations of round cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Concentration of species alien (bovine) IgG in the blood serum of foals after the intake of non-species specific colostrum preparation].

Sixteen vital foals with free access to maternal colostrum received a additional non-species-specific commercial colostrum additive within the first 18 hours of their life. The additive had been prepared from bovine colostrum. At birth no bovine IgG was detectable. The concentration of bovine IgG reached its maximum 18 hours post natum with XG = 74.6 mg/dl. 96 hours after birth IgG levels had dropped to XG = 20.9 mg/dl. The correlation of bovine IgG with GGT-activity was highly significant. Formation of antibodies against bovine IgG could not be demonstrated. It is not possible to increase igG in the circulation of newborn foals to satisfactory levels with IgG of bovine origin in the used commercial colostrum additive.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Species-specific features of oestrous development and blastogenesis in domestic canine species.

The reproductive physiology of taxonomically closely related species is usually very similar. The main difference in the reproduction of the dog and fox is the length of the different phases of the oestrous cycle. Pro-oestrus and oestrus are longest in the dog: oestrus lasts 3-5 days in the blue fox and 1-3 days in the silver fox, compared with about 1 week in the dog. The profiles of sex steroid concentrations in plasma during oestrus and pregnancy are similar and the luteal phase in non-pregnant animals is prolonged, progesterone concentrations reaching a maximum by 15-30 days after the luteinizing hormone (LH) peak in the dog, by 10-20 days in the blue fox and by 5-15 days in the silver fox. The duration from LH surge to ovulation is about the same in the dog and fox, but thereafter the oocytes and early embryos develop faster in foxes than in the dog. The tubal transport time is 4-6 days in the silver fox, embryos entering the uterus at the 4-16-cell stage. In the blue fox the oocytes remain in the oviducts for 8-10 days, developing into the morula stage, whereas in the dog a still longer oviductal phase results in embryos that are at the compact morula or blastocyst stage when entering the uterus. The preimplantation period is about 1 week in the dog and the blue fox, but 9-10 days in the silver fox.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2002

New approaches in radical carbonylation chemistry: fluorous applications and designed tandem processes by species-hybridization with anions and transition metal species.

New approaches in radical carbonylation chemistry are described. We have successfully integrated tin mediated radical carbonylation chemistry into modern fluorous applications and separation techniques. We revealed that radical carbonylation reactions can be performed using fluorous tin mediators, such as fluorous tin hydride and fluorous allyltin reagents. Fine tuning of the reaction conditions resulted in a good efficiency equivalent to conventional tin mediators. The tedious procedure of removing organotin byproducts can be circumvented through the use of fluorous/organic liquid-liquid extraction or fluorous liquid-solid phase extraction with fluorous reverse phase silica (FRPS). Also described are newly developed tandem carbonylation reactions that are based on species hybridization approaches. Using a radical/anionic hybrid system based on zinc-induced one-electron reduction, we achieved a three-component coupling reaction consisting of 4-alkenyl iodides, carbon monoxide, and electron-deficient alkenes. We observed two types of annulations processes, namely [4 + 1](radical)/[3 + 2](anionic) and [5 + 1](radical)/[3 + 2](anionic), which lead to the production of bicyclo[3.3.0]octanols and bicyclo[3.2.1]octanols, respectively. We found a radical/palladium hybrid system to be useful in the construction of new cyclic systems that incorporate two or three molecules of carbon monoxide.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Cytotoxicity of Fusarium species mycotoxins and culture filtrates of Fusarium species isolated from the medicinal plant Tribulus terrestris to mammalian cells.

Ayurvedic medicine, which uses decoctions made of medicinal plants, is used to cure diseases in many Asian countries including Sri Lanka. Although proper storage facilities for medicinal plants are unavailable in Sri Lanka, neither the potential for growth of toxigenic fungi nor their ability to produce mycotoxins in stored medicinal plants has been investigated. We isolated three Fusarium species, F. culmorum, F. acuminatum and F. graminearum from the medicinal plant Tribulus terrestris. Culture extracts of the 3 Fusarium spp. were cytotoxic to mammalian cell lines BHK-21 and HEP-2. Three toxic metabolites produced by Fusarium spp; T-2 toxin, zearalenone, and diacetoxyscirpenol were also cytotoxic to the mammalian cell lines. The 3 Fusarium spp. grown on rice media produced zearalenone. Plant material destined for medicinal use should be stored under suitable conditions to prevent growth of naturally occurring toxigenic fungi prior to its use.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Quantification of Methanosaeta Species in Anaerobic Bioreactors Using Genus- and Species-Specific Hybridization Probes.

A BSTRACTTo evaluate the role of Methanosaeta spp. in a variety of anaerobic environments, small-subunit rRNA targeted oligonucleotide hybridization probes were developed and experimentally characterized. The probes were designed to be genus specific for Methanosaeta and species specific for Methanosaeta concilii and Methanosaeta thermophila. The temperature of dissociation was determined for each probe. Probe specificities were determined using a diverse collection of Archaea and through an evaluation of probe nesting using samples from a variety of anaerobic bioreactors. Cell fixation and hybridization conditions for fluorescence in situ hybridizations were also evaluated. Although permeability of methanogens was variable, M. concilii cells could be permeabilized using a range of paraformaldehyde and ethanol based fixation conditions. Using the newly designed probes together with previously designed probes for methanogens, it was determined that Methanosaeta spp. were the dominant aceticlastic methanogens in a variety of anaerobic bioreactors when acetate concentrations were low. Their levels were higher in bioreactors with granular sludge than in those with flocculent sludge. In lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors, the levels of M. concilii rRNA were as high as 30% of the total rRNA.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Dietary cancer risk conditional cancerogens in produce of livestock fed on species of spurge (Euphorbiaceae). I. Skin irritant and tumor-promoting ingenane-type diterpene esters in E. peplus, one of several herbaceous Euphorbia species contaminating fodder of livestock.

The hypothesis was proposed that there is a risk of dietary cancer from conditional cancerogens in produce of livestock polluted with irritants of the diterpene ester type, picked up by feeding on species of Euphorbiaceae (spurge). To challenge this, several herbaceous plants of the genus Euphorbia, widespread as weeds and contaminants of livestock fodder, were identified botanically and extracts of their aerial parts were tested for irritancy on the mouse ear. As compared to a standard probe of croton oil, the extracts of E. peplus, E. nubica and E. helioscopia displayed irritancy. The most active extract (that from E. peplus) was investigated by a fractionation procedure monitored by the mouse ear assay, and five molecularly uniform irritant Euphorbia factors Pe1-Pe5 were identified as diterpene ester-type toxins. Together these factors comprise at least 11 ppm in the aerial parts. They were characterized individually to carry the diterpene parent alcohols ingenol, 20-deoxyingenol, and 20-deoxyingenol-6 alpha, 7alpha-epoxide. The irritancy of the aerial plant parts was shown to be caused mainly by the Euphorbia factors Pe1 and Pe2 together. Upon chronic administration of these irritants and hyperplasiogens as principal cancerogenic risk factors in the mouse skin initiation/promotion bioassay, Pe1 and Pe2 were established as tumor promoters. These findings together support the initial hypothesis and suggest the need for further investigations to determine whether there is a consequent risk of dietary cancer.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2002

Infection with Nocardia species: clinical spectrum of disease and species distribution in Madrid, Spain, 1978-2001.

BACKGROUND: Clinical experience with nocardiosis is very limited in European countries. We describe 34 cases of nocardial infection seen at one Spanish teaching hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of the clinical features and outcome of nocardial infections was conducted during a 24-year period (1978-2001). All cases were confirmed by culture. RESULTS: Predisposing factors included immunosuppression and/or pulmonary disease in 85% of patients; eight cases were related to HIV infection. Most isolates were initially identified as Nocardia asteroides complex (97%). The most common clinical form was pulmonary disease (41%), followed by disseminated (15%), cutaneous (12%), cerebral (9%) and articular disease (3%). A high proportion of patients (20%) had pulmonary colonization. Therapy with sulfonamides, imipenem or amikacin was given to 26 patients and a clinical response was observed in 65%. Overall mortality among patients with nocardial disease was 48% (13/27) but only seven patients (26%) died from nocardiosis. CONCLUSION: Nocardiosis remains a rare opportunistic infection that appears in immunosuppressed patients. HIV infection has become a common predisposing condition. The species distribution and disease spectrum are similar to those described in other European countries. Although most patients develop active disease, pulmonary colonization might not be as rare as has generally been assumed. Treatment with sulfonamides is usually effective and many patients may remain free of nocardial disease for a prolonged period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The fate of Hepatozoon species naturally infecting Florida black racers and watersnakes in potential mosquito and soft tick vectors, and histological evidence of pathogenicity in unnatural host species.

Haemogregarine parasites, derived from the Florida snakes Coluber constrictor and Nerodia fasciata and ingested by Aedes aegypti, completed sporogony within the hemocoeles of nearly all fed mosquitoes in 14-18 days, and produced oocysts typical of Hepatozoon. However, mortalities and morbidity were high in the Culex which had fed on the Coluber. Oocysts were not found in any Ornithodoros turicata (Argasidae) which fed upon either snake host, but many sections of fed ticks had gametocyte-like cells within the gut lumen. Most lizards, Anolis carolinensis and Anolis sagrei, infected per os with oocysts derived from both snake species developed infections. Infections in the lizards were largely confined to hepatic schizonts with few parasites found in erythrocytes. Unlike naturally infected snake hosts, Hepatozoon schizonts in livers of lizards were often either surrounded by an unidentified dark pigment or heavily infiltrated with mononuclear inflammatory cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Fasting and postprandial determinants for the occurrence of small dense LDL species in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with and without hypertriglyceridaemia: the involvement of insulin, insulin precursor species and insulin resistance.

We have studied low density lipoprotein (LDL) subclass distribution in a group of male patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and investigated its relationships to fasting and postprandial triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins, insulin resistance, lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1.1.3; LPL), hepatic lipase (EC 3.1.1.34; HL), lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase (EC 2.3.1.43; LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activities. LDL was subfractionated by density gradient ultracentrifugation. Postprandial lipoproteins were measured after an oral fat load using retinyl palmitate as a marker for intestinal TG-rich lipoproteins. Hypertriglyceridaemic NIDDMs (HTG) had a preponderance of small dense LDL particles present in the plasma and reduced amounts of large buoyant species when compared to normotriglyceridaemic patients (NTG) and controls. Both groups of diabetics were more insulin resistant than the controls (P < 0.05) and had raised concentrations of proinsulin (P < 0.05), although insulin content did not differ significantly. 32-33 split proinsulin (SPI) was the major insulin-like molecule present in HTG and was present in significantly higher amounts in these patients (P < 0.05) than either NTG or control subjects and correlated significantly with the presence of small dense LDL particles. After a test meal, the postprandial chylomicron response was greater in HTG than either NTG diabetics or controls (P < 0.05). Chylomicron remnants were present to a greater extent in HTG than in NTG and controls (P < 0.05), although in this case NTG also contained more chylomicron remnants than control subjects (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the LPL activity, CETP and LCAT between diabetics and controls, whereas an increase in hepatic lipase activity was seen in the HTG diabetics (P < 0.05). Both CETP and LCAT activities increased postprandially. Multivariate analysis showed that TG, HDL content and HL activity were the most important determinants of small dense LDL concentration in the fasting state (R2 = 67%). Postprandially, chylomicron remnant clearance, HL and insulin resistance were the major determinants (R2 = 61%) of LDL-III.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2006

Isolation from canned foods of a novel Thermoanaerobacter species phylogenetically related to Thermoanaerobacter mathranii (Larsen 1997): emendation of the species description and proposal of Thermoanaerobacter mathranii subsp. Alimentarius subsp. Nov.

Several anaerobic, thermophilic, Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from dairy products and canned meats. While some isolates were identified as Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus, comparisons of 16S rDNA genes indicated that others were phylogenetically closely related to Thermoanaerobacter mathranii, and more distantly related to Thermoanaerobacter thermocopriae and Thermoanaerobacter italicus. Biochemical characteristics, phylogenetic analysis, G+C content, and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments demonstrated that the strains AIP 504.99, AIP 505.99T and AIP 431.03, notwithstanding their high sequence similarities differ from T. mathranii and represent a novel T. mathranii subspecies for which the name T. mathranii subsp. alimentarius is proposed. The type strain is strain AIP 505.99T = CIP 108280T = CCUG 49566T. Emendation of the species description for T. mathranii is proposed to include this subspecies.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1996

Comparative susceptibilities of Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to 11 antimicrobial agents in a tertiary-care university hospital.

The in vitro activity of cefepime was compared versus that of 10 antimicrobial agents commonly used in the treatment of serious infections caused by common aerobic gram-negative bacteria: aztreonam, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, piperacillin, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, and tobramycin. We tested 30 clinical isolates representing a cross section of Klebsiella and Enterobacter species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected at our tertiary-care university hospital. The most potent beta-lactams were imipenem and cefepime, which demonstrated significant activity against the majority of strains in all 3 genera of bacteria tested, as did ciprofloxacin and tobramycin. Ceftazidime was active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa but was less potent against Klebsiella and Enterobacter spp. Cefoperazone and ceftriaxone were less active than ceftazidime against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cefepime was found to be highly active against many resistant organisms that traditionally have been difficult to treat.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗