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PubMed1989

[Brucella clearance as a sensitive method for the detection of cross reactions of Brucella abortus with Yersinia enterocolitica 03, 06, 09 and Salmonella urbana and Salmonella abony].

Determination of the Brucella clearance rate has proved to enable assessment of Brucella immune reaction in rat, even after vaccination with Yersiniae and Salmonellae. Vaccination with Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica O6 and O9 produced 95 per cent of "high responders", whereas 65 per cent of "high responders" and 25 per cent of "non-responders" were recorded in the wake of O3. Salmonella (S.) urbana vaccination gave 50 per cent of "high responders" and 27 per cent of "non-responders", while 100 per cent "non-responders" resulted from S. dublin. Vaccination, using Brucella abortus Buck 19, gave 100 per cent "high responders". The differentiated nature of immune reactions to Y. enterocolitica O3, S. urbana, and S. abony has been attributed to an individual genetic capability of reaction to the cross-reactive antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Immunochemistry of Salmonella O-antigens: characterization of the antibody response to Tyvelose 1 leads to 3 alpha mannose 1 leads to bovine serum albumin representative of Salmonella 0-antigen 9.

Immunization of rabbits with the synthetic disaccharide-protein conjugate, tyvelose 1 leads to alpha 3 mannose 1 leads to bovine serum albumin (TM-BSA) in Freund's complete adjuvant, gave rise to antibodies directed against both the disaccharide hapten and the carrier protein. The hapten antibodies were specific for O-antigen 9 of Salmonella and were superior in terms of specificity to conventional O factor 9 antibodies, as judged by passive haemagglutination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A complement dependent bactericidal assay demonstrated that the TM-BSA antibodies had bacteriolytic activity also directed against the O-antigen 9 Salmonella. The high specificity was evident in both the IgG and IgM antibody classes. In the bactericidal assay the IgM antibodies were more active than antibodies of the IgG class. The results suggested that IgG antibodies in hyperimmune serum blocked the complement dependent bactericidal activity of IgM antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Salmonella 38:g,z51:-, a new Salmonella of sub-genus IV: a serological study on the complex H-antigen g,z51 which can be divided into three sub-genus specific factors.

A new Salmonella of sub-genus IV with the antigen formula 38:g,z51:- has been isolated from a boa. Comparative studies of the H:g,z51 revealed that this phase only occurs in the sub-genera I, III and IV but not in sub-genus II. Furthermore it became evident that there exist typical serological differences between the g,z51 phases of Salmonella sub-genus I, III and IV which are of significance for the differential diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A new serotype of Salmonella: "Salmonella pisa (16:i:l,w)" (author's transl)].

A new Salmonella serotype with the antigenic formula 16:i:l,w and named S. pisa is described. The strain was recovered from the feces of a healthy person who had suffered enteritis during a previous sojourn in Ghana. The W.H.O. Salmonella Centre of Paris confirmed the antigenic structure and agreed with this designation.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1980

The O antigenic relationships amongst Dekkera, Hanseniaspora, Escherichia coli O:75, Salmonella cholerae-suis and Salmonella aberdeen.

The immune sera for Dekkera bruxellensis, D. intermedia and Hanseniaspora osmophila agglutinated Salmonella cholerae-suis (O:62,7) and vice versa. The immune serum for H. osmophila also agglutinated E. coli (O:75), S. aberdeen (O:11) and vice versa. Cross agglutination and absorption tests demonstrated common antigenic factor(s) between above mentioned yeasts and Salmonella O:62, O:7 antigens. H. osmophila also showed a common antigenic factor(s) with E. coli (O:75) and S. aberdeen (O:11).

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1976

Epidemiological studies on Salmonella in a certain area. ("Walcheren project"). II. Salmonella in the mesenteric lymph nodes and rectal contents of normal pigs.

All pigs slaughtered on the former island of Walcheren were examined over a one-year period for the presence of Salmonella in the mesenteric lymph nodes and rectal contents. Salmonella was demonstrated in 22.3% of the 7756 animals examined. 50 different serotypes were isolated, two of which (S. menhaden and S. mikawasima) being isolated in The Netherlands for the first time. Particulars of the farms were collected, a distinction being made between different types of farm (breeding, breeding-fattening and fattening farm), kinds of feed (pellets, pellets + meal, and meal) and numbers of fattening pigs per farm. The results show that there is a small difference in proportion of positive pigs between pellet and meal feeding in favour of pellet feeding: 20.9% against 23.7%. It is remarkable that on smaller farms (up to 100 pigs), this difference is considerably greater in favour of pellet feeding: 12 9% against 21.0%. It was also found that on farms with pellet feeding fewer serotypes were isolated on average than on farms with meal feeding.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2005

Characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and monophasic Salmonella serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates in Thailand.

Duplex PCR was developed to screen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium phage type DT104 and related strains in Thailand because a phage typing laboratory of serovar Typhimurium is not available. Of 46 isolates of serovar Typhimurium and 32 isolates of S. enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:-, 15 (33%) and 30 (94%) were duplex PCR positive, respectively. All isolates were submitted for phage typing to analyze the specificity of the PCR assay. Among serovar Typhimurium isolates that yielded positive duplex PCRs, only seven isolates were phage types DT104 or U302, and eight isolates were undefined types, whereas the negative PCR isolates were either other phage types, including DT7, DT12, DT66, DT79, DT166, DT170, DT193, and DT208 or an undefined type. The serovar Typhimurium and serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates that were duplex PCR positive were further subtyped by using XbaI PFGE to reveal their genetic relatedness. All serovar Typhimurium phage type DT104 strains had indistinguishable chromosomal patterns. The isolates of phage type U302 and most of the serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates that were duplex PCR positive yielded similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. The patterns of PCR-negative isolates distinctly differed from the patterns of PCR-positive isolates. A total of 26% of all isolates had a dominant R-type ACSSuTG that was not found in the isolates of phage type DT104.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Observations on the ecology of Salmonella waycross and Salmonella typhimurium on Guam.

A period of high incidence of human Salmonella infections on the island of Guam saw the emergence of S. waycross as the most commonly isolated serotype as well as a concurrent decreasing proportion of isolates due to S. typhimurium. Predation of local rodents by an introduced snake is believed to account for the decreased prevalence of S. typhimurium infections, but reasons for the increased prevalence of S. waycross infections are unknown.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Occurrence of Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 29 in Austria: an opportunity to assess the relevance of chicken meat as source of human Salmonella infections.

Assuming that the various phage types of Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) are largely equally virulent, the importance of certain foods as sources of infection for human salmonellosis can be deduced from differences in the distribution of phage types in human and non-human samples. In 2002, S. Enteritidis phage type 29 (PT29) was first isolated from non-human test samples in Austria. S. Enteritidis PT29 accounted for 44 (27.7%) of 159 S. Enteritidis strains, derived from veterinary samples of chicken (e.g. meat, giblets) or chicken habitations (e.g. swabs from the coop and excrement). At the food retail level (chicken meat, chicken liver), five (13.1%) of 38 S. Enteritidis isolates were PT29. The proportion of S. Enteritidis PT29 in human samples was much lower. Only 0.4% (30 human primary isolates) of all S. Enteritidis isolates in the year 2002, and 0.33% (23 human primary isolates) of all human S. Enteritidis strains in 2003 were PT29. In our opinion, the discrepancy between the high prevalence of S. Enteritidis PT29 in broilers and chicken meat and the low number of PT29 cases in humans indicates that chicken meat of Austrian origin is currently only a minor source of human S. Enteritidis infections.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Studies on immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DnaJ of Salmonella Typhi against lethal infection by Salmonella Typhimurium in mice.

In the present study DnaJ (HSP40) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi has been evaluated for its immunogenicity and efficacy in protecting mice against lethal challenge by S. enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. DnaJ was amplified by PCR of the genomic DNA of S. Typhi and subsequently cloned in pQE-30 expression vector. The protein was induced by IPTG and purified using Ni-NTA chromatography under denaturing conditions. After refolding in vitro the immune response was evaluated by injecting 40 microg DnaJ protein/mouse i.p. on 0th, 7th and 28th day. The results showed a significant increase in antibody titre and lymphocyte proliferation in animals immunised with DnaJ as compared to control. Further there was an appreciable increase in IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma production in lymphocytes isolated from immunised mice as compared to control. In this limited study, immunisation of mice with DnaJ was found to provide 70% protection against lethal challenge by S. Typhimurium indicating the possible use of DnaJ as vaccine candidate against typhoid.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The diagnosis of salmonella abortion in cattle with particular reference to Salmonella dublin. A review.

The diagnosis of abortion in cattle caused by Salmonella dublin depends upon the isolation of the organism from either the products of conception, uterine discharges, vaginal mucus or milk together with serological evidence of active infection. S. dublin may be isolated when an active or a latent carrier cow abourts but in these cases an active infection will not be demonstrable. The retrospective identification of a case of S. dublin abortion may prove difficult as excretion of the organism is usually transient and the serum agglutinating antibodies frequently fall to low titres soon after the abortion.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed2003

The pathogenicity of strains of Salmonella paratyphi B and Salmonella java.

AIMS: To relate the diseases caused by strains of Salmonella paratyphi B and S. java to pathogenic mechanisms expressed by these bacteria for the purpose of organism discrimination. METHODS AND RESULTS: Epidemiological data relating to cases of disease caused by strains of S. paratyphi B and S. java, isolated over a 10-year period, were analysed with respect to patients' symptoms, particularly those involving enteric fever. Strains of S. paratyphi B and S. java were also examined for a range of known pathogenic mechanisms. Infection with S. paratyphi B involved pyrexia in 12.5% of patients compared with 2.2% of patients infected with S. java. These organisms could not be differentiated based on the pathogenic properties examined. CONCLUSIONS: Strains of S. paratyphi B appear not to be a major cause of enteric fever but primarily a cause of gastroenteritis, in common with S. java. Both organisms express similar pathogenic mechanisms, and strains of S. java are probably d-tartrate utilizing variants of S. paratyphi B. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Strains of S. paratyphi B are very closely related organisms, primarily causing gastroenteritis. From this study it would appear that strains of S. paratyphi B are not a major cause of enteric fever.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Phage types, antibiotic susceptibilities and plasmid profiles of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis strains isolated in Istanbul, Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: To examine 13 Salmonella typhimurium and 22 S. enteritidis strains isolated from individual cases of gastroenteritis for their phage types, antibiotic susceptibilities and plasmid profiles. METHODS: The phage typing of S. typhimurium strains was done according to the method of Anderson et al, and the phage typing scheme of Ward et al was used for phage typing of S. enteritidis strains. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production of the strains was determined by the three-dimensional method. Plasmid profiles of the strains were examined using the method described by Kado and Liu with some modification by Graeber et al. RESULTS: Two S. typhimurium strains were DT 193 and one was DT 22, whereas 10 strains were untypable. PT 4 was the predominant phage type among S. enteritidis strains. Four S. enteritidis strains were DT 6a, three strains were PT 1 and one strain was PT 8, whereas only one strain was untypable. Eleven of 13 S. typhimurium and three of 22 S. enteritidis strains were found to be multiresistant. Ten different resistance patterns among S. typhimurium and four different resistance patterns among S. enteritidis strains were detected. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production was detected in 10 of 13 S. typhimurium and in three of 22 S. enteritidis strains. All S. typhimurium strains but one were found to contain at least one plasmid, with molecular masses varying between 4 and 107 MDa, and 11 different plasmid patterns were determined. Plasmid pattern analysis permitted further differentiation of the S. enteritidis strains into nine groups. A serovar-specific virulence plasmid of 36 MDa was detected in 13 of 22 S. enteritidis strains. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the majority of S. typhimurium strains were closely related.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

A new selective medium for the isolation of Salmonellae other than Salmonella typhi.

A medium consisting of a MacConkey's base with added magnesium, calcium, cobalt, zinc, thiosulphate, novobiocin, iron dextran, Tween 80 and EDTA has been found highly selective for Salmonellaparatyphi B and most of the food poisoning salmonellae that commonly occur in Britain. Nearly all the normal faecal flora is inhibited.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1985

Molecular analysis confirms food source and simultaneous involvement of two distinct but related subgroups of Salmonella typhimurium bacteriophage type 10 in major interprovincial Salmonella outbreak.

More than 2,000 confirmed cases of food poisoning occurred in the four Atlantic provinces of Canada and in Ontario during the second and third quarters of 1984. Salmonella typhimurium phage type 10 was identified as the etiologic agent, and cheddar cheese was implicated as the source of infection. Strains isolated from infected humans and from cheese were indistinguishable by biotyping, antibiotic resistance typing, and phage typing. Plasmid analysis confirmed cheese as the source of infection and revealed the presence of two molecular subgroups of bacteriophage type 10. Group I strains carried 57-, 22.3-, and 3.4-kilobase (kb) plasmids; group II strains carried 57-, 4.6-, and 3.4-kb plasmids. Digestion with endonucleases HaeIII, HpaII, and AvaIII indicated that the 3.4-kb plasmids were identical. This outbreak was, therefore, caused by a mixed infection with two distinct but related bacteria. Group I strains are fairly common among Canadian S. typhimurium phage type 10 isolates, whereas group II strains appeared to be unique to this outbreak.

Canada↗
PubMed1976

Influence of temperature on growth of lipopolysaccharide-deficient (rough) mutants of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella minnesota.

Smooth strains of Salmonella typhimurium and S. minnesota, and chemotypes Ra, Rb, and Rc, which are deficient in lipopolysaccharide components of the somatic side chains and outer core region, grow normally on nutrient agar and nutrient broth up to 45 degrees C. However, most mutants with defects in the heptose region of the LPS (chemotypes Rd2 and Re) do not grow on this medium at 42 degrees C or above; a few grow at 42 degrees C but not at 45 degrees C. In liquid medium (nutrient broth, or phosphate minimal medium), growth, measured as turbidity or as colony-forming units, stops 60 to 90 min after shift from 30 to 42 degrees C; DNA and protein synthesis cease at the same time. Growth does not reoccur at 42 degrees C; protein synthesis and growth reinitiate upon shift to 30 or 37 degrees C. Growth cessation does not alter cell morphology in the phase-contrast microscope. Growth of heptose-deficient strains at 42 degrees C in nutrient broth is restored by MgCl2 (0.5 mM), NaCl (50 mM), or sucrose (100 mM). Sensitivity to smooth-specific and rough-specific phages, and analysis of LPS composition, indicate that heptose-deficient mutants grown at temperatures from 30 to 45 degrees C, and in the presence or absence of high salt, do not contain heptose or O-specific sugars in their LPS.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Competitive exclusion of Salmonella enteritidis by Salmonella gallinarum in poultry.

Salmonella Enteritidis emerged as a major egg-associated pathogen in the late 20th century. Epidemiologic data from England, Wales, and the United States indicate that S. Enteritidis filled the ecologic niche vacated by eradication of S. Gallinarum from poultry, leading to an epidemic increase in human infections. We tested this hypothesis by retrospective analysis of epidemiologic surveys in Germany and demonstrated that the number of human S. Enteritidis cases is inversely related to the prevalence of S. Gallinarum in poultry. Mathematical models combining epidemiology with population biology suggest that S. Gallinarum competitively excluded S. Enteritidis from poultry flocks early in the 20th century.

Animals↗