Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Pentachlorophenol”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of pentachlorophenol in animal tissues: a Canadian perspective.

Analytical methods for pentachlorophenol (PCP) residues in edible animal tissue have been reviewed, with particular reference to gas chromatographic methods of analysis. Results of analyses demonstrate that significant residues of PCP can persist for several weeks in animals exposed to contaminated bedding. National surveys in Canada have found that the incidence of PCP residues in pork in excess of 0.1 ppm was reduced from 32% of survey samples in 1981-1982 to 6.6% of samples tested in 1987-1988. An interlaboratory sample exchange among Canadian laboratories demonstrated that the PCP analytical method currently used by Agriculture Canada could be successfully transferred to other laboratories. An exchange of samples between regulatory laboratories of Agriculture Canada and the Food Safety and Inspection Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) demonstrated equivalency of results for the 2 methods currently used in the respective laboratories, with relative standard deviations for analytical results ranging from 4.4 to 22.2%.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Skin lesions as a sign of subacute pentachlorophenol intoxication.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and its sodium salt are frequently used in wood preservatives. Little is known about the effects on man when being chronically exposed. Only vague skin symptoms, such as rashes, acne and cutaneous infections were described. We present two cases of pemphigus vulgaris with a known non-occupational chronic PCP exposure. The clinical course and the titer of pemphigus antibodies roughly correlate with the PCP levels in serum. In one case of chronic urticaria the exacerbations also run parallel to the PCP serum levels and increased anti-skin antibodies, without any manifestation of pemphigus vulgaris. The role of PCP as one of the causes provoking pemphigus vulgaris and chronic urticaria with raised anti-skin antibodies is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Validation study of gas chromatographic determination of pentachlorophenol in animal liver.

A validation study was conducted of a gas chromatographic procedure for the determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in chicken, pork, and beef liver. Five analysts representing 5 laboratories analyzed randomly numbered blind duplicates at 3 fortified tissue concentrations and one incurred tissue on 2 consecutive days. The PCP concentrations ranged from approximately 40 to 400 parts per billion (ppb). All data were reported to 3 significant figures in ppb. The coefficients of variation for repeatability were between 2.8 and 8.5%, except for the beef liver, at a mean value of 80 ppb PCP, where the CV was 11.3%. The CVs for reproducibility were in the range of 9.7-16.5% with little significant difference by species. The CV asymptotically approached 10% as the PCP level increased.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Pentachlorophenol inhibition of succinate oxidation by the respiratory chain in submitochondrial particles from the bovine heart].

Study on the effect of pentachlorophenol on the succinate oxidase activity of submitochondrial particles and on the reduction level of cytochromes b revealed that the Ki value for PCP is equal to 2-4 microM. The succinate-DCPIP-reductase activity is noncompetitively inhibited with PCP (by 75-85%) (Ki = 3.6 microM). In the case of the succinate-PMS-reductase activity PCP at micromolar concentrations decreases the value of V only by 40% (C50 = 2 microM) with a simultaneous increase of the Km value for PMS. The identity of Ki values for PCP under these conditions suggests that the effect of PCP is due to the inhibitor interaction with the same component of the succinate dehydrogenase complex. The type of action of PCP on the succinate-acceptor-reductase activities indicates that the inhibiting effect of PCP on succinate oxidations is similar to that exerted by traditional inhibitors of succinate dehydrogenase--tenoyltrifluoroacetone and carboxins. Since PCP inhibits succinate dehydrogenase at low concentrations, it seems likely that the biological (pesticidal) effect of PCP is provided for not only by its uncoupling action but also by the inhibition of succinate oxidation in the respiratory chain.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Liquid-chromatographic determination of urinary pentachlorophenol.

We developed and evaluated a simple liquid-chromatographic method for urinary pentachlorophenol (PCIP) determination with ultraviolet detection. PCIP and the internal standard (2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, TCP) were extracted with a solid-phase extraction column, and 50 microL of the collected eluate was injected into the chromatograph. The intra-assay and interassay CVs were 6.6% (n = 20) and 7.9% (n = 10), respectively. The analytical recoveries varied from 89% to 96%, with absolute recoveries ranging from 82% to 88%. Thirty urine specimens collected from 30 unexposed individuals were analyzed by the current method, and results were all less than the minimum detection limit, 0.25 mg/L. Results for five specimens from workers who had been exposed to PCIP ranged from 7.0 to 12.4 mg/L. The standard curve was linear to 300 mg/L. This procedure is adaptable to automated analysis, and therefore suitable for monitoring industrial exposure of workers.

Chlorophenols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gas chromatographic determination of pentachlorophenol in gelatin: collaborative study.

Eleven collaborators participated in this study of a gas chromatographic method for the determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in gelatin. Following acid hydrolysis of a 2 g sample, PCP is extracted with hexane and partitioned into KOH solution. After reacidification, PCP is again extracted with hexane for determination by electron capture gas chromatography on a 1% SP-1240DA column. Three duplicate practice samples (0.0, 0.5, and 1.5 ppm) and 5 blind duplicate collaborative samples (0.0, 0.02, 0.1, 0.5, and 2.0 ppm) were analyzed by each collaborator. Mean recoveries of PCP in the collaborative samples ranged from 88% at the 0.02 ppm fortification level to 102% at the 0.1 ppm level; the overall mean recovery was 96%. Interlaboratory coefficients of variation ranged from 16.4% for the 0.1 ppm fortification level to 22.9% for the 0.5 ppm level; the overall interlaboratory coefficient of variation was 19.5%. The method has been adopted official first action.

Chlorophenols↗
PubMed1979

[Pentachlorophenol poisoning in nestlings of canaries (Serinus canarius) (author's transl)].

Using binder twine of bales of straw as nesting material for canaries apparently resulted in a reduction of hatchability. However, the outstanding feature was the high mortality rate during the first week after hatching, with a peak on the fourth day and nestlings never growing any older than three months. Other symptoms consisted in marked retardation of growth and poor growth of feathers. The adult birds presented a normal appearance. The most likely cause was the presence of pentachlorophenol (PCP) averaging 285 ppm).

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of pentachlorophenol in milk.

A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method developed by other workers for determining pentachlorophenol (PCP) in water has been adapted for determining PCP in raw and homogenized milk. PCP is extracted from milk with benzene and from the benzene into a potassium carbonate solution. Acetic anhydride is added to the aqueous solution to form PCP acetate, which is extracted into hexane and then determined by electron capture GLC. Duplicate determinations of PCP in milk fortified at levels of 0.02, 0.2, and 2.0 ppm gave respective average recoveries of 80.0, 87.2, and 85.0%. PCP levels as low as 0.005 ppm can be detected in 20 g milk.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Calcium-dependent increase in the potassium permeability of human red blood cells by pentachlorophenol and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol.

The effects of four phenol derivatives on the Ca2+ and K+ permeability of human red cells were studied at 0 degree C using 45Ca2+ and 86Rb+. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), which are mainly ionized at physiological pH, produced a marked influx of Ca2+ that increased with increasing pH. The elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration was completely (TNP 5-10 mM, PCP 0.5 mM) or partly (PCP 1.0 mM) responsible for a concomitant increase in potassium permeability. No effects were found in connection with the weakly ionized 4-CI and 4-CI-3,5-di-CH3 derivatives at 1.0-5.0 mM and 0.5-2.0 mM, respectively. The fact that ionized phenols are able to transfer Ca2+ from water to a hydrophobic phase suggests that they may act as weak Ca2+ ionophores in the red cell plasma membrane.

Calcium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improved Storherr tube for assisted and sweep co-distillation cleanup of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and pentachlorophenol from animal fats.

A procedure is presented for the simultaneous extraction from animal fat and quantitation of 15 pesticide residues, 4 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) formulations, and pentachlorophenol (PCP). Silanization of the Storherr tube packing reduces thermal decomposition and allows for residue recoveries in excess of 88% from pork, beef, chicken, sheep, and rabbit fat. This Storherr tube performs well in either the assisted distillation or sweep co-distillation mode of operation. Detection limits of 2-5 ppb for the pesticides and 10 ppb for the PCBs are readily attained.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Plasma pentachlorophenol concentrations in calves exposed to treated wood in the environment.

Six calves were fed grain and hay from a pentachlorophenol (PCP)-treated feeder twice daily. Samples of blood were collected twice a week. Plasma PCP concentrations increased rapidly to a maximum of 1,086 microgram/L within 10 days. After the 3rd week, calves were denied access to the treated feeder; PCP values returned rapidly to near base line (before calves were fed from the treated feeder). After base-line plasma PCP values were reached, 4 of the 6 calves were housed in a total confinement building and exposed (by inhalation) to lumber that was commercially treated with PCP. The building itself was free of structural PCP-treated lumber. The ratio of building volume to treated wood surface was approximately 49 to 1. During the 3 weeks the calves were confined, PCP values did not increase and were markedly lower than those associated with oral exposure to treated wood. Oral dosing of calves with PCP in capsules--0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg--resulted in maximal plasma PCP values of 1,449 and 9,555 micrograms/L, respectively. Oral exposures (feeding from contaminated feeder; capsule) appeared to be more important than inhalation in causing increased plasma PCP concentrations in cattle. Exposure from these sources may be estimated by comparison with experimental values from dose-response studies. Feeding from treated feeders resulted in lower plasma PCP values than did dosing with 0.05 mg/kg daily.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gas chromatographic determination of pentachlorophenol in gelatin.

A method is described for the determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in gelatin. The method employs acid and heat to hydrolyze the gelatin matrix, a base partition and wash for separation and cleanup, and a reacidification and extraction with hexane for direct determination of PCP, without preparation of a derivative, using gas chromatography (GC) with a 1% SP- 124ODA liquid phase and a 63Ni electron capture detector. Recoveries averaged 106% for fortifications between 0.02 and 1.0 ppm. The limit of quantitation is 20 ppb. The limit of detection is 4-6 ppb. The method, which has undergone a successful intralaboratory trial, is simple and rapid, and requires only general laboratory reagents and equipment. GC of the acetate derivative of PCP is used for confirmation of identity.

Chlorophenols↗
PubMed1983

Pentachlorophenol poisoning.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a pesticide commonly used as a wood preservative. Although exposure has been well controlled in large chemical manufacturing plants, over-exposures have recently becomes a concern at smaller facilities. Five cases of PCP poisoning, including two fatalities, occurred in two small wood preservative plants. All cases presented with fever, including severe hyperpyrexia in two; an increased anion gap and renal insufficiency were noted in two others. PCP may uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in a poisoning syndrome characterized by hyperpyrexia, diaphoresis, tachycardia, tachypnea, abdominal pain, nausea, and even death.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Mass fragmentographic determination of pentachlorophenol in rainbow trout.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is extracted from selected tissues of rainbow trout and converted to pentachloroanisole (PCA) by means of alkylation in the presence of potassium carbonate as a condensing agent. Pentachlorophenetole (PPT) is used as an internal standard. The electron impact mass fragmentography is carried out by monitoring m/e 280 (PCA), 294 (PPT), and 237. A plot of peak height vs. concentration is linear from 0.03 to 4.0 ng. Accuracy and precision of the method is +/-2% (N - 36). The results are accurate enough to warrant the use of this method for determining PCP in fish, as well as for monitoring PCP from various environmental sources. In addition, this technique provides a simple and rapid method by which a mixture of PCA and PCP can be determined simultaneously.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Pentachlorophenol concentrations in tissues and body fluids of normal persons (author's transl)].

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) analyses were performed on tissues and body fluids removed at autopsy from 21 human subjects from the geographical area of Northern Bavaria. The measured concentration of PCP in the urine range between 0.26 micrograms/ml and the detection limit (about 0.001 micrograms/ml); the median was 0.0044 micrograms/ml. The blood levels varied between 0.069 micrograms/ml and the detection limit (about 0.005 micrograms/ml); the median was 0.023 micrograms/ml. These results are well comparable with the data given in literature. The concentrations in blood and plasma are about 5 times higher than in urine. For levels below 0.1 micrograms/ml, in blood and plasma nearly the same PCP-concentration were found. All the investigated tissue contained PCP within concentrations from 0.219 micrograms/g to 0.007 micrograms/g. For the tissue samples the following medians were calculated: liver 0.067 micrograms/g, kidney 0.043 micrograms/g, brain 0.047 micrograms/g, spleen 0.019 micrograms/g, body fat 0.013 micrograms/g. Fatal ended PCP-intoxications described in literature, showed PCP-levels in average 1,000 times higher than our results. The PCP-levels in bodyfluids of occupationally exposed groups were found in an order of magnitude of 1.0 micrograms/ml. For the population in Northern Bavaria there are existing no probably hints for health impairments due to PCP-exposure at the recent time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Extraction of pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol residues from field-contaminated carrots and potatoes: comparison of several methods.

A number of solvent extraction systems were investigated for their efficiency in removing residues of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and tetrachlorophenol (TCP) from field-contaminated carrots and potatoes. Greatest numerical yields of PCP and TCP, for both carrots (9 and 5 ng/g, respectively) and potatoes (147 and 11 ng/g, respectively), were obtained by Soxhlet extraction with acidified acetone for 44 hr. Within the limits of experimental error, equivalent results could be obtained by using a 20 hr Soxhlet extraction with acidified acetone for carrots, and a 5 min blending with acidified acetone for potatoes. Extracts were reacted with diazoethane to form the ethyl ethers of PCP and TCP, followed by cleanup on a Florisil column. A gas-liquid chromatograph equipped with a 63Ni linearized electron capture detector was used for identification and quantitation.

Chlorophenols↗
PubMed1980

Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of pentachlorophenol in Mason jar lids and home canned foods.

A method was developed for the determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in the seals and enamel of Mason lids. After extraction with acidic CH2Cl2 and methylation, the resulting pentachloroanisole was determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) with electron capture detection (EC). Three of the 9 brands of lids examined contained PCP. Levels were as high as 198 micrograms/lid. Recoverires from fortified samples ranged from 92 to 103%. Six fruits and vegetables were canned by home canning techniques, using lids shown to contain PCP. PCP in these foods was determined by a procedure specifying extraction with acidic CH2Cl2 and gel permeation chromatography cleanup. Extracts were methylated and determined by GLC-EC. PCP was found in all the canned foods. Levels were as high as 16 micrograms/qt. Recoveries from foods fortified with PCP ranged from 85 to 94%. The presence of PCP was confirmed by GLC-mass spectrometric determination of the derivative, pentachloroanisole.

Chlorophenols↗
PubMed1996

Influence of environmental adaptation on the sensitivity of micromycetes to pentachlorophenol toxicity in microcosms.

The search for fungal strains capable of pentachlorophenol degradation led to the isolation and identification of 98 different micromycetes. When these strains were submitted to toxicity tests in aquatic microcosms at concentrations of 10 mgL-1 and 100 mgL-1 PCP, inhibition of growth was 57% and 36% respectively of the total isolated and identified strains. Among the strains inhibited at 10 mgL-1, 6 can serve as bioindicators of PCP pollution while the strains resistant can be regarded as potential PCP biodegraders. It was confirmed that fungal strains isolated from sites contaminated by chemically different products manifest different levels of sensitivity to PCP toxicity and probably different biodegradation potentials.

Adaptation, Physiological↗