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PubMed1998

The use of conversational repair strategies by children who are deaf.

The investigation examined conversational repair strategies of deaf and hearing children in response to a partner's indication of communication breakdown. Eight profoundly deaf children who used total communication were compared with eight hearing children; the children were matched by age and sex. Each child was videotaped engaging in two language sample elicitation activities--one structured, one informal. An investigator initiated 10 stacked clarification request sequences consisting of three neutral requests--"Huh?"; "What?"; "I don't understand"--per sequence. Language samples from the sequences were transcribed; repair response types were coded. Frequencies and percentages of occurrence were derived for each request type in each repair category and for each language condition. Deaf and hearing children employed different repair strategies. Deaf children were more likely to revise utterances; hearing children were as likely to repeat utterances as to revise, and were more likely to provide cue repairs. No significant differences were noted when communication conditions were compared. When facing communication breakdown, deaf children persisted effectively in clarifying utterances.

Child↗

PubMed2005

[Violence in conjugal relations: concealing and taking sexual violence for granted].

This article presents the results of a qualitative study of women who had filed complaints of domestic violence, situating gender relations in a broader context. The authors focus on the meaning ascribed to sexual coercion in violent relations, suggesting that conjugal sexual violence is related to the perverse effects of changes in the sexual division of labor and the aggravated double demands on women from housework and the workplace, in relation to the dismantling of the male's role as provider in situations of poverty. In this context, women's refusal to engage in sex (a form of resistance which expresses their desire to be sexual protagonists and communicates disappointment with their partners) can be seen as contributing to the exacerbation of conjugal violence. In their partial position of "subjects of resistance", these women reveal a situation of oppression which is rarely referred to as violence: feelings of disgust and repulsion following sexual relations conceded as "conjugal rights" are similar to those manifested by victims of rape by strangers (which, in contrast, is generally recognized as "sexual violence").

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Embryonic regulation of endometrial molecules in human implantation.

Embryonic implantation requires co-ordinated development of the blastocyst and the maternal endometrium. Considerable advances have been made in understanding the cell biology of these partner tissues separately. Nevertheless, communication between these tissues and the reciprocal effects of these tissues on each other constitutes an exciting and as yet unsolved paradigm in reproductive medicine. Crosstalk between the embryo, endometrium and the corpus luteum is known to occur in ruminants and primates, and, more specifically, endometrial-embryonic interactions are reported in rodents and primates. In this review, an in vitro model for analysing the interactions between human endometrial epithelium and blastocyst in the adhesion phase of embryonic implantation is presented. The results of investigations of embryonic regulation of endometrial epithelial molecules such as adhesion molecules, mucins, chemokines and cytoskeleton proteins are also presented.

Blastocyst↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Developing community-academic partnerships to enhance breast health among rural and Hispanic migrant and seasonal farmworker women.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To examine effective strategies for building community-academic partnerships for the promotion of breast cancer education and outreach among rural and Hispanic migrant and seasonal farmworker women, mostly from Mexican descent. DATA SOURCES: Published research and education articles and books, community-education models, personal experiences, and community key informant feedback. DATA SYNTHESIS: Effective community partnerships for enhanced education and outreach include a framework based on a network of partners with common goals, communication processes based on trust, and bilingual/bicultural and culturally competent staff. CONCLUSIONS: A sustainable community partnership can be achieved through systematic but flexible approaches to community planning. Involvement of community members in the development and implementation of education and screening activities helps ensure that community needs are met. Relationships based on mutual respect are key. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses can act as catalysts through community capacity building to create community-academic partnerships to reach medically underserved populations with cancer screening, outreach, and education through the delivery of strategies that are based on common goals.

Academies and Institutes↗

PubMed2004

The impact of rheumatoid arthritis on patients' sex lives.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic disease that has the potential to affect all aspects of patients' lives, including their sexual activities and relationships. This article reports on a review of the literature assessing the problems that patients experience and whether they are addressed by health professionals. The literature indicates that many patients experience problems and that symptoms such as fatigue and pain impact negatively on sexual function. Some relationships suffer as a result but most partners are sympathetic. Poor communication between patient and health professionals is a common problem that needs to be addressed.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗

PubMed2004

Integration of child health information systems: current state and local health department efforts.

Public health departments at the state and local levels are pursuing integration strategies to consolidate child health information systems to improve child health. Eighteen health departments were interviewed in this exploratory research study to gather information to describe their current activities related to integrating child health information systems. Results illustrate the common systems being brought together and the technical process for doing so, financing mechanisms, range of anticipated information-users and their method of access to the integrated system, and common internal and external challenges and strengths that the health departments face. The evidence suggests a trend towards more efficient and thoughtful use of the multiplicity of information systems within public health departments as programs consolidate and share data and expand electronic communication with their external partners in the health care delivery system to improve children's health.

Child↗

PubMed2005

[Sexual problems in women after surgical interventions].

Sexual disorders following operative interventions have a variety of causes. Apart from functional disturbances (e.g. as a result of the formation of scar tissue, hormone deficiencies, etc.), problems arising from the psychological problem of coping with the intervention itself also play an important role. A major course of conflict lies in communication problems between the partners involved. Potential sexual disorders should be discussed in the preoperative period, with the aim of enabling the patient to come to terms with the postoperative situation. However, it remains a task of the physician after the operation to actively support the patient in dealing with the traumatization she has experienced.

Breast↗

PubMed1985

Investigation into the participation of male pheromones of Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi during infestation.

It was shown in this study that Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi males emit pheromones in the preparasitic as well as in the parasitic phases. Conspecific unengorged male and female images exhibited a high response to water-soluble volatiles collected from unengorged males. A vigorous assembly of unfed female R. evertsi evertsi occurred on filter paper discs which had been in contact with either unfed or 5- and 9-day fed males. Progressively increasing percentages of conspecific unengorged males reacted to organic soluble volatiles obtained from 5- and 9-day fed males as well as to hexane washings of intact males which had fed for 9 days. It is concluded that R. evertsi evertsi males participate not only as pheromone receptive, but also as pheromone emitting, partners in the intraspecific communication of this tick species.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

[Psychological aspects relating to artificial donor insemination (ADI) (author's transl)].

Discussed in this paper is the psychic situation of sterile couples who resort to artificial insemination, using donor semen (ADI). --Careful psychodiagnostic checking prior to ADI seems to be essential to forestalling psychic problems. ADI treatment should be applied solely to really sterile couples of stable psychic status and with good communication between the two partners. A method of psychological preparation for ADI is described. Psychodiagnostic examinations should be followed by specific gynaecological checks. Such approach will yield at least two advantages: 1. Gynaecological examination will not be necessary, if contra-indications are concluded from psychological checking 2. Early psychological assessment of sterile couples will become possible. Favourable psychic development of both couples and children born as a result of ADI will be an additional advantage of high probability.

Attitude↗

PubMed2006

Heterosexual assumptions in verbal and non-verbal communication in nursing.

AIM: This paper reports a study of what lesbian women and gay men had to say, as patients and as partners, about their experiences of nursing in hospital care, and what they regarded as important to communicate about homosexuality and nursing. BACKGROUND: The social life of heterosexual cultures is based on the assumption that all people are heterosexual, thereby making homosexuality socially invisible. Nurses may assume that all patients and significant others are heterosexual, and these heteronormative assumptions may lead to poor communication that affects nursing quality by leading nurses to ask the wrong questions and make incorrect judgements. METHOD: A qualitative interview study was carried out in the spring of 2004. Seventeen women and 10 men ranging in age from 23 to 65 years from different parts of Sweden participated. They described 46 experiences as patients and 31 as partners. FINDINGS: Heteronormativity was communicated in waiting rooms, in patient documents and when registering for admission, and nursing staff sometimes showed perplexity when an informant deviated from this heteronormative assumption. Informants had often met nursing staff who showed fear of behaving incorrectly, which could lead to a sense of insecurity, thereby impeding further communication. As partners of gay patients, informants felt that they had to deal with heterosexual assumptions more than they did when they were patients, and the consequences were feelings of not being accepted as a 'true' relative, of exclusion and neglect. Almost all participants offered recommendations about how nursing staff could facilitate communication. CONCLUSION: Heterosexual norms communicated unconsciously by nursing staff contribute to ambivalent attitudes and feelings of insecurity that prevent communication and easily lead to misconceptions. Educational and management interventions, as well as increased communication, could make gay people more visible and thereby encourage openness and awareness by hospital staff of the norms that they communicate through their language and behaviour.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Causes of sexual dysfunction.

Sexual problems can be classified as related to (1) desire, (2) arousal and penetration, (3) orgasm, and (4) subjective assessment. The usual cause of sexual dysfunction is psychosocial, eg, past conditioning, inadequate communication and cooperation between sexual partners. Possible organic or psychiatric causes should be ruled out, however.

Communication↗

PubMed2004

Associations between relationship support and psychological reactions of participants and partners to BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing in a clinic-based sample.

BACKGROUND: Despite the potential importance of communication about genetic testing between test participants and their significant others, little is known about social support and communication between women undergoing BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing and their partners. PURPOSE: The aims of this longitudinal study were to examine communication about genetic testing during and following testing and to evaluate whether communication is associated with psychological distress reported by test participants and their partners. METHODS: Participants were 153 women who were undergoing genetic testing and 118 partners of women undergoing testing. Relationship communication and distress were evaluated at the time of pretest education and 6 months postdisclosure. RESULTS: Overall, the decision to undergo testing was discussed by the majority of test participants and partners, and most couples felt their partners were supportive. Most women disclosed their results to their partners. Longitudinal analyses suggested that less support and protective buffering were associated with greater distress 6 months postdisclosure among test participants, whereas lower comfort in sharing concerns and partner support were associated with lower distress 6 months postdisclosure among partners. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the majority of couples respond supportively during the test experience, but for a small subset of couples the process can strain the relationship. Partner support during this process is important, particularly for test participants dealing with an uninformative test result.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗

PubMed1994

Sexual partner change and condom use among urban factory workers in northwest Tanzania.

OBJECTIVE: To describe sexual partner change and condom use at the intake of a cohort study of urban factory workers in Tanzania. METHODS: From October 1991 to March 1992, 926 male and 170 female factory workers were interviewed using a structured, pre-coded questionnaire. Questionnaire reliability was assessed by pre-testing and comparison with results of unstructured interviews and carrying out repeat questionnaires on a sub-sample. RESULTS: Almost half of both men and women had had sexual intercourse by their 17th birthday. The period of premarital sex had an interquartile range of 2 to 10 years in men and 0 to 2.5 years in women. Having had sexual intercourse in the past month with more than one partner was reported by 22% of the men and 5% of the women. Factors associated with multiple partners in men were being born in or near Mwanza Region, having low education and low income, and being married. Condoms had been used in the past month by 3% only, mainly with casual partners. Condom use in men was associated with being young, living in town, being born in Kagera Region, high education and high income, being circumcised, and having causal or steady (non- martial) partners. CONCLUSION: Information, education and communication (IEC) on sexual relationships and condom use should start at an early age, and include education at primary schools. Much sexual partner change appears to occur through steady (non-marital) partnerships, indicating the need for IEC to be expanded beyond groups such as commercial sex workers and their clients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Color blindness and interracial interaction: playing the political correctness game.

Two experiments explored the ramifications of endorsing color blindness as a strategy for appearing unprejudiced. In Study 1, Whites proved adept at categorizing faces on the basis of race, but understated their ability to do so. In Study 2, Whites playing the Political Correctness Game--a matching task that requires describing other individuals--were less likely to use race as a descriptor when paired with a Black partner than when paired with a White partner, a strategy that impaired communication and performance. In addition, avoidance of race was associated with Whites making less eye contact with and appearing less friendly toward Black partners.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

"Health is strength": a research collaboration involving Korean Americans in Alameda County.

INTRODUCTION: This is a preliminary report from a research collaboration between Asian Health Services (community health center); Koreans in Alameda County, California; and the University of California at Berkeley School of Public Health. This five-year Centers for Disease Control and Prevention project supports a collaborative community intervention to improve breast and cervical cancer screening behavior among Korean women. METHODS: A Korean Community Advisory Board and Korean-American staff were recruited, and community sensitive research (CSR) and participatory action research (PAR) principles were applied: (1) building community infrastructure for sustainable action, (2) cultural appropriateness, (3) assuring responsiveness to community needs, and (4) a prevention focus that would assist health care providers. We conducted a population-based telephone survey on 676 Korean adults (272 men and 404 women). RESULTS: The collaborative process yielded (1) a high response rate (79%), (2) baseline health information on Korean Americans, (3) broadening of the original research topic, (4) survey responses that will guide intervention design, (5) culturally competent strategies, and (6) expanded Korean-American Community capacity for local action. CONCLUSIONS: Research collaboration between universities, community-based organizations, and ethnic communities can yield high-quality research. CSR and PAR approaches help break through cultural barriers in otherwise "hard to reach" API sub-populations. Determinants of success include sharing common goals; trust, honesty, and integrity; shared decision making; mutual respect of each partner's expertise; cultural sensitivity and cultural competence; flexibility, good communication, and mutual learning; and continuity of partners. Actively engaging members of the study population in the research process builds community capacity, thus laying the foundation for future projects that improve health status.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Working with older people with communication difficulties: an evaluation of care worker training.

Studies suggest that a high proportion of older people in residential and nursing care have communication difficulties and there is some awareness of the need for staff training to allow effective communication to be achieved. This paper describes part of the evaluation of a one-day training package aimed at enabling care staff to communicate with older people who have a variety of communication difficulties. Care staff from four partner agencies completed questionnaires pre- and post-training, addressing contact with people with communication disorders, previous training on communication, knowledge about communication, attitudes towards communication problems and strategies to help communication with people who have communication difficulties. Positive gains were found in attitudes and self-perceptions of knowledge and competence, as well as in appropriate citations of strategies to enhance communication. The findings are discussed with reference to the need for enhanced communication skills in care workers engendered by current developments in care policy.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

International educational partnership for practice: Brazil and the United Kingdom.

BACKGROUND: To enhance healthcare globally, successful academic partnerships between institutes of higher education are crucial to strengthen collaboration between countries and identify new ways of working. The desire to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity among childbearing women in north-east Brazil urged professional nurses to seek new ways of working through such a partnership. Reflections on the success of the link identify the key qualities uniting the partnership. AIMS: This paper explores the key qualities of a higher education partnership between the United Kingdom and north-east Brazil. These qualities can act as a guide to other faculties engaged in such links to facilitate successful collaborative working for gains on both sides. RESULTS: Critical reflections from both partners revealed that the key qualities identified are effective communication, deep commitment and the need for both partners to understand each other's context of care. CONCLUSIONS: Examination of each of these qualities illustrates that the shared perspectives, mutual respect and enriched educational experience are valuable and essential to successful partnership working. This critical reflection illustrates the process of success and how others can benefit from the lessons learned, whatever the nature of partnership. Understanding the nature of collaborative working has strengthened each education and practice community, encouraged them to take risks, and remain committed to collective success.

Brazil↗

PubMed1994

A test of the AIDS risk reduction model: psychosocial correlates of condom use in the AMEN cohort survey.

We examined the AIDS Risk Reduction Model (J. Catania, S. Kegeles, & T. Coates) in a sample of unmarried heterosexual adults with an HIV risk factor (n = 716). Labeling one's sexual behavior as risky was associated with having a history of sexually transmitted diseases, particularly genital herpes, and fewer stereotypic health beliefs. For people with secondary sexual partners, greater condom commitment was related to increased labeling, supportive condom norms, and greater enjoyment, and high levels of condom use were related to greater condom commitment, supportive norms, greater enjoyment, and health protective sexual communication. For people with primary partners, greater condom commitment was correlated with increased supportive condom norms, greater enjoyment, and having genital herpes, and high levels of condom use were correlated with greater condom commitment, greater enjoyment, and health protective sexual communication.

Adult↗