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Results for “Paranoid Disorders”

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PubMed2006

Posttraumatic stress disorder in primary care with special reference to personality disorder comorbidity.

BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and disabling disturbance in primary care. Few studies have been carried out in primary care samples and none have taken into consideration the association between PTSD and personality disorder. AIM: To describe prevalence and risk factors of PTSD and its comorbidity with personality disorder. SETTING: General practice centre in Valencia (Spain). METHOD: Patients who had experienced at least one traumatic event in their lives were selected from a random sample attending a primary healthcare centre in Valencia and blindly assessed by trained professionals. Patients suffering from PTSD were compared with those who were not. PTSD and personality disorder diagnoses were established using CIDI and SCID-II interviews respectively. Sex, age at the time of experiencing trauma, frequency, multiplicity and type of trauma, dissociative symptoms, personality disorder and severity of PTSD were subjected to multivariate analysis to estimate the probability of developing PTSD and its duration. RESULTS: Life prevalence rate was 14% and current prevalence 9%. Dissociative symptoms and personality disorder were significantly associated with PTSD. Cluster analysis based on age, frequency and type of trauma revealed the existence of one subgroup composed mainly of women who had experienced frequent body-contact trauma at an early age, developed severe PTSD and suffer from a variety of personality disorders, particularly paranoid personality disorder. Time to the complete disappearance of symptoms was only explained by the initial severity of PTSD. CONCLUSION: PTSD is a frequent disorder in general practice and it is often associated with personality disorder. Women who experienced high frequency body-contact traumatic events at an early age often suffer from personality disorder and present a particularly severe form of PTSD deserving referral to specialised care.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Time perception (chronognosis) in mental disorders].

The study proposes an evaluation of one of the parameters of psychological time--the rhythm of time--established by simple experimental methods. 43 persons were studied. The results obtained show that there are differences between persons with psychopathological symptoms and healthy group.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Psychotropic medication in the elderly. A survey of prescribing and clinical outcome.

Due to the increasing elderly population, an increased number of elderly patients requires treatment for mental and behavioural disorders. There are relatively few clinical studies of the prescribing of psychotropic drugs in patients over 65 years of age. A prospective study was undertaken at three centres caring for the elderly, encompassing patients from general nursing homes and a psychiatric department. Entry of patients into the survey was determined by the clinical decision to prescribe psychotropic medication and an age of 65 years or older. Included in the study were 160 patients. The main reasons for initiating psychotropic medication were indicated, and anamnestic data were collected. Initial and continuing dosages of psychotropic medication were recorded. The clinical condition was assessed at the start of treatment and after four and eight weeks, utilising the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale. The patient's daily activity using an abbreviated Stockton Geriatric Rating Scale (SGRS) was assessed. Side effects were recorded using the UKU Scale. Clinical improvement was seen in about half of the patients with the best effect in patients with mainly psychotic symptoms. Patients with chronic dementia-related problems responded less well. Side effects were few and generally mild. This situation may relate to cautious introduction of the medication and adoption of low-dose regimens. All centres avoided, if possible, psychotropic polypharmacy.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1991

Self-mutilation resulting in bacterial meningitis.

Self-mutilation and particularly self-destructive dermatoses are not usually life-threatening. This case involves a man who met the DSM-III R diagnostic criteria for delusional (paranoid) disorder, somatic type. His destructive behavior involving the face and scalp resulted in osteomyelitis and pneumococcal meningitis. He responded to treatment initially, but was later lost to follow-up. No similar case of self-mutilation has been reported.

Frontal Bone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychotic syndromes in patients with organic brain damage in the light of clinical analysis].

In the Department of Psychiatry, Medical Academy in Gdańsk, 2797 psychotic patients were hospitalized in the years from 1976 to 1986. In addition to the diagnosis of psychosis in 207 cases (7.4%) the organic brain damage was diagnosed: 114 women and 93 men. 157 patients (75.8%) were aged 50-60 years. Following factors underwent the analysis: psychopathology, diagnostic categories of organic brain damage, dependency between psychosis and organic damage, the causes of damage, and the diagnostic procedures leading to the diagnosis. Depression was diagnosed in 57.6% of patients. Psychoses with qualitative disturbances of consciousness were second frequent diagnostic category. Schizophrenia, schizophreniform syndromes and mania were less frequently diagnosed. The diagnostic categories of organic brain damage were: organic background, organic brain damage, dementia, encephalopathy, character disorders , oligophrenia, frontal lobe syndrome, organic defect. The organic brain syndrome was diagnosed primarily on the basis of psychopathology. The analysis do not allow the univocal interpretation of the importance of organic brain changes in psychotic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The use of psychometric tests in the evaluation of patients presenting for orthognathic surgery--a preliminary report.

Psychological evaluation in some orthognathic patients may be necessary as the psychosocial stress of the deformity may lead to psychiatric morbidity such as depression or paranoid disorders. It is also possible for patients with underlying psychosis to present first to the dental surgeon for jaw correction. The use of several psychological tests appropriate for patients presenting with dentofacial deformities is discussed. Nine patients with skeletal malocclusions who were referred for psychiatric assessment are reported here. Three case vignettes are included to give an impression of the type of clinical situations where such an assessment may be helpful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Dynamic diagnosis of psychopathies].

It has been discovered that in persons aged 18-20 years, the establishment of psychopathy is not always completed. Later many of them get steadily compensated and do not seek treatment. In view of this circumstance it is suggested that for this particular age dynamic diagnosis of psychopathies may be employed. It is based on the hypothesis of ontogenetic counterbalancing of early-age associated personality disharmony, of the development with age of the mechanisms of psychological sanogenesis and defence, and enhancement of the adaptive social structure of the personality conduct.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Clinical tales.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of the elderly agitated patient.

Research studies and general literature support the careful use of neuroleptics for control of agitation-related symptoms in the elderly if the symptoms are severe enough to disrupt normal functioning. No one neuroleptic has been found to be more effective than others; medication choice should therefore be based on differential toxicity rather than differential therapeutic efficacy. The differences in frequency and intensity of neuroleptic side effects are discussed, and the use of nonneuroleptic agents, including beta blockers, in the treatment of agitation is considered.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1988

[Diagnosis and forensic psychiatric expertise in traumatic cerebral arachnoiditis].

Patients (123) with traumatic cerebral arachnoiditis due to closed craniocerebral trauma, were investigated during complications or late sequelae of the trauma. All the patients were subjected to spinal puncture. Asthenic, psychosis-like and hallucinatory-paranoid disorders were detected as well as partial oligophrenia and dullness of consciousness. The degree of mental disorders run parallel with intracranial pressure elevation, suggesting the role of intracranial hypertension in pathogenesis of several psychic disorders.

Adolescent↗