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At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Change in the prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis discovered at autopsy in black miners.

The prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis at autopsy in two groups of Black miners who had died while working on the mines during the periods 1961-1963 and 1974-1978 was investigated. Radiographs had been taken regularly in both groups while they were alive to detect early tuberculous lesions. If any such lesions were found, the worker was excluded from the populations which were being studied. A highly significant secular decrease in the prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis was found. Possible explanations for this finding are discussed and it is concluded that there may be a decline in the incidence of tuberculosis in Blacks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Revision of the afrotropical species of the subgenus Leptoconops (s. str.) (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae)].

Six Afrotropical known species belonging to the subgenus Leptoconops (s. str.) are redescribed and illustrated; L. capensis De Meillon and Hardy, dixi De Meillon, fuscipennis Clastrier, Rioux and Descous, harrisoni De Meillon and Hardy, nicolayi De Meillon, rhodesiensis Carter. A key is given for the separation of the females and males of the preceding species, as well as another one recently described from Southern Africa, L. demeilloni Clastrier and Nevill.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Seasonal prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle in the Windhoek District of South West Africa/Namibia.

The seasonal prevalence of ixodid ticks was determined over a 2-year period by the weekly removal from at least 5 cattle of all adult ticks and the immature stages of Rhipicephalus evertsi mimeticus in the ears. The highest mean weekly burden was 286,6 adult ticks/cow/week in March 1979, and the lowest 6,9 adult ticks/cow/week in July 1979. Virtually no tick control is practised in this area. Rhipicephalus capensis group adults peaked in the summer from October to March/April. Rhipicephalus evertsi mimeticus adults were present throughout the year, though in slightly greater numbers from November to May. Immature stages of this species in the ears showed a peak in February/March in addition to variably-timed high peaks in the first 2 winters. Hyalomma marginatum rufipes and Hyalomma truncatum peaked from December to March. Very small numbers of Boophilus decoloratus and Rhipicephalus oculatus were recovered. Tick burdens of all major species differed significantly in the 2 study years.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Arthropod parasites of Hartmann's mountain zebra, Equus zebra hartmannae, in South West Africa/Namibia.

Twelve Hartmann's mountain zebra, Equus zebra hartmannae, were shot for arthropod parasite recovery during the period June 1980-June 1981 on a farm in the Khomas Hochland region of South West Africa/Namibia. Four species of Gasterophilus larvae, 1 species of Rhinoestrus larvae and 3 ixodid tick species were recovered. The seasonal prevalence of the Gasterophilus species larvae and of Rhipicephalus evertsi mimeticus was determined. Three horses examined on the same farm were infested with larvae of 2 Gasterophilus species and with the same ixodid tick species as the zebras.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A review of 367 triplet pregnancies.

Questionnaires were sent to 452 hospitals in the RSA and SWA/Namibia requesting information on triplet pregnancies over a 10-year period. Information on 367 sets of triplets from 150 hospitals was adequate for analysis. The incidence of triplets was 0,04% of all deliveries. As many as 45% of triplets were diagnosed during the first or second stage of labour. These infants had a significantly lower birth weight than those diagnosed at an antenatal clinic (P less than 0,01). The mean birth weights of babies that died in utero or neonatally (within 7 days) were significantly lower than those in survivors (P less than 0,0001). Caesarean section was the delivery method for 14% of 1 002 infants and perinatal mortality was improved for the second and third babies in comparison with second and third babies delivered vaginally (P less than 0,003 and P less than 0,002 respectively). It is concluded that the diagnosis of triplets should be made at the earliest possible stage of pregnancy, and that following adequate antenatal care all triplets should be delivered by caesarean section, except under ideal uncomplicated conditions where vaginal delivery may be feasible.

Birth Order↗
PubMed1983

The prevalence of helminth and arthropod parasites of warthog, Phacochoerus aethiopicus, in South West Africa/Namibia.

A total of 38 warthog, Phacochoerus aethiopicus, shot on a farm in northern South West Africa/Namibia were examined for internal and external parasites at monthly intervals over a period of 13 months. They harboured cestodes, 9 nematode species, 6 ixodid tick species and 1 species each of an argasid tick, a flea, a louse and larvae of a dipteran fly. Clear patterns of seasonal abundance could be determined only for the spirurid stomach worm, Physocephalus sexalatus, and the sucking louse, Haematopinus phachoeri.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1983

Studies on the parasites of zebras. III Nematodes of the mountain zebra from the farm "Kelpie" and the Namib-Naukluft Park, South West Africa/Namibia.

Twelve mountain zebra which were culled at monthly intervals on the farm " Kelpie " in South West Africa/Namibia were examined for helminths. The zebras varied in age from 2-15 years, the middle group of which, aged 4-7 years, had the highest worm burdens. Fourteen species of nematodes belonging to the families Atractidae , Strongylidae , Oxyuridae , Setariidae and Spiruridae were recovered. The highest worm burdens were those of Crossocephalus sp. with 692-61 066 680 and Probstmayria vivipara with 1 257 810-42 004 300. The predominance of the atractids is discussed. The nematodes consistently present were: Cylicodontophorus n. sp. (44-2 107), Triodontophorus spp. (2-934), Cylindropharynx spp. (20-2 332), Crossocephalus sp. and P. vivipara. Two new species, Cylicostephanus longiconus and Cylicodontophorus n. sp., were reported. An additional 3 mountain zebra, culled in the Namib - Naukluft Park, were also examined for helminths. Of 3 zebras ranging in age from 2-7 years, the 2 older animals had the highest helminth burden. Ten species of the nematodes belonging to the same families mentioned above were recovered. The only Spiruridae present were 3 Habronema majus in 1 zebra. The highest worm burdens were those of Crossocephalus sp. with 64 052-883 070 and P. vivipara with 50 720-220 200. The nematodes consistently present were the same as those in the " Kelpie " zebra. In addition, a 2nd, new species of Cylicodontophorus was reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Prevalence of Toxoplasma antibodies in Southern Africa.

An indirect fluorescent antibody survey of the prevalence of Toxoplasma antibodies was carried out on sera from 4 regions of Southern Africa (Natal, Eastern Cape, Western Cape, and South West Africa and Botswana). The overall prevalence of seropositivity at a titre of 1/16 or higher was 20% (of 3379 sera tested), the highest prevalence occurring in Blacks (34%) and Indians (33%) of Natal, and the lowest in San (Bushmen) (9%) and Whites (12%) of South West Africa and Botswana. Differences in prevalence in these areas, and between different ethnic groups, are discussed and compared with previous studies in Southern Africa. Climatic factors affecting prevalence and transmission are compared in relation to cyst and oöcyst survival. The marked differences in prevalence between the San (9%) and the Negroid Dama (27%), both inhabiting the arid Kalahari Desert, are discussed with reference to the lifestyles of these groups.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1983

Giant lower oesophageal ulcer in a Bushman baby. a case report.

The case of a giant, penetrating lower oesophageal ulcer in a 14-month-old Bushman baby is reported. This would probably be classified as a Barrett's ulcer. Histological examination showed that the ulcer developed in columnar epithelium and that there was normal stratified squamous oesophageal mucosa both proximally and distally to the ulcer, indicating that it had developed in an islet of ectopic gastric mucosa. The ulcer originally described by Barrett developed in a short oesophagus, into which gastric mucosa extended in a continuous sheet. Lower oesophageal ulcers should probably be divided into a primary type, of which the present case is an example, and a secondary type, in which there is direct extension of gastric mucosa into the oesophagus due to metaplasia of oesophageal mucosa secondary to reflux oesophagitis.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1978

The clinical and histological features of South West African cutaneous leishmaniasis.

The clinical and histological features of 18 cases of dermal leishmaniasis encountered in South West Africa are described and discussed. The anatomical distribution of the leishmanial lesions differs from that encountered elsewhere in Africa, but the histopathological changes follow a pattern similar to that of Oriental sore in other parts of the world.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Southern Africa. A case report.

The microscopical findings in a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis from South West Africa are presented in order to highlight the pathology of this disease and facilitate its recognition, should unsuspected cases occur in the Republic of South Africa. In addition, the ultrastructural findings confirm the presence of typical Leishmania which occur in the cytoplasm of macrophages where they are undergoing destruction. This adds a further dimension to the characterization of this disease in southern Africa.

Female↗