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PubMed1984

Absence of correlation between oral contraceptive usage and cardiovascular mortality.

Oral contraceptive (OC) usage and cardiovascular mortality rates for all women (and men) of reproductive age, but specifically for those aged 35-44 years, were examined in the United Kingdom. These data show: OC-usage increased from 14.1 million packs in 1968, to 45.1 million in 1976, decreasing to 37.1 million in 1980. Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality rates for the years 1968-1980 for women of reproductive age of 15-34 years were stable: for those aged 35-44 years the rates fell gradually by 19%. Mortality rates for all types of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) for 1969-1978 remained stable for women of 15-34 years, but for women of 35-44 years rates for subarachnoid haemorrhage and cerebral haemorrhage (the two largest groups) declined by 11% and 34% respectively. The absence of a positive correlation between OC usage and cardiovascular mortality rates is difficult to explain if OCs are the cause of fatalities, as claimed by some epidemiological studies. Possible counteracting variables--such as decreased ascertainment or decreased usage by women of 35-44 years, or decreased relative risk over the time period--which might account for this paradoxical result, were examined but discarded as being unlikely. Evidence from other data--e.g. the similarity of male and female mortality rates for each group, the increased mortality rates for women of 45-54 years (who do not take OCs), and the similarity of mortality rates in women in years when OC-usage was widely different--all suggest that a counteracting variable does not exist. The data on cardiovascular mortality rates in the UK, showing an absence of positive correlation with OC-usage, are thus opposed to the conclusions of epidemiological studies claiming an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality due to OCs, and specifically contradict the claim that such increased risk is found in 35-44 year-old OC-users.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Comparison of a cohort mortality with the mortality of a reference population. Principle, necessary number of expected deaths and the given power of the test].

This note derives the power of the test comparing the mortality of a cohort to the mortality of a reference population. The principle of the comparison is recalled i.e. computation of the standardised mortality radio (SMR) and test of the null hypothesis: SMR = 1. It is shown how one can compute the power of the test. A numerical example is given.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[A modification of the Gompertz plot resulting from the age index by Ries and an approximation of the survivorship curve (author's transl)].

The shape of the survivorship curve can easily be interpreted on condition that the probability of death is proportional to an exponentially rising function of ageing. According to the formation of a sum for determining of the age index by Ries it was investigated to what extent the survivorship curve may be approximated by a sum of exponentials. It follows that the difference between the pure exponential function and a sum of exponentials by using possible values is lying within the random variation. Because the probability of death for different diseases is variable, the new statement is a better one.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A method of mortality analysis: application to breast cancer.

A regression analysis of mortality can benefit from the introduction of certain apparently redundant factors. Following a description of the method of calculating the regression coefficients, data on mortality from breast cancer in England and Wales for 1951-1970 are analysed as a function of age group, quinquennium of birth and quinquennium of death.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

The effect of accessing medical records by date of death on estimates of survival.

An inefficient, but quickly and easily calculated, estimate of a survival-time distribution is described. Conditions for the estimate to be unbiased specify bounds on the length of time a study has been in progress and the way in which people must enter a study. These appear to be frequently met when a large medical registry is examined with a view to establishing base line survival experience for a selected class of patients.

Epidemiologic Methods↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perinatal and neonatal mortality and morbidity in Lusaka, 1976.

A prospective study of perinatal and neonatal mortality and morbidity at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH), Lusaka for 1976 is presented. The early neonatal mortality of the babies born in hospital was 28.7 per 1000 live-births; it was 239.96 per 1000 admissions of those born outside the hospital. The still-birth rate in the hospital-born babies was 25.2 per 1000 deliveries; the perinatal mortality was 53.3 per 1000 deliveries; and the neonatal mortality in the hospital-born was 31.1 per 1000 live-births. The cause of death were asphyxia, infections could injury, respiratory distress syndrome, congenital malformation and intracranial haemmorrhage. If the perinatal and neonatal mortality and morbidity are to be reduced, much effort and co-operation of all concerned with the health of the expectant mother, and her child are required. Records of birth-weights, stillbirth, and causes of deaths in the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) for the year 1976 have been analysed. The aim is to provide a basis for future comparisons and improvement of the care given to newborns.

Female↗
PubMed1979

George Stroh.

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Austria↗