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At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Technique of modern radical perineal prostatectomy.

INTRODUCTION: The modern perineal approach to radical prostatectomy uses either nerve-sparing or extended radical modifications on each side. These modifications add optimal potency preservation and optimal cancer control to the benefits of a minimally invasive approach. TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Because of space constraints, this description emphasizes the anatomy and technique of the nerve-sparing and extended radical modifications. CONCLUSIONS: The modern perineal approach provides all the advantages of surgical removal of the cancerous prostate with the least morbidity.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Mechanical reliability, surgical complications, and patient and partner satisfaction of the modern three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis.

OBJECTIVES: The modern three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) has undergone multiple revisions since its introduction in 1973. We reviewed devices placed since the last major revision by American Medical Systems (AMS) in 1987. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was refined with data from an independent patient and partner survey. RESULTS: Two hundred twelve consecutive penile prosthetic devices placed by a single surgeon over an 8-year period are reviewed. One hundred sixty-nine of the devices were three-piece inflatables with 146 being primary implants. The average device has been in place 36.5 months (range 9 to 102). The infection rate in 146 primary three-piece devices was 2.1%. The infection rate in 46 secondary implants or revisions was 6.5%, excluding seven salvage attempts. Mechanical failure in 122 primary AMS devices placed was 4.1%. Mechanical failure in 24 Mentor devices was 4.2% if one discounts connector failures that were revised in 1990. A surgical complication and revision rate of 1.4% was noted in the 146 primary implants. An independent telephone survey achieved a 57% and 24% response rate in patients and partners with three-piece devices placed. In the group of 86 patients with a primary three-piece device placed and complete follow-up, the probability of having a normally functioning device placed in a single operative procedure was 90.6% at 3 years. On a 1 to 10 scale looking at all primary devices, secondary devices, revisions, and infections, the average and median satisfaction rate was as follows: 8.2, 8.5; 8.4, 9.0; 7.7, 7.75 for the Ultrex patients, CX 700 and Mentor patients, and all partners, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The modern three-piece IPP is an excellent surgical option offering a very safe, reliable return to sexual activity for our patients.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1999

Modern insulin therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Modern insulin therapy for Type 1 diabetes is part of a comprehensive treatment program designed to achieve and maintain blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible. The insulin regimens most likely to be successful approximate physiologic insulin delivery by combining basal and meal doses. Several options are available, including constant infusion by external pump and multiple daily injection therapy. Modern therapy affords major health benefits through improved blood glucose control, as well as lifestyle benefits associated with increased flexibility and spontaneity.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1986

Traditional medicine and the modern medical curriculum.

Experience in Sokoto suggests that traditional medicine can be successfully introduced as a distinct academic discipline into the curriculum of a modern African medical school. The importance of such a step lies in two facts. Firstly, for the foreseeable future most people in developing countries will turn to traditional medicine at times of sickness, so modern doctors should be acquainted with its principles and methods. Secondly, within traditional medicine there is a body of important knowledge that needs to be explored and studied. If exposed early and gradually to the subject, medical students are likely to become more effective both as health workers and as contributors to medical science.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1999

Modern imaging of petrous bone malformations: improvement for clinical-embryological correlations.

The rapid perfecting of modern diagnostic imaging during the past decade has provided several new ways to explore ear malformations. Helical computed tomography, three-dimensional (3D) reformations, virtual endoscopy and thin-sliced 3D magnetic resonance imaging constitute the most important recent progress. In parallel, conventional morphologic studies and modern teratologic experimentation give rise to new concepts relative to ear development. The molecular and genetic control of ear morphogenesis is becoming better known, and several malformations can be considered as a consequence of a disruption of genetic or morphogenetic processes. The role of the homeobox genes is particularly important in normal and abnormal development. The field in which radio-embryologic correlations are possible is presently very wide and includes: the association of vestibular defects and lenticulo-stapedial malformations; abnormalities in cochlear coiling; complex ossicular abnormalities; and 'branchial' syndromes. Several experimental models in animals can reproduce this variety of malformations.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Is digital dexterity really related to corticospinal projections?: a re-analysis of the Heffner and Masterton data set using modern comparative statistics.

Using a data set of 69 different mammalian species, Heffner and Masterton propose that the longer and deeper the fibres of the corticospinal tract, the greater an animal's digital dexterity. Because of the effects that phylogeny may have upon the extant phenotype of a given species, however, data from a wide range of species can rarely be considered to represent fully independent data points. Using modern comparative statistics, which incorporate phylogenetic information, we reanalysed their data set such that the assumption of independence was not violated. If Heffner and Masterton's hypothesis is correct, then one would expect evidence of strong correlated evolution between corticospinal tract anatomy and digital dexterity once the effects of the phylogenetic relationships between the species in the data set have been removed. The results show that a distinct bias in the number of primate species sampled by Heffner and Masterton significantly affected their findings. Furthermore, once phylogeny has been taken into account, only the length of the corticospinal tract fibres showed a significant relationship with two out of the four behaviours analysed, digital dexterity and hand-eye coordination. Based upon our results we recommend the use of modern comparative statistics for synthesising neural structure and behaviour, rather than examining structure function relationships in an ahistorical context. It is also evident that there is a need for data on the length and depth of the corticospinal fibres for a greater range of species so that the relationship between the corticospinal tract structure and motor behaviour for mammals as a whole can be more readily interpreted.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Irish public perceptions and attitudes to modern biotechnology: an overview with a focus on GM foods.

This article summarizes the current situation pertaining to modern biotechnology in Ireland, with a particular focus on genetically modified (GM) crops. It briefly examines some important results of the major national surveys carried out in Ireland since 1989, highlights the recent upsurge in media (newspaper) coverage of GM related stories in three Irish opinion leader publications and it allows for an insight into the Irish public's relationship with modern biotechnology.

Attitude↗
PubMed2001

Post-modernity and post-traumatic stress disorder.

The after effects of trauma have assumed a central role in the discourses of psychiatry and psychology in recent years. Most commentators have looked for an explanation of this explosion of interest in trauma, to developments within psychiatry and psychology. However, it is argued here that important cultural changes in the Western world have produced the conditions in which this interest has come about. The advent of post-modernity has witnessed an undermining of social stability and coherence and a systematic weakening of those cultural institutions which provide meaning and order for individuals. Following trauma, the development of the characteristic symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is currently understood to arise from a breakdown of meaning within the victim's world. I seek to establish an association between PTSD and the culture of post-modernity. I argue that this connection has important implications with regard to our understanding of the relationship between trauma and culture more generally.

Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMed2001

Temperature development in a modern municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash landfill with regard to sustainable waste management.

Municipal solid waste is treated in incineration plants to reduce the volume, the toxicity and the reactivity of the waste. The final product, municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash, was considered as a material with a low reactivity, which can safely be deposited in a MSWI bottom ash landfill, or which can be used, e.g. in road construction after further treatment. However, temperature measurements in MSWI bottom ash landfills showed temperatures up to 90 degrees C, caused by exothermic reactions within the landfill. Such high temperatures may affect the stability of the flexible polymer membrane liner (FML) and may also lead to an accelerated desiccation of the clay barrier. At the beginning of this study it was uncertain whether those reported results would be applicable to modern landfills, because the treatment techniques in MSWI and landfills have changed, bottom and fly ash are stored separately, and the composition of the incinerated waste has changed significantly since the publication of those results. The aim of this study was to gain detailed knowledge of temperature development under standard disposal conditions in relation to the rate of ash disposal, the variation of layer thickness, and the environmental conditions in a modern landfill. Temperatures were measured at nine levels within the body of a landfill for a period of nearly 3 years. Within 7 months of the start of the disposal, a temperature increase of up to 70 degrees C within the vertical centre of the disposal was observed. In the upper and central part of the landfill this initial temperature increase was succeeded by a decrease in temperature. The maximum temperature at the time of writing (May 2000) is about 55 degrees C in the central part of the landfill. The maximum temperature (45.9 degrees C) at the FML was reached 17 months after the start of the deposition. Since then the temperatures decreased at a rate of 0.6 degrees C per month. Temperature variation within each individual layer corresponds to the temperature of the underlying layer and the overall surface-to-volume ratio of the landfill. The temperatures in the uppermost layer are significantly influenced by the ambient temperatures.

Cities↗
PubMed2000

Anthocyanins in flowers of genus Rosa, sections Cinnamomeae (=Rosa), Chinenses, Gallicanae and some modern garden roses.

Forty-four taxa of three sections (Cinnamomeae (=Rosa) 26, Chinenses 8 and Gallicanae 10) and eight modern garden roses in the genus Rosa were surveyed for their floral anthocyanins. Eleven anthocyanins: 3-glucosides and 3,5-diglucosides of cyanidin (Cy), pelargonidin (Pg) and peonidin (Pn), 3-rutinosides and 3-rho-coumaroylglucoside-5-glucosides of Cy and Pn, and Cy 3-sophoroside, were isolated from flowers of these taxa and identified by chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Four anthocyanins: Cy 3-rutinoside, Pn 3-rutinoside, Pn 3-rho-coumaroylglucoside-5-glucoside and Cy 3-sophoroside were found for the first time in Rosa flowers.Investigated sections of wild roses showed characteristic distribution of anthocyanins. Cy 3,5-diglucoside was the dominant anthocyanin detected in all three sections, but accumulation of Pn 3,5-diglucoside distinguished sections Cinnamomeae from other sections, and the occurrence of Cy 3-glucoside separates section Chinenses from others.Cy 3-sophoroside was detected in large amount in some taxa of section Cinnamomeae: e.g., R. moyesii and its related cultivars, and R. rugosa cv. Salmon Pink. The acylated Cy glycoside was found in all sections and also in some modern garden roses, while the acylated Pn glycoside was detected in the section Cinnamomeae, but not in sections Chinenses and Gallicanae. According to anthocyanin distribution patterns, eight groups were classified chemotaxonomically in genus Rosa.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Experimental blowgun injuries, ballistic aspects of modern blowguns.

Slender thin arrows blown through modern blowguns can cause serious injuries. In this paper we present some data regarding the terminal ballistics of such an arrow when blown by a young male who had no previous experience with the weapon. The penetration depth into wood was similar to that of an arrow fired from a pistol-crossbow. Further, the blowgun arrow could pass through more than 7 mm of porcine bone. The velocities at a distance of 2 m from the blowgun of three different types of arrows having weights of 1-1.6 g and diameters between 1 and 5 mm were between 22 and 32 m/s, giving an energy of 0.3 to 0.6 J. When blown from a blowgun, these slender modern arrows can thus penetrate human skin and even the cranial bone of a child and cause serious injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Modern trends in breast cancer therapy: towards less lymphoedema?

AIMS: To review from the evidence, with special reference to axillary node management, whether the incidence of lymphoedema following breast cancer treatment is falling in modern breast practice. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of lymphoedema does seem to be reducing with modern approaches to breast cancer management. Axillary treatment seems to determine its development but more studies looking specifically at this problem are needed.

Arm↗
PubMed1988

Finishing of modern posterior chamber intraocular lenses.

We performed specular microscopy to study the surface finishes of modern posterior chamber intraocular lenses from 12 manufacturers. Specular microscopy detected surface contamination, severe polishing marks, subtle irregularities of the lens surface, roughly finished optic edges, and irregular edges of positioning holes in many lenses. The results indicated that the finishes on modern intraocular lenses from several manufacturers were not satisfactory, and surgeons should reconsider the quality of intraocular lenses.

Equipment Contamination↗
PubMed2003

The role of Austrian physicians and Prof. Joseph Hyrtl (1810-1894) on modernization of Ottoman-Turkish medicine.

Medical schools have a long history in Ottoman-Turkish medical education. At Ottoman medical schools (medreses), education has been given to students regularly. But because of social dogma and oppression of religion on the science of human anatomy they could not get a chance to improve for centuries. Traditionally, Ottoman-Turkish medical education was shaped under the influence of Galenos (129-200) and Avicenna (980-1037). These influences continued until the beginning of the 19th century. In this period, Avicenna's most famous medical book "Kanun-i fit-tip" was a main anatomy textbook in medical education of the eleventh century. Modernization of educational systems in the Ottoman Empire started during the reign of Sultan Selim the 3rd (1789-1807) and modern anatomy in Ottoman-Turkish Medicine has flourished following the Austrian physicians. Today's Department of Anatomy at Istanbul Medical School of the Istanbul University is a continuation of Galatasaray Medical School which was the first medical school achieving the western educational level.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1996

Modern intra-uterine devices.

Modern intrauterine devices (IUDs) provide effective, safe and long-term contraception and could be recommended to most women. The mechanism of action of an IUD is still not fully understood, but most recent research suggests that copper-IUDs as well as hormone-releasing intrauterine systems (IUSs) prevent conception. In women in mutually monogamous relationships the risk of PID is low and related to the insertion procedure. IUD/IUS use should be discouraged if there is a suspicion of increased risk of sexually transmitted disease. The risk of ectopic pregnancy is extremely low if modern, highly effective IUDs/IUSs are used. Copper-IUDs increase menstrual blood loss by around 50%, whereas hormone-releasing IUSs substantially reduce menstrual blood loss. Careful patient selection and counselling are the most important tools in order to provide acceptable and safe IUD use.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Human evolution: origins of modern humans still look recent.

That modern humans have a relatively ancient origin has been suggested on the basis of fossil and genetic evidence. But DNA sequences from an extinct neanderthal, and phylogenetic analyses of hundreds of human and ape sequences, continue to support a recent origin for modern humans.

Africa↗
PubMed2001

Microbiology of ancient and modern hydrothermal systems.

Hydrothermal systems have prevailed throughout geological history on earth, and ancient ARCHAEAN hydrothermal deposits could provide clues to understanding earth's earliest biosphere. Modern hydrothermal systems support a plethora of microorganisms and macroorganisms, and provide good comparisons for paleontological interpretation of ancient hydrothermal systems. However, all of the microfossils associated with ancient hydrothermal deposits reported to date are filamentous, and limited STABLE ISOTOPE analysis suggests that these microfossils were probably autotrophs. Therefore, the morphology and mode of carbon metabolism are attributes of microorganisms from modern hydrothermal systems that provide valuable information for interpreting the geological record using morphological and isotopic signatures.

Archaea↗
PubMed2000

Growth hormone therapy for Prader-Willi and Down syndromes: a post-modern medical dilemma.

Post-modernism means the end of traditional certainties. In this paper, growth hormone (GH) is conceptualized as a post-modern medical therapy. It is used in the treatment of conditions that are not traditional diseases, for indications that are not precisely defined. Down syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome represent two clinical conditions in which GH can possibly be used. It is argued that the difference between the two syndromes instructs us as to the principles that might guide appropriate use of GH in the future. In particular, for children, the more GH treatment can be shown to produce benefits other than increased height, the more justifiable its use will be.

Body Height↗