Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Modems”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Peritoneal adhesions: pathogenesis, assessment and effects.

BACKGROUND: As modem surgery has evolved, there has been an increase in iatrogenic peritoneal adhesions. Most surgeons manage adhesions and their related complications on a regular basis. Studies in recent years have improved the understanding of the pathogenesis and impact of adhesions, which are discussed. METHODS: A systematic search of literature was performed to identify publications addressing the etiopathogenesis, clinical spectrum and effects of adhesions, using the following database: Medline (1966 to April 2005), Embase (1974 to April 2005), and the Cochrane controlled trials register. The reference lists of key publications so identified were in addition scrutinized for additional articles of relevance. RESULTS: Adhesions occur in more than three fourths of patients following laparotomy. Perironeal trauma results in a unique inflammatory process in which fibrin formation and fibrinolysis play a central role. The effects of adhesions are unpredictable but are wide ranging, causing a significant health care burden. Intestinal obstruction, infertility, problems at reoperative surgery and cumulative costs of care over many years are the key concerns. While adhesiolysis is beneficial in adhesive intestinal obstruction and infertility, its value in chronic pain is uncertain. CONCLUSION: Every violation of the peritoneum carries a potentially lifelong risk of a range of complications. Data available on the epidemiology and natural history of adhesions call for a wider acknowledgement of the problem in the planning of services and greater attention to preventive strategies.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[On prevention of oncological involutory complications].

Actual issues of modem medicine meeting basic directions of reformation of national public health system and enhancement of preventive services to female patients of various age groups are considered. Actual information on development of oncological gynecological diseases in women with complicated involutional period is included. Possibility in getting new data on risk factors in women with involutional period for the purpose of health promotion in women of reproductive age and of enhancement of life quality during involutional period is surmised. Prospective and effective pattern of primary prevention of oncological gynecological involutional pathology is proposed to be implemented in practice of public health cervices as standardized normative document.

Female↗
PubMed2006

[Achievement of endodontics at the edge of the century].

Endodontics is the branch of dentistry which deals with dental pulp pathology and treatment of root canals. There has been noted a significant improvement in this discipline recently, which has made a substantial increase in therapeutical efficiency and made dentists' work easier. It was possible due to dynamic development of new material technologies and clinical procedures. Aim of this paper was to present the current state of knowledge in endodontics. The most important achievements were especially stressed. Among the most important for development of present endodontics there are: new methods of canal length estimation, modem methods of visualization, nickel titanium rotary instrumentation, numerous gutta-percha obturation systems and also more biocompatible obturation materials.

Dental Instruments↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurobiological studies of gamma-band bioelectrical activity in humans].

The modem literature data were observed, which dedicated to the study of neurobiological studies of gamma-rhythm mechanisms, providing the cognitive functions in hymans: state of readiness and attention, providing of sensory indentification, perception and memorizations, decision-making, management of psychomotor response, emotional and semantic processing of an information. It was shown that synchronous gamma-activity is at integrative activity, which in deteriorated in pathology of thinking. Literature data were analysed concerning ot the changes of gamma-activity (spontaneous, evoked, provoked by photostimulation etc.) in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders: epilepsy, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, stroke etc. as compared with norm. The data observed testify to high significance of gamma-activity in the brain functioning.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Adaptation of myocardium to ischemia. The early phase of ischemic preconditioning].

It has been systematized modem data on the early phase of ischemic preconditioning and cardiac resistance to pathogenic action of ischemia and reperfusion. It has been performed an analysis published works on the important role of alteration of myocardium energy metabolism in the development of adaptation resistance of the heart to ischemia. It has been shown that adenosine, bradykinin and opioid peptides and also signalling cascade involved phospholipase C and D, protein kinase C, tyrosine kinase and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel play a key role in the mechanism of cardioprotective action of ischemic preconditioning.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2006

Health professions' education and practice: A commentary on transformation through the internet.

The Internet, in all of its forms and functions, is well on the way to becoming the most ubiquitous technology of the 21st century. It is changing the way the world does business, the way formal education is conducted, and the way humans interact with each other. The Internet already has become an invaluable tool for formal health education and for the delivery by health professionals of information, training, and education to their employees and patients. With new paradigms for health on the horizon, modem Internet technologies will transform health care practice and systems delivery. In this report, the authors focus attention on the use of distance learning/distance education technologies and their relationship to, and use in, the health professions.

Allied Health Occupations↗
PubMed2006

How to choose an electronic medical record.

I chose a Windows-based file system over a server-based system with a proprietary database, or a web-based system which has both a proprietary database and which also required a full time Internet connection. My reasoning was that I found it uncomplicated. I was familiar with the Windows interface and it required little effort to enter my existing data and was simple to operate the system. If one laptop crashes, my other computers still work. I don't fear failure of an Internet connection source, a modem or a server, power surges or other possible single points of failure that might prevent my patient care. I can incorporate all document types, I can update jump drives with any needed medical information. I can share information instantly with other systems. I can store my own data in a flexible and open format. I have no maintenance contract and I can make changes in my system or can even change vendors at any time. Last but certainly not least, I do not need a highly trained technical staff to operate or maintain our system.

Computer Security↗
PubMed2006

[The modern potential of histocompatibility in clinical kidney transplantation].

To many clinicians, the improvement of cadaveric kidney graft survival, achieved in the last decade, has become a reason to reconsider the importance of HLA matching in renal transplantation under modem conditions. Nevertheless, there still are arguments to continue selecting donors on the basis of HLA compatibility. Single-center cadaveric renal transplantation data were used to calculate graft survival rates by Kaplan-Meyer analysis and to create the Cox model of the probability of seven-year transplanted kidney survival. One-year and seven-year survival rates for 362 cadaveric kidneys transplanted in 1996-2004 were 83.1% and 60.7%, respectively. One-factor analysis found five factors--HLA-DR compatibility, common HLA epitope compatibility, HLA-DQl compatibility, the replacement of Azathyoprine with Cellsept, and donor's age--to have significant effect on transplant survival rate. All these factors were used as variables in a highly significant (p < 0.00001) multifactor Cox model of graft survival. The summary influence of histocompatibility factors on renal graft survival was found to be as high as 86% compared to 6% related to Cellsept and 8% related to donor's age. These results show that histocompatibility is still the main factor favoring the survival of cadaveric renal allograft.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Dynamics of genetic diversity in winter common wheat Triticum aestivum L. cultivars released in Russia from 1929 to 2005].

Genealogical analysis was used to study the dynamics of genetic diversity in Russian cultivars of winter common wheat from 1929 to 2005. The Shannon diversity index of the total set of released cultivars remained almost unchanged, although the number of original ancestors (landraces and genetic lines) increased almost tenfold in the period under study. This was explained in terms of the dependence of the modified Shannon diversity index on two parameters, the number of original ancestors and the mean coefficient of parentage. Significant direct effects were revealed: a positive effect of the former parameter and a negative of the latter. As a result, the increase in the number of original ancestors was compensated by the increase in relatedness of cultivars. Genetic erosion of realized diversity was observed, as a half of Russian landraces were lost. Although the mean coefficient of parentage did not reach its critical value (R = 0.25), cultivars of some regions (Central and Volga-Vyatka) proved to be closely related. A favorable gradual decrease in the mean coefficient of parentage was observed in the past 15 years. A set of modem winter wheat cultivars, which were introduced in the Russian State Catalog from 2002 to 2005, displayed a cluster structure. The overwhelming majority of cultivars formed two clusters originating from Bezostaya 1 (67% of cultivars) and Mironovskaya 808 (31%).

Genetic Variation↗
PubMed2005

[Psychiatric causalties among soldiers in the 20th century with a focus on the Congo 1960-4].

Psychiatric casualties among soldiers constitute an inevitable part of modem warfare. For the past hundred years Medicine and Society have shown a growing interest in the combat reactions. The focus has shifted from an organic one towards a psychological and psychiatric perspective. Cultural, social, economical and political forces have influenced the scientific development from the Shell shock to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. The aims of this literature review are to describe how military psychiatry has viewed combat reactions and in what way this has affected civil psychiatry and medicine in general, and also to follow the development of the diagnosis PTSD. Furthermore, one aim was to study the events in Congo in 1961 when Swedish UN-soldiers participated in combat. The military and associated psychiatrists has by different means tried to prevent and treat psychiatric casualties, but the knowledge was constantly forgotten and the principles of PIE-treatment (proximity, immediacy, expectancy) had to be reinvented over and over again. The experiences of military psychiatry have in some aspect enriched medical science but did also raise questions. Many factors seem to have interacted in the creation of PTSD and this diagnosis is still being questioned and debated. In 1961 PTSD did not exist and according to a follow-up study by Kettner the Swedish soldiers who suffered psychological combat reaction did not differ significantly from the rest, except that they were younger. This study has shown that the dilemma of either serving the demands of war or the individual is a common feature among military psychiatrists. Second, during the last decades there has been a convergence trend of military psychiatry and civil catastrophe psychiatry. The military psychiatry is now part of the socio-medical movement of psyhcotraumatology. Finally, for every war since World War I physicians and psychiatrists have had to relearn the importance of PIE-treatment.

Combat Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidermal growth factor receptor changes during breast cancer metastasis.

BACKGROUND: Since the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab made its triumphant advance into breast cancer therapy, new selective agents, including pan-HER inhibitors are entering clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study investigates the expression of the four HER-family members, HER1-4, in 48 primary breast carcinomas (PBC) and corresponding distant metastases (CDM) by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridisation. RESULTS: Concordance rate between PBC and CDM was 79% for HERI and HER2, 67% for HER3 and 56% or HER4. Expression of HER1-3 was associated with poor prognosis compared to HER-negative disease (p = 0.036). HER4 overexpression was associated with a better outcome (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Though most tumours demonstrate a stable HER expression pattern, both loss and acquisition of HER receptor overexpression can occur during metastasis. HER4 overexpression predicts prolonged survival compared to receptor negative disease, while the opposite is true for HER1-3. Consequences for modem antibody therapy are discussed.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Principal stages in the Cenozoic diversification of shallow-water molluscan faunas in the North Pacific].

Cluster analysis of bivalve species recorded in Cenozoic deposits in Sakhalin Island, western Kamchatka, Hokkaido, and California was used to determine geological age of the modem North Pacific biogeographic region and its constituent subregions (Japan-Mandchurian, Beringian, and Oregon-Sitkan). The North Pacific region developed during the Paleogene-Neogene transition due to Drake Passage opening to deep-water movement, formation of the deep-water Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and the change in climate from greenhouse to psychospheric. Differentiation of the three subregions within the North Pacific Region seems to have occurred in late Miocene-early Pliocene, about 5.6 millions years ago and was probably due to the flooding of the Bering Land Bridge and development of the present configuration of circulation in the North Pacific. In the Northwest Pacific, during Paleogene and early Neogene, the faunal diversification occurred more rapidly and was more extensive than in the Northeast Pacific.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Personal computer access to MEDLINE: an introduction.

Physicians can personally search MEDLINE to answer clinical questions or to update their knowledge base. The components required, each of which is discussed in the text, are a personal computer, a communications software program, a modem, the literature database, and an information vendor. Physicians can assemble and use these components with a minimum of expense and computer knowledge. For the novice searcher who does not want to make a large initial investment, obtaining a low-cost personal computer and using an information vendor such as GRATEFUL MED or PaperChase may be the most suitable alternative. For searchers without access to a medical library or for more experienced searchers, an information vendor such as BRS, MEDIS, or DIALOG may be more appropriate.

Computers↗
PubMed1990

PaperChase: a user-friendly program for searching the biomedical literature.

PaperChase is a computer program which provides an efficient interface to the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE database of references to the biomedical literature. The database includes references (citations) and abstracts compiled from Index Medicus, the International Nursing Index and the Index to Dental Literature. PaperChase may be accessed using any computer terminal or personal computer with modem. No special knowledge of computers or biomedical terms is necessary. Simple menus enable the novice to search the biomedical literature without training. A command language speeds searching for the experienced user. PaperChase does not require the user to know the database's indexing terminology, called Medical Subject Headings. Everyday language may be used and PaperChase will translate, or "map", the user's search term into the required Medical Subject Heading. PaperChase monitors a search in progress and suggests additional Medical Subject Headings which can be used to broaden or narrow a search. The searcher can order a full-text photocopy of any reference found in PaperChase. Support documentation and a subscriber newsletter are provided at no charge. Trained search specialists are available to offer assistance and to answer questions.

MEDLARS↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Communicating in the 1990s: a technology update.

With the variety of available technologies, choosing among them will be difficult at best. Waiting for integration and standardization among technologies may effectively eliminate a competitive edge and productivity improvements for health care organizations. Also, selecting which one communication technology is needed may not be the issue since several technologies likely are needed to solve different communication needs in organizations. One might begin to sort out options by performing an assessment of current communication patterns and deficiencies. Ideally, the assessment should be completed by someone who is able to assess needs over an entire organization, not just one service or one organizational level. The assessment should focus at least on some of the following questions. Are three major problems with staff or client communications? If staff-related, are primary needs interactive with routine communication needs? If they are interactive, time-sensitive, and inter-organizational then a form of video-conferencing may help. Short-term interactive needs might be met by leasing video-conferencing rooms. Long-term, time sensitive interactive needs might require PC-based video-conferencing, Non-time-sensitive, interactive, inter-organizational needs might be met with voice mail or e-mail, which allow some time-delayed but single-mode interactions. If communication needs are routine, one might examine how e-mail, or fax could help. If text-based paper traffic through the mail room is enormous or slow, e-mail may help. If communication among persons at any level of geographically separate organizations is needed, modem-based or public e-mail may be the answer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1990

Improving access to computer-based library and drug information services in patient-care areas.

A project to increase access to drug and biomedical information through electronic linkage of drug information and library services to three patient-care areas is described. In February 1987, microcomputer work stations were installed in the Bexar County Hospital District's hospital emergency department, medical residents' office, and ambulatory-care clinic, as well as in The University of Texas Health Science Center's library reference area and drug information service office. Drug information was available on compact disk through the Micromedex Computerized Clinical Information System (CCIS) database, which includes DRUGDEX, POISINDEX, EMERGINDEX, and IDENTIDEX. Each work station was also connected to the library's computer via modem, allowing access to the Library Information System, books, journals, audiovisual materials, miniMEDLINE, and an electronic mail system. During the six-month project, the system was used 5487 times by 702 people. The system was successful in providing drug and other information in clinical settings and in introducing clinical staff members to new information technology. To increase access to the system after the project ended, the CD-ROM version was discontinued, and the distributed tape version of CCIS for VAX computers was added to the library's online information system, making drug information more available throughout the campus and teaching hospitals. In 1988-89 an average of 200 people accessed the tape version of CCIS each month. Although it is difficult to replace the convenience of an onsite library, at least some drug and biomedical information needs in the clinical setting can be met through computer networking.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MEDLINE, cancer-CD, SCI-CD addition on CD-ROM.

Compact Disc Read-Only-Memory, CD-ROM, is a powerful resource which combines the best features of both online and print access to the literature: multiple access points and leisurely browsing (online accessibility without a modem or without its cost). Applied to the MEDLINE database, this technology has created a brand new market, one which is increasingly competitive and therefore evolving rapidly. Five MEDLINE and two non-MEDLINE products are reviewed. The MEDLINE products include: BRS/COLLEAGUE DISC, Compact Cambridge, Ebsco's Core MEDLINE, Online Research System's Compact Med-Base, and SilverPlatter's MEDLINE on CD-ROM. The two other products include: Institute for Scientific Information's SCI CD Edition and SilverPlatter's CANCER-CD. The market is still wide open and the buyer is wise to try before he buys. However, there are great differences between the various packagings of a rather familiar product. In our view, in terms of ease of use, SilverPlatter was the clear winner. Ebsco's product is attractive because of its containment on one CD. Med-Base is the most original and offers special features not found elsewhere. Finally, personal preference is a strong consideration and should not be overlooked.

MEDLARS↗