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Results for “Maxillofacial Development”

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At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Methanol exposure during gastrulation causes holoprosencephaly, facial dysgenesis, and cervical vertebral malformations in C57BL/6J mice.

BACKGROUND: Exposure of pregnant outbred CD-1 mice to methanol during the period of gastrulation results in exencephaly, cleft palate, and cervical vertebra malformations [Rogers and Mole, Teratology 55: 364, 1997], while inbred C57BL/6J mice are sensitive to the teratogenicity of ethanol. C57BL/6J fetuses exhibit the holoprosencephaly spectrum of malformations after maternal exposure to ethanol during gastrulation, but the sensitivity of C57BL/6J mice to methanol-induced teratogenesis has not been previously described. METHODS: Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were administered two i.p. injections totaling 3.4 or 4.9 g/kg methanol or distilled water four hrs apart on gestation day 'GD' 7. On GD 17, litters were examined for numbers of live, dead and resorbed conceptuses, fetuses were weighed as a litter and examined externally, and all fetuses were double stained for skeletal analysis. RESULTS: No maternal intoxication was apparent, but the high dosage level caused a transient deficit in maternal weight gain. The number of live fetuses per litter was reduced at both dosages of methanol, and fetal weight was lower in the high dosage group. Craniofacial defects were observed in 55.8% of fetuses in the low dosage group and 91.0% of fetuses in the high dosage group, including micro/anophthalmia, holoprosencephaly, facial clefts and gross facial angenesis. Skeletal malformations, particularly of the cervical vertebrae, were observed at both dosages of methanol, and were similar to those previously reported in the CD-1 mouse following methanol exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The types of craniofacial malformations induced in the C57BL/6J mouse by methanol indicate that methanol and ethanol have common targets and may have common modes of action.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1995

Quantitative evaluation of craniofacial growth in the third trimester human.

A detailed understanding of fetal craniofacial growth is necessary for understanding the mechanisms underlying the growth process and how altered growth patterns may give rise to specific craniofacial anomalies. Although descriptive studies of human fetal craniofacial growth are abundant, quantitative studies are less common; most employ only lateral cephalograms or tracings of sectioned specimens. In this study, we compared growth rates in the individual bones of the facial and basicranial regions in a large sample of spontaneously aborted, third trimester fetuses. Growth in the individual dimensions of most bones is not significantly different from isometry when compared with body weight, but comparisons of dimensions within bones show clear changes in shape. In particular, the mandible is characterized by a deepening of the corpus, probably in association with development of the teeth. The maxilla also shows a relatively rapid height increase associated with dental development. The temporal bone grows faster in superoinferior height as opposed to anteroposterior width. The lateral and inferior margins of the zygomatic bone grow faster than the orbital margin. The basioccipital bone, cited in radiographic studies as growing substantially slower than the facial region, actually changes in shape more rapidly than any other skeletal component examined in this study, with widths growing much faster than lengths. Our findings demonstrate that craniofacial development in the third trimester is characterized by localized variation in the rate of growth within and between individual skeletal components, and that gross characterizations of regional rates of growth inadequately characterize craniofacial development.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1976

[The dialectic unity of norm and individuality in assessing the development of the mixed dentition].

Each norm conception is self-limiting and, consequently, may be incorrect in individual cases. This contradiction is eluced by considering norm and individuality as a dialectic oneness when judging a situation. The individual characteristics of the growth and development of the dentition are determined by a great number of specific features. The importance of the individual tooth sizes and of the specific rhythm of dentition is used to emphasize that the assessment must aim at determining the patient's individual developmental optimum. It is oriented to the general norm but must not coincide with it. The achievement of this specific development optimum may be furthered by preventive regulating measures.

Child↗
PubMed2004

[Prosthetic rehabilitation and accompaniment of growth in cases of early tooth loss in children].

Teeth, in the general phenomenon of growth contribute to the blooming and the growth of the young child. It plays a paramount role in the communication while taking part in the development of the language and of the phonation, and by perfecting the shape of the face. The prosthetic rehabilitations are addressed to children who present more or less significant early losses of teeth, whose origin could be congenital, structural, post-decays or traumatic, and bearing on temporary, mixed or final teeth. The series of case presented clarifies the methods which we employ in our service for the design and the practical realization of the prosthetic rehabilitations. The dental lose seriously disturbs the physical development of the child, it can slow down its school development and affect in a pathological way its relational life. The installation of prosthesis makes it possible to the child to feel like the others, to eat normally, to better sleep, to be able to present its face without causing mocking remarks. Among our patients candidates with the prosthetic rehabilitation, the children in low-age are most numerous and present the highest frequency of the traumatisms. Their first real smile is already the justification of the decision of the specialist. Nevertheless, the number of toothless children who profit from this type of rehabilitation is very small.

Child↗